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Evaluasi yang peneliti lakukan menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sistem. Pengambilan data dilakukan di dinkes dan faskes yang menyelenggarakan layanan PPIA di Kota Bandar Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dinkes Kota Bandar Lampung telah melaksanakan kegiatan mulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan serta pemantauan dan evaluasi terkait layanan PPIA, tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya belum maksimal dan terdapat perbedaan capaian indikator yang tercatat manual di dinas kesehatan Kota Bandar Lampung dan di web SIHA.
Kata kunci: anak HIV, ibu HIV, PPIA
Metode pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data WM, FGD dan telaah dokumen dilihat dari komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi,sikap pelaksana, struktur birokrasi dan lingkungan sosial.
Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan aspek komunikasi dalam bentuk sosialisasi mengenai program dan pedoman pelaksanaan belum optimal dijalankan hal ini berpengaruh kepada aspek lainnya yaitu ketersediaan sumber daya baik fasilitas, dana maupun SDM masih terbatas dan berfokus pada layanan di Puskesmas, struktur birokrasi berupa SOP dan fragmentasi koordinasi antar bidang yang terlibat belum terintegrasi, lingkungan sosial berupa dukungan masyarakat, dukungan layanan kesehatan swasta yang belum optimal dan adanya stigma negatif mempengaruhi implementasi integrasi PPIA ke layanan antenatal. Disisi lain disposisi berupa sikap pelaksana dan sumber daya berupa kewenangan sudah sesuai dengan pedoman.
Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa implementasi integrasi layanan PPIA ke layanan antenatal belum optimal hal ini didukung konseling pra-tes dan pasca tes belum efektif, cakupan skrining HIV bumil masih rendah, mekanisme rujukan yang belum berjalan dengan baik dan proses pencatatan dan pelaporan serta monitoring evaluasi yang belum terintegrasi. Direkomendasikan melakukan koordinasi efektif agar dapat melakukan pemetaan tentang apa yang sudah dilakukan sehingga akan dapat dibuat road map perencanaan dan regulasi agar proses komunikasi kepada semua pelaksana dan advokasi kepada stake holder dilakukan dengan efektif yang akan berpengaruh kepada ketersediaan sumber daya, disposisi, pembentukan struktur birokrasi dan lingkungan sosial yang mendukung implementasi kebijakan.
Keyword: Implementasi, PPIA, skrining HIV ibu hamil, antenatal
Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMCT) in pregnant women is an essential activity in antenatal care, so that the existence of integration would be more effective to increase coverage of pregnant women do HIV screening aimed at preventing the transmission vertically from mother to child. In areas with concentrated HIV epidemic status and expanded, mandatory HIV tests and counseling is offered and became part of antenatal care and laboratory examination time labor for all pregnant women. The analysis of integrated implementation is aimed at seeing the implementation of HIV screening of pregnant women that is integrated with antenatal care in Depok city ,2017.
Method in this research is qualitative data develop techniques with WM, FGD and review the document by using the views of communication, resources, disposition of the attitude of the implementor, the bureaucratic structure and the social environment.
Result of the research, communication aspects of the obtained in the form of socialization about the program and implementation of the guidelines have not been optimally run. it is influential to other aspects, such availability of good facility resources, funds or human resources is still limited and focuses on public health centre, bureaucratic structure in form of SOP and coordination field fragmentation involved has not yet been integrated, the social environment in the form of community support, private health service support that is not optimal and the existence of negative stigma affect the implementation of the integration of the PMTCT to antenatal care. Disposition be implementor attitude and resources in the form of authority is in compliance with the guidelines but is not supported by the availability of resources raises the indifference of the executor.
The conclusions obtained that the implementation of the Integration PMTCT to antenatal care has not been optimal. Recommended effective coordination in order to do perform the mapping of what is already done so will can be made road map planning and regulation in order to make the communication process to managing and advocating to all stake holders is done effectively that will affect the availability of resources, establishment of a bureaucratic structure, disposition and social environment which supports the implementation of the policy.
