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Kata kunci: Gambaran Karakteristik Dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Peringatan Kesehatan Pada Bungkus Rokok.
In Depok the number of smokers is quite high, especially among teenagers. Although there are already pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs, it does not affect the group of smokers to quit smoking. The purpose of this research is to find out the characteristics and public perceptions of health warnings on cigarette packs in Depok in 2017. The type of research conducted is descriptive. The total population is 104 people. The sampling technique is random. Quantitative data is obtained through giving questionnaires. From the research results, the number of smokers in Depok is quite high at 80.3% and for women 19.7% and the average smoker is an adult who is 18-24 years old, 34.4%. Smokers among Pre teenagers are students with a status of 32.8%. And students 31.1% can be seen from the results of research that adults still lack awareness of the dangers of smoking to their healt. The visualization of health hazards on cigarette packs from 60.3%, there are also those who want to stop smoking. The visual usage label for cigarette packs has high effectiveness in providing effective education on the danger of smoking. Health protection on cigarette packaging has been proven to be positive for the motivation of smokers to quit smoking.
Key words: Characteristics and Public Perceptions of Health Warnings in Cigarette Packs
Smoking still become a risk factor for chronic and deadly diseases. In 2014, there were 5.8 billion smokers in the world, 80 percent started smoking as a teenager. In Indonesia, the average of age to initial smoking is 17,6 years. To protect adolescents from the dangers of smoking, Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) with fear appeal was imprinted on cigarette pack. As 24 June 2014, PHW has been applied in Indonesia. The research aims to describe the response of adolescent smoker in Depok City toward message with fear appeal on PHW in Indonesia.
Perilaku merokok sampai sekarang masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia. Data Susenas 2004, jumlah perokok meningkat dari 32% menjadi 35%. Jakarta menempati urutan teratas untuk jumlah perokok terbanyak pada survei merokok tahun 2000. Di Kabupaten Cirebon, penyakit ISPA non spesifik menempati urutan teratas pada penyakit terbanyak tahun 2006, yang diperkirakan merupakan dampak dari kebiasaan merokok. Salah satu upaya pemerintah menurunkan kebiasaan merokok adalah tulisan peringatan di bungkus rokok. Penelitian yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2007 menyatakan bahwa 76,3 % memilih peringatan kesehatan dalam bentuk gambar dan tulisan sebagai peringatan kesehatan yang efektif. Belum diketahui perbedaan persepsi masyarakat terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasrkan usia, jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi dan status perokok. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Penelitian Peringatan Bahaya Merokok Melalui Gambar Pada Bungkus Rokok di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2007, menggunakan desain cross sectional. Jumlah responden sebanyak 138 orang yang berdomisili di Jakarta dan Kabupaten Cirebon. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan usia terutama pada gambar yang paling efektif p=0,030. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan jenis kelamin terutama pada gambar yang paling jelas p=0,000, gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,002, gambar yang paling menakutkan p=0,000 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,001. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok berdasarkan status sosial ekonomi terutama untuk gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,022 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,000. Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap gambar peringstsn bahaya merokok berdasarkan status perokok pada gambar yang paling menarik p=0,000, gambar yang paling jelas p=0,000, gambar yang paling mendorong p=0,000, gambar yang paling menakutkan p=0,000 dan gambar yang paling efektif p=0,000. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar dalam promosi kesehatan terhadap gambar peringatan bahaya merokok sebaiknya memperhatikan perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi dan status perokok agar pesan-pesan kesehatan lebih mudah diterima masyarakat.
Smoking habit is a cause of the highest mortality and becomes a world health problem. From Susenas data in 2004, smoker number increased from 32% became 35%. Jakarta is on the highest level and a large number of smoker on smoking survey in 2000. Non specific disease of ISPA is on the highest level and most number of disease in 2006. This is estimated that it is impact of smoking habit. One of government effort to decrease smoking habit is warning writing on cigarette bale. This study which was conducted on Health Study Center, University of Indonesia at district of Jakarta and Cirebon in 2007 indicated that 76,3% choosed health warning in the form of picture and writing as an effective health warning. It is not known yet the difference of public perception on warning picture of smoking danger based on age, sex, economic social and smoker status. This study is data analysis of warning picture of smoking danger on cigarette bale by using a cross sectional design at district of Jakarta and Cirebon in 2007. This study used 138 responders who live at district of Jakarta and Cirebon. Data analysis was conducted by using univariate and bivariate analysis with Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test. Study result indicated that there is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on age especially for most effective picture p = 0,030. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on sex especially for most effective picture p = 0,000, most support picture p = 0,002, most terrible picture p = 0,000, most effective picture p = 0,001. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on economic social status especially for most support picture p = 0,022 and most effective picture p = 0,000. There is perception difference on warning picture of smoking danger based on smoker status especially for most attractive picture p = 0,000, clearest picture p=0,000, most support picture p = 0,000, most incredible picture p=0,000 and most effective picture p=0,000. According to study result, it was suggested for health promotion on warning picture of smoking danger to see the differences of age, sex, economic social status and smoker status so health message can be understood well by public.
THIS STUDY DISCUSSED THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTED THE PERCEPTION OF MOTORCYCLE SAFETY DRIVING IN FKM UI STUDENTS. INTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS KNOWLEDGE, EXPERIENCE, AND DRIVING SAFETY MOTIVATION, EXTERNAL FACTORS WERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, PEER INFLUENCE, AND UI POLICY BY USED QUESTIONNAIRES. THE STUDY DESIGN WAS CROSS-SECTIONAL. THE SAMPLE WAS 69 STUDENTS WHO DRIVE MOTORCYCLES. THE RESULTS SHOWED GOOD PERCEPTION, THAT WAS CONSIDERING THE SAFETY OF DRIVING WAS IMPORTANT. AN INTERNAL FACTOR WAS THE MOST DOMINANT EXPERIENCED, WHILE EXTERNAL FACTORS WERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, PEER INFLUENCE, AND UI POLICY. NEED TO IMPROVED THE KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION OF MOTORCYCLE SAFETY DRIVING SUCH AS SOCIALIZATION AND SELECTION OF AMBASSADORS OF SAFETY KEYWORDS: PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY DRIVING, INTERNAL FACTOR, EXTERNAL FACTOR.
