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Metode: Desain studi dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia umur ≥ 15 tahun yaitu sebesar 722.329 responden. Sampel penelitian adalah penduduk Indonesia umur ≥ 15 tahun yang menjadi responden dalam Riskesdas tahun 2013 dan memiliki data lengkap tentang variabel yang diteliti yaitu sebesar 46.823 responden. Analisis data multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dengan hipertiroid setelah dikontrol variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kandungan iodium dalam garam yang digunakan dalam rumah tangga dan status gizi.
Hasil: Prevalensi hipertiroid pada penelitian ini adalah 0,8%. Prevalensi keterpaparan asap rokok 77,4%. Responden yang terpapar asap rokok dengan status pendidikan tinggi memiliki peluang 1,65 kali untuk mengalami hipertiroid dibandingkan pada responden yang tidak terpapar asap rokok dan bukan status pendidikan tinggi. Responden yang terpapar asap rokok dengan status pendidikan sedang memiliki peluang 1,30 kali untuk mengalami hipertiroid dibandingkan pada responden yang tidak terpapar asap rokok dan bukan status pendidikan tinggi. Responden yang terpapar asap rokok dengan status pendidikan rendah memberikan efek protektif 0,69 kali terhadap hipertiroid dibandingkan pada responden yang tidak terpapar asap rokok dan bukan pendidikan tinggi.
Kesimpulan: Paparan asap rokok berinteraksi dengan pendidikan dalam menyebabkan hipertiroid.
Kata Kunci: Hipertiroid; Paparan asap rokok; Pendidikan; Riskesdas 2013.
ABSTRAK Nama : Stevy Elisabeth Dame Simamora Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Pengaruh Paparan Asap Rokok Dari Suami Pada Wanita Usia 15-57 Tahun Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Lanjutan IFLS V Tahun 2014) Pembimbing : DR. dr. Sudarto Ronoatmodjo S.K.M., M.Sc Di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan angka nasional BBLR yaitu sekitar 10,2%. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) tahun 2011 diperoleh hasil bahwa 67% laki-laki di Indonesia merokok. (1) Sementara itu pada tahun 2011-2015 prevalensi perokok pasif yang terpapar asap rokok di rumah sekitar 78.4%, lebih dari separuh perokok pasif adalah kelompok rentan seperti perempuan dan balita. (2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dari suami pada wanita usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menegetahui hubungan paparan asap rokok dari suami pada wanita usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR. Penelitian ini menganalisis data IFLS V tahun 2014.Jumlah wanita usia 15-57 tahun yang menjadi responden IFLS V sebanyak 2.721 orang. Sebanyak 1.599 orang menjadi total sampel karena telah memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi yaitu wanita usia 15 – 57 tahun dengan anak kelahiran terakhir yang lahir hidup dalam kurun waktu 2007-2015, Pernah melahirkan. Sedangkan kriteria ekslusi yaitu : data tentang riwayat merokok suamidan variabel kovariat tidak lengkap, dan ibu merupakan perokok aktif. Proporsi ibu usia 15-57 tahun yang terpapar asap rokok dari suami adalah 73,5 % . Proporsi bayi dengan berat lahir rendah yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang terpapar asap rokok dari suami pada penelitian ini adalah 7,74 %, dan proporsi bblr pada ibu yang tidak terpapar asap rokok dari suami yaitu 6,86%. Terdapat hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara merokok pasif pada ibu usia 15-57 tahun dengan kejadian BBLR dengan 1,096 (CI 95% 0,721-1,66) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat kunjungan ANC. Pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadap kejadian BBLR setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat kunjungan ANC tidak bermakna. Meskipun faktor yang mempengaruhi BBLR sangat banyak dan kompleks, namun hal ini dapat dicegah sejak dini. Salah satunya melalui melindungi masyarakat dari paparan asap rokok melalui upaya pencegahan dan promosi kesehatan. Kata Kunci : bblr,merokok pasif, IFLS
ABSTRACT Name : Stevy Elisabeth Dame Simamora Study Program : Epidemiology Title : The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure From Husbands In Women Aged 15-57 Years With Low Birth Weight In Indonesia (Advanced Data Analysis of IFLS V 2014) Counsellor : DR. dr. Sudarto Ronoatmodjo S.K.M., M.Sc In Indonesia based on the results of Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in 2013 shows the national rate of LWB is about 10.2%. Based on a survey conducted by Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2011, it was found that 67% of men in Indonesia smoke. (1) Meanwhile in 2011-2015 the prevalence of passive smokers exposed to cigarette smoke at home is about 78.4%, more than half of passive smokers are vulnerable groups such as women and toddlers. (2). Objective: This study to see the effect of exposure to husbands cigarette smoke with the LWB. Method: This study analyzed IFLS V data in 2014. A total of 1,599 people into the total sample because it has fulfilled the inclusion criteria, namely women aged 15 - 57 years with the last born birth of children in the period 2007-2015, Ever give birth. While the exclusion criteria are: data about husbans smoking history and covariate variable is incomplete, and mother is active smoker. Results: 73.5% of husbands were smokers. The proportion of infants with low birth weight born to mothers exposed to cigarette smoke from husbands in this study was 7.74%, and the proportion of bblr in mothers not exposed to cigarette smoke from husbands was 6.86%. There was no significant relationship between passive smoking in women aged 15-57 years with LWB incidence with 1.096 (95% CI 0.721-1.66) after controlled by antenatal care (ANC) visit variables. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to husbands smoke with the LWB after controlled by antenatal care (ANC) visit history variable is not significant. Although the factors that affect LBW are very numerous and complex, but this can be prevented early on. One of them through protecting people from exposure to cigarette smoke through prevention efforts and health promotion. Key words : LWB, passive smoker, IFLS