Keyword :implementation, PMTCT, HIV screening of pregnant women, antenatal care
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahanpenularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) di Kota Tanjungpinang. Desain penelitianadalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel merupakan ibu hamilyang datang ke puskesmas berjumlah 130 responden. Variable yang diteliti yaitu umur, tingkat pendidikan, status perkawinan, pekerjaan, pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dukungan suami dan keterpaparan informasi. Variabel tersebut diukur dengan menggunakan kuisioner yang diolah hingga multivariat dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan bahwa rata-rata ibu yang berkunjung ke puskesmas mempunyai perilaku buruk sebesar 56,2%.Hasil uji chi-square didapatkan hasil bahwa yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahan penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) yaitu sikap ibu, keterpaparan informasi kesehatan dan dukungan petugas kesehatan. Variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perilaku ibu adalah dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan dengan nilai OR= 6,420 yang artinya Ibu yang mendapat dukungan dari petugas kesehatan akan berperilaku baik 6,240 kali lebih besar dibandingkan Ibu hamil yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan, setelah dikontrol oleh variable pendidikan, sikap dan keterpaparan informasi.
Direkomendasikan kepada Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas agar dapat meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan tentangHIV/AIDS dan meningkatkan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) serta konseling tentang HIV/AIDS kepada ibu hamil agar ibu hamil mau melakukan pemeriksaan HIV selama kehamilan.
Kata kunci: Perilaku, HIV/AIDS, PPIA, Tenaga Kesehatan
Kata kunci: AIDS; HIV; Implementasi Kebijakan; Kota Tangerang;
PPIA PMTCT is part of a series of HIV and AIDS control efforts. The ultimate goal is that infants born to mothers with HIV are released from HIV, and mothers and infants remain alive and well. Currently with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2016 on Minimum Service Standards (MSP) of the health sector for the District / City explicitly states that everyone is at risk of HIV infection (pregnant women, TB patients, STI patients, transgender, drug users, and prisoners) get standard HIV testing with 100% achievement targets. This target is quite heavy when looking at data PMTCT achievement during this time is still very low. Regular data of Tangerang City Health Office in 2017, coverage of first antenatal visit to health worker of Tangerang City has reached 100% but the number of pregnant women tested by HIV is only 4,230 people or only 10% (SIHA, 2017). Therefore, the researcher conducted analysis of policy implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child of HIV Transmission (PMTCT) to get in-depth information how the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City 2017. This research is a qualitative research with data collection technique in depth interview and focus group discussion. Triangulation of sources is done by comparing data obtained from one informant with another informant. The study of the documents produced, as well as the literature study done as a comparison to the information that has been obtained. The results showed that the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City in 2017 still not in accordance with the policy in PMTCT Program Management Guidelines and Implementation Guidelines of PMTCT, so that the output has not depicted the implementation of PMTCT as a whole. Communication factors are factors that affect implementation, especially communication with clinics, private hospitals and independent midwives. Resource factors, especially facilities, need to be considered for the distribution of reagents and RDT not only in puskesmas but also to private health care facilities. Disposition factors, especially the commitment to Tangerang City Hospital is able to become a reference hospital PPIA. Bureaucratic structural factors need to be established cross-program / cross-sectoral teams in PPIA services joining HIV topics, as well as strengthening the recording and reporting of independent midwives on indicators of pregnant women tested for HIV and HIV-positive pregnant women. Socio-economic conditions support PMTCT services with a free health insurance program through Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all citizens of Tangerang City. However, there are still stigma and discrimination that can prevent pregnant women from testing HIV.
Key words: AIDS; HIV; PMTCT; policy implementation; Tangerang City
Kata kunci: Kualitas Penyedia Layanan Keluarga Berencana, Putus Pakai Kontrasepsi Modern
The continued use of contraception is one indicator of the success of the family planning program. The rate of discontinuation using modern contraceptives in Indonesia is still quite high at 25%. This figure is still above the national target of 24.6%. Contraceptive discontinuation in the group of women who still need it will be classified as unmet need and potential for unwanted pregnancy. The occurrence of contraceptive discontinuation can be influenced by suboptimal services provided by family planning service providers. This research is a descriptive analytic study using cross sectional research design. This study analyzes data of the 2018 Population and Family Development Population Program Performance and Accountability Survey to determine the relationship between the quality of family planning service providers with modern contraceptive discontinuation using the chi-square test and logistic regression. This study found that there was a significant relationship between the quality of family planning service providers with modern contraceptive discontinuation after being adjusted by parity and the interaction between the quality of family planning service providers with parity. Women who received poor quality of family planning services had a 2.2 higher risk of discontinuing use of modern contraceptives compared to women who received good quality of service. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of services evenly in all family planning service facilities to be able to increase the continuity of contraceptive use and increase the coverage of new contraceptive users.
