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Kata Kunci : Anak usia 0-23 bulan, Faktor determinan, Wasting Wasting is low weight for height.
This study aims to determine the difference factors associated with wasting in children aged 0-23 months in 13 provinces in Indonesia (Study of IFLS-2 in 1997, IFLS-3 in 2000, and IFLS-5 in 2014).The research design was used cross sectional with total sample of children aged 0-23 months was 582 in 1997, 1263 in 2000, and 1609 in 2014. Wasting was measured using weight scale, length board with level of accuracy was 0,1 cm. The results showed the decrease in the prevalence of wasting from 12,20% in 1997, 11,96% in 2000 and 10,13% in 2014. Bivariate results showed that in 1997 there were a significant relationship between provision of companion breastfeeding food, poverty status, and sex with wasting events, while in 2000 there were no variables that significantly associated with wasting events, and in 2014 poverty status and body length birth were the significant factors. Multivariate results showed the poverty status was the dominant factor associated with wasting in 1997 and 2014. Prevention of wasting should be started prior pregnancy and focused on community with high poverty level.
Key words : Children aged 0-23 months, Determinant factor, Wasting
The prevalence of overnutrition (overweight and obesity) in patients with hypertension is high in Indonesia. Patients with hypertension in overweight or obese are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine trends and determinants of overnutrition in patients with hypertension age 25-69 years in Bogor City in 2015-2017. This research is a longitudinal study using secondary data from a cohort study of risk factors for non-communicable diseases conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Factors analyzed in relation to the incidence of overnutrition in hypertensive patients are intake of macro nutrients (energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat), physical activity, stress, smoking habits, age, gender, education level and income level. Patients with hypertension had an insignificant increase in BMI during 2015-2017, both in the overnutrition and normal groups. The average intake of macro nutrients (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat) in the overnutrition group had a higher trend than in the normal group. Meanwhile, physical activity in the normal group had a higher trend than in the overnutrition group. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the determinants of overnutrition in hypertensive patients in 2015 were gender after being controlled by carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, physical activity and income. Determinant of overnutrition in hypertensive patients in 2016 is fat intake after being controlled by carbohydrate intake, education and gender. Whereas in 2017, the determinants of overnutrition in hypertensive patients are protein intake and carbohydrate intake after being controlled by fat intake.
Many studies confirm that obesity is associated with the risk of type2 diabetes, but not many longitudinal studies have observed the incidence of obesity in type2 diabetes. This study aims to determine trends and determinant of obesity in type2 diabetes aged 35-65 years in Bogor City. A longitudinal design study using secondary data from Cohort Study of NCD year 2015-2017. Time series analysis for 3 years found that the trend of obesity prevalence in type2 diabetes decreased from 71.6%, 69.1%, to 64.2%. The trend of risk factors for the incidence of obesity, such as energy, fat intake and physical activity, increased significantly in 2017. The reduction in the prevalence of obesity is associated with changes in healthy lifestyle (intentional weight loss) and due to poor glycemic control or other disease (unintentional weight loss). The results of determinant analysis of the incidence of obesity are known in year 2015 fat intake is a dominant factor (OR:4.88; 95% CI:1.48-16.06) also influenced by gender, with carbohydrate intake as a confounder. In 2016 fat intake was a dominant factor (OR:5.71; 95% CI:1.48-22.03) also influenced by carbohydrate intake, with physical activity, stress, smoking habits and gender as a confounder. In 2017 carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor (OR:6.84; 95% CI:2.13- 21.98) with fat intake as a confounder.
Hypertension is a leading cause of death and disability on a global level and is a risk factor for other chronic diseases including ischemic heart disease and kidney failure. This study aimed to assess trends and determinants of hypertension associated with individual characteristics and lifestyle. The design of this research was a longitudinal study with time series analysis utilizing cohort study data of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases 2015-2017 in Bogor. The number of samples in this study were 711 respondents. Bivariate analysis used repeated ANOVA, Friedman and Wilcoxon, oneway ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney and also Chi-square tests. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results of the 2015-2017 study showed that the prevalence of hypertension increased from 31,9% to 45,9%. The increase was also shown in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, sodium intake and physical activity. In this study, it was found that the most dominant factor affecting hypertension status in 2015-2017 was excess carbohydrate intake. Respondents with excess carbohydrate intake had a 5,14-14,58 times risk of developing hypertension compared to those with sufficient carbohydrate intake. Other variables that affect hypertension status were nutritional status, age, gender, protein intake, smoking habits and fat intake
