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Masalah malnutrisi balita masih menjadi tantangan global, dengan 45 juta anak mengalami wasting pada 2022. Di Indonesia, prevalensi wasting dan underweight masing-masing mencapai 8,5% dan 15,9%, termasuk di Jakarta Timur yang mencatat angka wasting 9,3% dan memiliki jumlah balita terbanyak di DKI Jakarta. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pemerintah mengimplementasikan program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Pemulihan yang didanai melalui APBD maupun Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Program PMT berbahan pangan lokal yang didanai oleh APBD dan CSR terhadap perubahan status gizi anak usia 6–59 bulan di Jakarta Timur tahun 2024. Menggunakan desain mixed methods sequential explanatory, yang menggabungkan analisis kuantitatif terhadap 2.183 anak (APBD: 1.812; CSR: 371) dan analisis kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pengelola program. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan status gizi anak sebelum dan sesudah intervensi PMT berdasarkan sumber pendanaan (APBD dan CSR). Analisis statistik meliputi independent sampel t-test, oneway ANOVA, dan regresi linier dengan menggunakan indikator perubahan Δ z-score BB/U dan BB/TB.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan status gizi BB/U (APBD naik 6,4%; CSR naik 10%) dan BB/TB (APBD naik 1%; CSR naik 2,4%). Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi awal dengan perubahan z-score BB/U (APBD p=0,000; CSR p=0,033) dan BB/TB (APBD p=0,000). Regresi linier multivariat menunjukkan bahwa status gizi awal, frekuensi, dan jenis PMT merupakan faktor signifikan dalam perubahan z-score (p<0,05), sedangkan sumber pendanaan tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Temuan kualitatif menyoroti perbedaan dalam pelaksanaan dan pemantauan antara skema APBD dan CSR, namun keberhasilan program lebih dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan sasaran dan kualitas implementasi.
Studi ini menyimpulkan keduanya pendanaan memiliki potensi yang setara dalam mendukung perbaikan status gizi anak. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan efektivitas antara PMT berbasis APBD dan CSR, di mana keberhasilan program lebih dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan sasaran dan pelaksanaannya. Penguatan monitoring serta kolaborasi lintas sektor diperlukan untuk meningkatkan dampak intervensi gizi pada anak. Temuan penelitian ini menjadi rujukan bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam pengembangan intervensi gizi anak berbasis kebutuhan lokal.
Child malnutrition remains a global challenge, with an estimated 45 million children experiencing wasting in 2022. In Indonesia, the prevalence of wasting and underweight among children under five remains high at 8.5% and 15.9%, respectively. East Jakarta, which has the largest number of under-five children in the capital, reported a wasting prevalence of 9.3%. To address this issue, the government has implemented the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT Pemulihan), funded through both local government budgets (APBD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) schemes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of locally sourced PMT programs funded by APBD and CSR on the nutritional status improvement of children aged 6–59 months in East Jakarta in 2024. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative analysis of 2,183 children (APBD: 1,812; CSR: 371) and qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with program implementers. The analysis assessed changes in nutritional status before and after PMT interventions, based on funding sources. Statistical methods included independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression using changes in weight-for-age (Δ z-score W/A) and weight-for-height (Δ z-score W/H) as indicators. The results showed improvements in W/A (6.4% in APBD; 10% in CSR) and W/H (1% in APBD; 2.4% in CSR). Significant associations were found between baseline nutritional status and z-score changes for both W/A (APBD p = 0.000; CSR p = 0.033) and W/H (APBD p = 0.000). Multivariate regression indicated that initial nutritional status, feeding frequency, and PMT type were significant factors affecting z-score changes (p < 0.05), while funding source was not significant after adjusting for other variables. Qualitative findings highlighted differences in implementation and monitoring between APBD and CSR programs, but emphasized that program success was more influenced by targeting accuracy and quality of implementation. The study concludes that both funding schemes have comparable potential in improving child nutritional status. No significant difference in effectiveness was found between APBD- and CSR-based PMT. Success was driven more by precise targeting and proper implementation. Strengthening monitoring systems and cross-sectoral collaboration is essential to maximize the impact of nutrition interventions. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers in developing locally tailored child nutrition strategies.