Keywords: Modern contraceptive discontinuation, Quality of family planning service providers
Latar belakang: Semua ibu hamil memerlukan akses cepat ke perawatan emergensi obstetric melalui sistem rujukan yang efektif. Fasilitas Kesehatan Primer sebagai lini pertama sistem rujukan memiliki peran dalam keputusan merujuk dan mengantarkan ibu mendapatkan perawatan emergensi obstetric dengan aman dan tepat waktu. Kelemahan dalam manajemen kesehatan beresiko meningkatkan keterlambatan yang mengancam keselamatan ibu hamil.
Metode: Desain penelitian Explanatory sequential mixed methods dengan populasi yaitu Puskesmas dan Praktek Bidan. Pada tahap kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan pendekatan studi ekologi untuk menilai kapasitas deteksi dini komplikasi dan pengiriman rujukan, membuat pemetaan antar Kabupaten/Kota dan mengidentifikasi faktor manajemen yang mempengaruhinya. Pengumpulan data melalui telaah dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Tahap kualitatif dilakukan wawancara mendalam pada Bidan dan Pasien yang dirujuk untuk mengali informasi tentang proses rujukan. Validitas data melalui triangulasi sumber dan dianalisis secara tematik.
Hasil: Kapasitas layanan rujukan maternal dalam kategori baik sangat rendah yaitu 19,7%, kapasitas deteksi dini komplikasi sebesar 48,7%, kapasitas perawatan stabilisasi sebesar 35,3% dan kapasitas pengiriman rujukan sebesar 43,6%. Penyebabnya staf kurang kompeten, kekurangan obat-obatan essensial, lemahnya pendokumentasian, rendahnya kepatuhan staf pada standar pelayanan, dan kurangnya komunikasi antar fasilitas. Penggunaan sistem informasi rujukan, pengembangan kompetensi staf, dan akreditasi menjadi faktor penentu manajemen kesehatan yang dapat meningkatkan layanan rujukan serta di dukung kesiapan pasien dan keluarga dalam mempersiapkan persalinan.
Kesimpulan: Potensi kematian ibu di Provinsi Lampung tinggi karena sekitar 80% pasien dengan komplikasi maternal yang dirujuk beresiko mengalami keterlambatan tipe I dan II. Fasilitas Kesehatan Primer belum memiliki kapasitas yang baik dalam melakukan deteksi dini komplikasi, perawatan stabilisasi dan pengiriman rujukan. Diperlukan intervensi yang terarah untuk mengatasi masalah kompetensi staf, ketersediaan sumber daya essensial, perbaikan sistematis dalam pendokumentasian dan pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan staf pada standar serta meningkatkan komunikasi yang efektif antar fasilitas kesehatan. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan penguatan akreditasi menjadi pendorong utama yang didukung persiapan persalinan yang baik dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan
Background: All pregnant women need rapid access to emergency obstetric care through an effective referral system. Primary Health Facilities as the first line of referral systems have a role in the decision to refer and deliver mothers to receive emergency obstetric care safely and on time. The weakness of Primary Health Facilities in health management is at risk of delays that threaten the safety of pregnant women.
Method: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design was used, with the population consisting of Primary Health Care Centres (Puskesmas) and Midwife Practices. In the quantitative phase, a cross-sectional design with an ecological study approach was used to assess the capacity for early detection of complications and referral processes, create a mapping between districts/cities, and identify management factors influencing these processes. Data collection was conducted through document review, interviews, and observations. Data were analysed using multiple logistic regression. The qualitative stage involved in-depth interviews with midwives and referred patients to explore information about the referral process. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources and analysed thematically.
Results: The capacity of maternal referral services in the good category is very low at 19.7%, the capacity for early detection of complications is 48.7%, the capacity for stabilization care is 35.3% and the capacity for sending referrals is 43.6%. The causes are incompetent staff, lack of essential medicines, weak documentation, low staff compliance with service standards, and poor communication between facilities. The use of a referral information system, staff competency development, and accreditation are determining factors in health management that can improve referral services and are supported by patient and family readiness in preparing for childbirth.
Conclusion: The potential for maternal mortality in Lampung Province is high because around 80% of patients with maternal complications who are referred are at risk of experiencing type I and II delays. Primary Health Facilities do not yet have good capacity in carrying out early detection of complications, stabilization care and referral delivery. Targeted interventions are needed to address issues of staff competence, availability of essential resources, systematic improvements in documentation and supervision of staff compliance with standards and improving effective communication between health facilities. The use of information technology and strengthening accreditation are the main drivers supported by good preparation for childbirth and community empowerment in rural areas.
