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Indonesia has targeted a reduction in stunting prevalence to 14,2% in 2029. However, this effort still faces major challenges such as the complexity of the double burden of malnutrition and suboptimal feeding practices during the first 1000 days of life. At individual level, a child can experience more than one malnutrition problem at once, which called the double burden of malnutrition. Limited studies have examined the double burden of malnutrition at individual level in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association of complementary feeding practices and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey. The double burden of malnutrition was assessed in forms of coexisting stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight, while complementary feeding practices was measured based on WHO and UNICEF IYCF indicators. A total of 69.884 children were analyzed for stunting-wasting and 72.158 children for stunting-overweight after meeting data completeness and no extreme values. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimated asjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). This study found the prevalence of stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight was 2.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the children, 50.9% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 83.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 45.3% met the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), 72.5% consumed eggs and flesh foods (EFF), 24.9% consumed sweet beverages (SwB), and 21.6% had zero consumption of fruits and vegetables (ZVF). SwB and ZVF indicators were significantly associated with both forms of the double burden of malnutrition. Children who did not consume sweet beverages had a 10% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–0.996) and a 31% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) compared to children who consume sweet beverages. Meanwhile, children who consumed fruits and vegetables had a 20% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90) and a 29% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89) than those with zero intake of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the importance of improving the diversity and quality of foods provided in government programs, along with strengthening nutrition education and sweet beverages nutrition labeling policies to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among children.
The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding is a public health problem in Indonesia. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia is 52.5%. This rate is below the Ministry of Health's target at 2020-2024 aims for the exclusive breastfeeding rate as much as 69%. The sample comes from the "Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI)" in 2017, including mothers of infants less than six months whose data was complete and consistent. The sample was 1,494 respondents. Data were analyzed using Cox regression to determine the prevalence of bottle-feeding and exclusive breastfeeding status. The author analyzed the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. The analysis of significance is using confidence range at 95% This study found that using bottle-feeding increases the risk of not exclusively breastfed among infants aged less than six months in Indonesia
Latar belakang: Masalah gizi stunting masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia khususnya, pada bayi di bawah dua tahun (baduta) masih tergolong tinggi yakni 18.50%. Angka laju penurunan stunting pada baduta cenderung lamban dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Diperlukannya optimalisasi intervensi stunting terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) salah satunya, melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care).
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia setelah di kontrol oleh variable lainnya pada ibu yakni; faktor sosiodemografi, kesehatan kehamilan dan kesehatan anak.
Metode: Studi ini berdesain cross-sectional, dimana faktor paparan dan outcome diukur pada satu waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Mengikutsertakan sebanyak 18.898 anak berusia 6-23 bulan yang ibunya sedang tidak hamil dan memiliki data pemeriksaan kehamilan lengkap pada instrumen SKI tahun 2023. Analisis hubungan menggunakan cog regression sedangkan, pada pengontrolan hubungan variable menggunakan metode time-dependent dan backward-elimination.
Hasil: Anak berusia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia yang ibunya tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan berkualitas berisiko 1.23 kali (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value = 0,000) mengalami stunting setelah di kontrol oleh variabel kovariat lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Melakukan ANC minimal 4 kali dan menerima pelayanan ANC yang berkualitas dapat menurunkan resiko stunting pada baduta di Indoensia.
Depresi menjadi salah satu masalah gangguan mental yang paling umum terjadi dan merupakan penyebab utama disabilitas di dunia terutama pada kelompok anak muda. Di Indonesia, prevalensi depresi tertinggi terjadi pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun dan 61% diantaranya pernah berpikiran untuk mengakhiri hidup. Gaya hidup, termasuk pola makan, juga berperan dalam kejadian depresi. Saat ini, tren pola konsumsi makanan di Indonesia cenderung tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian depresi pada anak muda usia 15-24 tahun di Indonesia berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan stratifikasi berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, status ekonomi, wilayah tempat tinggal, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, dan konsumsi alkohol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan. Pola makan tidak sehat berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko depresi pada anak muda usia 15–24 tahun di Indonesia (OR=1,40; 95% CI: 1,21–1,61). Hubungan pola makan dan kejadian depresi ini dipengaruhi oleh kelompok usia dan wilayah tempat dengan hubungan yang kuat pada kelompok remaja usia 15-19 tahun dan tinggal di wilayah perkotaan. Pencegahan depresi pada anak muda perlu didukung dengan edukasi pola makan sehat dan peningkatan akses terhadap makanan sehat.
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems and a leading cause of disability worldwide, especially among young people. In Indonesia, the highest prevalence of depression occurs in the 15–24 age group, with 61% of them having experienced suicidal thoughts. Lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns, also play a role in the occurrence of depression. Currently, dietary consumption trends in Indonesia tend to be unhealthy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of depression among young people aged 15–24 in Indonesia based on the 2023 SKI data. This cross-sectional study employs univariate, bivariate, and stratified analyses based on age, sex, socioeconomic status, residential area, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy dietary patterns are significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in Indonesian youth aged 15–24 (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.21–1.61). The association was influenced by age group and region of residence with a strong association in youth aged 15-19 years and living in urban areas.. Although a higher risk of depression was also seen among alcohol consumers, this was not statistically significant. Prevention of depression in young people should be supported by education on healthy eating and improved access to healthy foods.