Childhood obesity has become one of the most serious global public health challenges affecting every country in the world in the 21st century. In a period of 40 years, the number of school-age children and teenagers increased more than 10-fold. Obesity in children has various impacts on children's physical health, social and emotional well-being, self-confidence, academic achievement and quality of life. Obesity in children is related to various conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, acute heart disease, asthma, and others. Obesity in children also has an impact on social and emotional health. This study aims to determine the dominant factors of overweight and obesity in pre-school children and school children aged 5-12 years in DKI Jakarta Province. This research uses secondary data sourced from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The research design used was cross sectional with 1.136 samples obtained from total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis shows that in the 5-9 year age group, there are differences in the proportion of mother’s nutritional status, father’s nutritional status, and fried/fatty food consumption behavior on the incidence of overweight and obesity. In the 10-12 year and 5-12 year age groups, there are differences in the proportion of gender, mother's nutritional status, and father's nutritional status in the incidence of overweight and obesity. The dominant factor of overweight and obesity in the 5-9 year age group is the behavior of consuming fried/fatty foods (OR=1,490, 95% CI=1,039-2,135). The dominant factor for overweight and obesity in the 10-12 year and 5-12 year age groups is the father's nutritional status (OR= 1,956, 95% CI=1,339-2,857 and OR=1,674, 95% CI=1,301-2,155). Education on balanced nutrition needs to be encouraged for parents and children to prevent and control obesity in children aged 5-12 years.
The performance of the current Posyandu program is not optimal. One of the problems that it faced is the lack of skills the cadres possessed. This is further exacerbated by the condition of COVID-19 which stopped the activities of Posyandu. Guidance is one way that can be done to increase the performance of Posyandu. One of the guidances carried out during the pandemic is guidance through the New Normal Posyandu program. This research aims to describe the evaluation of the implementation in NNP-supported Posyandu at selected Posyandu in Cisalak Village in 2022. This research uses the qualitative-descriptive method to describe input (human resources, cadres training, organizational structure, facilities and infrastructures, funding, and schedules of implementation), process (preparation, application of health protocols, weighing, plotting, counselling, recording and reporting, evaluation discussion, and home visit), and output (D/S and N/D? indicator) in three Posyandus (with Posyandu X and Y as supported Posyandu, and Posyandu Z as control group). Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and documents review. Key-informant in this research was one Public Health Center Nutritionist, one person from Village?s Family Welfare Education Program, and one NNP program representative. Main-informant was head from each Posyandu, fifteen cadres in three Posyandus, and the supporting informant were twelve mothers of toddlers in three Posyandus. Research was done in X, Y, and Z Posyandu in Cisalak Village. The results showed that Posyandu guidance program by NNP can help two supported Posyandus to increase quality of the counseling from cadres to the community through provided training program. Program can also help Posyandu to conduct monthly activities and increase the quality of facilities and infrastructures of Posyandu. However, the quality of counseling in supported Posyandus are considered not optimal for all Posyandus.
Kata kunci: Obesitas anak, asupan zat gizi, analisis perbandingan
Obesity in school children is a disease that has become a health problem of publichealth. The prevalence of child obesity in Indonesia in 2007 increased by 9.5% inmen and 6.4% in women increased in 2010 to 10% in boys and 7.7% in 2013 to8,8%. This study discusses the incidence of obesity in children at two elementaryschools. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of childhoodobesity and the factors that influence it in two elementary schools. This study wasconducted in the SDN Anyelir 1 with middle high socioeconomic status andDepok Jaya SDN 7 with middle low socioeconomic status. The research subjectare children of primary school grade 4 and 5 with the variables of this study diet,eating habits, child characteristics, parent characteristics , child physical activityand media exposure. This design study is a cross sectional with comparisonanalysis. There are significant differences between the two groups regarding thelength of time watching TV and playing games, parental characteristics, mediaexposure, total energy intake, carbohydrate intake and fat intake. Differences insocioeconomic status will be a difference in the long watching TV and playinggames, the total energy intake of nutrients, carbohydrates and fats. Researcherhave suggested annually conduct anthropometric survey in school, once a weekschool aerobic exercising, and parents involve in school cafeteria to control thenutrient intake of children.
Keywords:Child obesity, nutrient intake, comparative analysis
