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Background: The reduction of bone mass density is one of the negative impacts of lead. Lead can be found in decomposition of garbage piles at open dumping. TPA Namo Bintang had closed in 2013 but estimated that the decomposition process is still ongoing so that lead in leachate is a risk factor for people who lived around the landfill. Objective: To analyze the influence of lead against bone density. Method: This study used cross sectional design. Data collected in Desa Namo Bintang Kecamatan Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara Indonesia amounted to 96 respondents who age> 18. Data collection was done by interviewed and measurement. Age, sex, body mass index, exercise, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, frequency of osteoporotic prevention food consumption, and coffee consumption was collected by interviewed while BMD was measured by QUS Densitometer (Quantitative Ultra Sound) and Lead Blood Level measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Results: 24% of respondents had high lead levels, and 49% had osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was affected by age (p = 0.008) and milk consumption as osteoporotic prevention food (p = 0.002). Factors affecting bone mass density were age and milk consumption, while lead was unrelated. Suggestions: Osteoporosis can be prevented by healthy lifestyle such as exercise and consumption of foods contains calcium. Keywords: bone mass density, lead, open dumping.
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element ubiquitous in the environment and notneeded by the human body. The aim of this study was to determine relationship ofconsumption of well water exposed to cadmium with cadmium in urine.The study was performed with cross sectional design in the communityresidence around Namo Bintang Dumpsite. The population were adult males andfemales with a sample of 96 people taken by stratified random sampling. Dataanalyzed by logistic regression.Study result showed that Cd levels from the dug wells revealed that 63respondents (65,6%) had exposed to Cd higher than normal levels, 96 urinesamples (100%) had high Cd levels above the normal limits. There were notsignificant correlations between the Cd levels from the wells and Cd in urine.Multivariate analysis showed that community who consume well water exposedCd more than 0,005 mg/l have 2,657 times higher risk cadmium in urine afteradjusted by age, sex, occupation, smoking, duration of exposure, and the distancefrom dumpsite area. Therefore, Residents was suggested to not use wells water asa primary resource to drinking water and expected to be utilized by thegovernment of Deli Serdang regency as a basis for regional planning areas waterand sanitation in the study area.Key words : Cadmium, Cadmium in Urine, Dumpsite Area
Penggunaan BBM di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh penggunaan bensin bertimbal, sehingga makin besar konsumsi energi BBM dari bensin bertimbal, maka makin tinggi tingkat pencemaran timbal (Pb) di udara ambien. Efek Pb terhadap sistem haemapoietic menyebabkan berkurangnya synthesis haemoglobin dan rnenyebabkan anemia. Di Kota Sukabumi saat ini penggunaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) masih didominasi oleh penggunaan bensin bertimbal. Salah satu pekerja yang memiliki resiko tinggi terpapar Pb adalah pegawai UPTD Terminal Dinas Perhubungan Kota Sukabumi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pb di udara ambien dan hubungannya dengan Pb dalam darah serta kejadian anemia pada pegawai UPTD Terminal Dinas Perhubungan Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2007. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi dan sampel adalah pegawai UPTD Terminal, dengan besar sampel sebanyak 44 pegawai yang diambil secara total sampling. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah secara statistik menggunakan teknik analisis distribusi frekuensi dan uji chi square. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa : ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar Pb di udara ambien pada lingkungan kerja dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar Pb dalam darah dengan kadar Hb darah pada pegawai, dan ada hubungan yang signiiikan antara umur dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai UPTD Terminal. Selanjutnya, didapat bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara; kebiasaan merokok, memakai masker, dengan kadar Pb dalam darah pada pegawai UPTD Temainal. Hasil penelitian ini semakin memperjelas betapa pentingnya pengendalian pencemaran udara khususnya pencemaran Pb di udara Upaya penghapusan bensin bertimbal sudah tidak dapat ditunda lagi untuk mencegah dampak kesehatan dan kerugian biaya yang ditanggung oleh masyarakat.
BBM usage in Indonesia still dominated by lead gasoline, so that consumption of BBM energy from lead gasoline increasing, then lead (Pb) pollution level in ambient air is more and more increasing. Pb effect toward haemopoietic system caused the decreasing of hemoglobin synthesis and causing anemia. At Sukabumi recently, BBM usage still dominated by lead gasoline usage. One of the workers that has high risk of exposed to Pb is Terminal UPTD employee of Sukaburni City Transportation Department. The purpose of the study is to find out the relation between Pb in the ambient air and Pb in blood and anemia cases of transportation department a employees of UPTD terminal at Sukabumi 2007. Research design used is cross sectional. Population and sample are Tenninal UPTD employee, with total samples of 44 employees that gathered by total sampling. Further obtained data processed statistically using analysis technique of frequency distribution and chi square test. From research result, obtained that: there is significant relation between Pb level in ambient air of working environment with Pb level in employees blood, there is significant relation between Pb level in blood and blood Hb in employees, and there is significant relation between age and Pb level in employees blood of Terminal UPTD. Accumulation of Pb level could not define in those employees blood because exposed to Pb in ambient air of work environment Furthermore, obtained that there are no signiiicant relations between smoking behaviors along as well as using mask with Pb level in employees? blood of Terminal UPTD. The result of this research clarifies the importance of controlling air pollution especially from Pb contamination. The effort for elimination of gasoline containing Pb can not be delay to prevent the impact to health and the loss of expense that burden by the people.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
