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The challenges of antimicrobial resistance facing Indonesia are similar to those of many countries in the Asian Region and beyond. The results of a survey on the use of antimicrobials conducted by EXPLAIN * (Exploration of Antimicrobial Consumption to Identify Targets for Quality Improvement in Indonesian Hospitals) in all inpatient wards of Royal Taruma Hospital on 19-22 March 2019, out of 100 patients studied, it was found that 97% of empirical antibiotics were used. consisting of 81% for empiric therapy, 12% for medical prophylaxis, 4% for surgical prophylaxis, with the most common diagnoses for antibiotics being typhoid, pneumonia and dengue fever. 16% of patients without a clear indication received antibiotics. Royal Taruma Hospital in November 2018 formed the PPRA Team to support the national program and reduce the use of irrational antibiotics at the Royal Taruma Hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of PPRA policies on the use of antibiotics at the Royal Taruma Hospital. This research is a descriptive analytical study by analyzing the quantitative use of antibiotics, DDD (Defined daily dosage) / 100 patient-days periodically by taking secondary data from the PPRA Team for the quarterly months of February, May and August 2020. Followed by a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 14 sources. informants to find out about their perceptions, opinions, thoughts about the use of antibiotics related to the implementation of PPRA policies at Royal Taruma Hospital. From the DDD / 100 patient-days results, the three most widely used antibiotics were Cetriaxon (64.7%), Levofloxacin (20.1%) and Meropenem (6.9%), which belong to the broad-spectrum antibiotic class. Total antibiotic use was 1206.59 DDD / 100 patient-days or in one day there were 12.1 DDD antibiotics used in 100 hospitalized patients with a total length of stay of 5547 days. From the results of the in-depth interview it can be concluded that the implementation of PPRA policies has been implemented but has not run optimally and needs to be further improved
Appropriate and rational use of antibiotic is believed to prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotic also affect the success of the treatment of pneumonia patients. The irrational use of antibiotic is thought to also be able to cause lengthening of the length of stay in the hospital, thereby affecting the cost of treating pneumonia patients. Riskesdas data for 2018 showed an increase in the prevalence of pneumonia based on diagnosis by health professionals by 2%, while in 2013 it was 1.8%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the rational use of antibiotic with the clinical outcome of pneumonia patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital. This research is a quantitative descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional) study whose data was collected retrospectively using medical records of patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital for the period of January 1 2019 to 31 December 2019. Of the 77 samples obtained, 37.7% patients get the right antibiotik, 93.5% of patients get the right dose of antibiotic, 85.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right duration, and 98.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right frequency. Clinical improvement that occurred ≤ fifth day was 88.3% and length of stay ≤ 5 days was 67.5%. The rationality of antibiotik use did not show a significant relationship to clinical outcome (p value > 0.05) and length of stay (p value > 0.05).
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis pengendalian persediaan antibiotik pada tahun 2011 di RSIA Budi Kemuliaan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan Cross Sectional dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menganalisis unsur-unsur yang berpengaruh pada efektifitas pengendalian dan pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan untuk melakukan analisis ABC antibiotik pada tahun 2011. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini untuk analisis ABC nilai indeks kritis, kelompok A terdiri dari 8 item obat atau 6,25 % dari seluruh item antibiotik, kelompok B 58 item atau 45,31% dan kelompok C 48,44% atau 62 item antibiotik Untuk evaluasi Formularium, 28 item antibiotik dalam kelompok C dapat dihilangkan. Efektifitas pengendalian belum tercapai, dikarenakan kebijakan yang ada belum cukup dan belum dibakukan menjadi pedoman yang disosialisasikan serta dievaluasi secara rutin dan belum dibakukannya prosedur-prosedur yang berkaitan dengan pengendalian persediaan, serta sistem informasi yang tersedia belum menunjang proses pencatatan dan pelaporan.
The aim of this research is to analyze antibiotics stock control in Budi Kemuliaan Hospital in 2011. This was a cross-sectional study using qualitative approach to analyze some factors influencing control effectivity and quantitative approach to analyze ABC antibiotics in 2011. The result of this study, using ABC analysis of critical index point, showed that Group A consisted of 8 drug items or 6.25% of total antibiotics items, Group B consisted of 58 items (45.31%) and Group C consisted of 62 items (48.44%). Twenty eight itemsin Group C could be deleted from Budi Kemuliaan Hospital?s drug formularium lists.The effectivity of stock control had not been achieved yet because the policy regarding stock controlhad not been established adequately andhad not became a guidance to be socialized and evaluated routinely;there were many procedures of drug stock control had not became SOP (Standard Operating Procedure); and the excellence information system that supported good documentation had not been available yet.