Kata Kunci: Sindrom Metabolik, Stroke, Riskesdas 2018
Stroke is a non-communicable disease that becomes one of public health problems in the world, including in Indonesia. A group of risk factors that can be interacted together including central obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, high GDP levels, and hypertension are known as metabolic metabolism (IDF, 2006). The person who has metabolic syndrome has a chance 3 times to have heart attacks and strokes (IDF, 2006). Meanwhile, according to IDF (2006) it is estimated that 20-25% of the adult population in the world having metabolic syndrome. This research aims to study the relationship between metabolic syndrome and stroke event in population aged ≥ 15 years old in Indonesia after being controlled by covariate variables. The design study of this research is cross sectional using data from Riskesdas 2018. The sample of this research that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 24,451 respondents. Based on the result of the analysis, the proportion of strokes based on the doctor's diagnosis is 1.2%. The proportion of metabolic syndrome obtained is 24.4%. There is a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and the stroke event with a p value of 0.001 with a POR of 2.370 (95% CI: 1.8872,001), which means that respondents with metabolic syndrome has a chance or odds 2.370 times higher for stroke compared to respondents without metabolic syndrome. The results of multivariate analysis obtained a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and stroke event (p = 0,000) with aPOR of 2,415 (95% CI: 1,883- 3,099) and obtained confounding variables such as gender and age. Metabolic syndrome can be an important factor to consider in efforts to prevent and control stroke event in Indonesia.
Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Stroke, Riskesdas 2018
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, due to the increasing prevalence and incidence of CKD, poor prognosis, and high treatment costs. The epidemic of tobacco use with its main use being through smoking is one of the biggest public health threats facing the world, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the population aged 15 years in Indonesia. Methods: The research was conducted using quantitative methods and a a cross-sectional analytical design. The source of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 with a total sample of 324,801 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, the prevalence of CKD incidence was 0.5% and the proportion of smoking behavior was 15.8% smoked and 1.8% had ever smoked with 14.1% the average cigarette smoked 20 cigarette/days, 14.5% smoked > 10 years, 8.0% were moderate smokers, and 11.0% smoked kretek. There is a significant relationship between smoking status, smoking duration, smoking degree, and type of cigarette with POR = 1.15 (95% CI = 1.02 ? 1.30), POR = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.15 ? 1.48), POR = 1.89 (95% CI = 1.48 ? 2.40), and POR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.30 ? 2.80), respectively. In addition, several other risk factor variables had a significant relationship, namely age (POR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.40 ? 2.96), gender (POR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1, 30 ? 1.60), education level (POR = 1.33 95% CI = 1.20 ? 1.48), hypertension (2.43, 95% CI = 2.20 ? 2.69), diabetes mellitus ( POR = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.63 ? 4.93), heart disease (5.28, 95% CI = 4.51 ? 6.17), consumption of energy drinks (POR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.07 ? 2.13), and physical activity (POR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.42 ? 1.77). In addition, the modification effect variables (interaction) were identified, namely employment status, diabetes mellitus, and consumption of energy drinks, and confounding variables, namely age and gender. Conclusion: Smoking behavior, especially smoking status, duration of smoking, degree of smoking, and types of cigarettes smoked are important risk factors that need to be considered in preventing and controlling the incidence of CKD.
High blood pressure (hypertension) is an increase in arterial blood pressure. If left untreated and uncontrolled, hypertension can lead to death caused by complications. Mortality in patients with hypertension most often occurs because of stroke, kidney failure, heart disease, or disorders of the eye. In high blood pressure, heart pumps blood to the body with exceptional high pressure, one reason is because of emotional stress. Increased blood pressure will be greater in individuals who have a high tendency of emotional stress.