Kata kunci : Kompensasi, Pengembangan Karir, Turnover
This study discusses the Influence of Compensation and Career Development on Turnover Nurse in Inpatient Installation RSUP Fatmawati Year 2017. The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Compensation and Career Development on Turnover Nurse in Inpatient Installation RSUP fatmawati Year 2017. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional approach and data obtained from interviews and questionnaires using linkert scale. The population of this research is all nurses of Inpatient Hospital of Fatmawati Year 2017. The sample used is 82 nurses with simple random sampling method. Data analysis used Test Questionnaire Validity, Test Questionnaire Reaction, Correlation Test, and Linear Regression Test simple by using SPSS 20,0 for windows. The result of the research shows that Compensation has negative, strong, and significant effect, 82% toward nurse turnover and career development have negative and weak effect on nurse turnover at RSUP Fatmawati hospital about 18%.
Keywords : Compensation, Career Development, Turnover
Di RSUD Dokter Soedarso, berdasarkan hasil wawancara, ditemukan kejadian penundaan pelayanan resep sebanyak 70-80% setiap bulannya. Penundaan pelayanan resep disebabkan habisnya persediaan obat di gudang penyimpanan. Dalam persiapan menjadi BLUD, pihak manajemen harus memperbaiki sistem pengadaan obat. Penelitian ini adalah analisis evaluasi ekonomi kuantitatif untuk menyusun model pengadaan obat antibiotik kelompok A nilai investasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan total biaya persediaan obat kelompok A. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan EOQ serta ROP dilanjutkan dengan dilakukan simulasi pengadaan dengan metode EOQ dan perhitungan biayanya. Dari biaya yang diperoleh dilakukan perbandingan untuk melihat efektifitas pengadaan terhadap konsekuensi ITOR, service level, cakupan obat terlayani, jumlah waktu pekerjaan dan jumlah dokumen yang dihasilkan. Pengadaan persediaan farmasi di RSUD Dokter Soedarso Pontianak belum dilakukan dengan optimal untuk mencapai hasil yang efektif dilihat dari sudut pandang biaya. Dengan adanya keterbatasan anggaran, sebaiknya dilakukan prioritas dalam pengadaan obat-obatan dengan menggunakan analisis ABC nilai investasi. Metode ini akan membantu pihak manajemen untuk lebih memfokuskan diri terhadap obat-obatan yang mempunyai nilai investasi tinggi. Pengadaan obat antibiotik kelompok A nilai investasi mempunyai efektifitas biaya yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cara RSUD Dokter Soedarso saat ini jika dilihat dari sudut pandang service level, cakupan obat terlayani, jumlah waktu pekerjaan dan jumlah dokumen yang dihasilkan (CER EOQ < CER RS). Sedangkan dilihat dari sudut pandang ITOR, sangat tergantung dengan jumlah pemesanan. Jumlah pemesanan lebih dari 350 vial metode EOQ lebih efektif sedangkan jumlah pemesanan kurang dari 350 vial, cara RSUD Dokter Soedarso lebih efektif.
At the RSUD Dokter Soedarso, based on interviews, it was found 70-80% delay per month in pharmacy services (drog provison for patients). The reason for the delays was stockout of prescription drugs in the pharmacy storage. In preparation to be BLUD, the management should improve the drug procurement system. This was a quantitative analysis of economic evaluation study to compare a procurement methode for class A ABC investing score analysis antibiotics. The calculation of EOQ and ROP was performed, followed by procurement simulations with EOQ method and cost calculations. Total cost were compared with each consequences, namely, ITOR, service level, drug coverage, worktime needed and documents generated. The procurement method at RSUD Dokter Soedarso has yet to be implemented in an optimal way to reach the desired effectiveness from cost point of view. With budget limitations, it is advised to prioritize the drugs procurement using ABC insvesting score analysis. This method will help the management to focus more on the drugs that have a high investment value. Procurement of class A ABC investing score analysis antibiotics drugs using EOQ method is more cost effective compared with RSUD Dokter Soedarso?s ways viewed from service level, drug coverage, amount of time and amount of documents (CER EOQ < CER Hospital). Whereas from ITOR consequences, the cost effectivenes depends on the amount of purchasing. EOQ method is likely more cost effective f the amounts of purchasing exceed 350 vials.
