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Background: The tip of iceberg phenomenon in Indonesia, which is related to drug abuse, is already at an alarming stage. The effects of Tramadol drug abuse are not only on the health side but on the socio-economic aspects of society as well as security and order. The POM Agency has issued Head of POM Agency Regulation No.10 Year 2019 regarding Guidelines for the Management of Certain Drugs which are often misused with the aim of protecting the public from misuse and misuse of certain drugs. PBF is a distribution company for certain drugs which is suspected to still be a gap for the distribution of certain drugs such as Tramadol. This study aims to determine the implementation of the policy of managing certain drugs which are often abused in Jakarta specifically the distribution of tramadol drugs by PBF. Subjects and Methods: This study used a qualitative approach by means of interviews and document review, this research was conducted in March to June 2020. The main informants in this study were BPOM officials, BBPOM in Jakarta, Jakarta Provincial Health Office and 6 PBF. The variables studied were the size and objectives of the policy, resources, characteristics of the implementing agency, communication between organizations, disposition of implementers, and the social, economic, political environment. Data were collected by interview and document review. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result: the implementation of policies on the management of certain drugs which are often abused in Jakarta, especially the distribution of Tramadol drugs by PBF has not been optimal. The size and objectives of the implementation policy are optimal. Resources in the form of budgets have not been allocated specifically, facilities are good, HR is not optimal in terms of numbers, Characteristics of implementing agencies in the form of relationships between organizations are not optimal and fragmentation is good, Communication between organizations namely transmission, consistency and clarity is optimal, Implementing disposition in the form of understanding , the direction of acceptance and intensity is good, and social, economic and political environmental factors have supported the implementation of the policy. Conclusion: The performance of the implementation of policies on the management of certain drugs which are often abused in the Jakarta area, in particular the distribution of Tramadol Medicines in the Regulation of the Head of POM RI Number 10 of 2019 based on the theoretical variable Van meter and Van horn approach in general has not been optimally implemented.
Kata kunci: Difteri, KLB, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Diphtheria is contributor of outbreak (KLB) for some regions in Indonesia, included West Java Province. Diphtheria cases recorded increased through 2015 - 2016, cases increased from 59 cases to 153 cases. Depok City became one of the contributors of cases that have fluctuating incidents. Disease trends have declined in 2013-2015, but then increased in 2016 to 8 cases. This study discusses policy implementation, viewed from policy sources, resource arrangements, the characteristics of implementing agencies, bureaucratic structures, communications, the influence of dispositions and socio-economic and political circumstances in control of Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization ORI) in Depok City in 2017. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive design, through in-depth interviews and document review. The results showed that the limited resources, especially human resources, the lack of cross-sectoral concern and social environment factors, like the rejection of some community for vaccination, became a challenge in controlling the Diphtheria Outbreak and Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) in Depok City. It is expected that policy implementers can commit to working together, and taking into the influential factors in policy implementation, as well as government support in providing halal and safe vaccines and research on bioterrorism can also be done as solving cases of diphtheria fluctuating annually.
Key words: Diphteria, Outbreak, Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI)
Measles remains a global problem as the cause of a quarter of deaths in children, and thisthesis aims to analyze the formation of PMK 42 in 2013 to consider international policies andother aspects, using policy analysis triangle. Qualitative approach with in-depth interviewsand document review conducted at the Ministry of Health, partners, and implementingprograms. The formation of a national measles immunization policy is influenced by factorssuch as policy makers, environmental policy, strategy and implementation of immunizationdecision-making process. Environmental policy is a factor that most affects, especially thepolitical and economic aspects. Perception, the role and commitment of policy makersinfluencing national policy decision-making process of immunization against measlesimmunization implementation strategy chosen.Keywords:Policy formation, Immunization, Measles.
The local government of Kudus Regency has committed to accelerating the handling of stunting cases and is trying to realize Kudus zero stunting by issuing Regional Regulation Number 53/2020 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention in Kudus Regency. However, the implementation of convergence in Kudus has not run optimally. The results of the work meeting on the assessment of the integrated stunting prevention convergence action in Central Java in 2020, the capacity for implementing situation analysis and inputting as well as the quality of situation analysis with cross-sectoral involvement in Kudus Regency has not been optimal, the stunting discussion has not been carried out intensively, and there are no regulations to strengthen publications of stunting prevention. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a refocusing of the budget from other services and programs, including stunting prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kudus Regency. This research is qualitative research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and document review with the Edward III framework covering the variables of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure and Van Meter and Van Horn covering variables of the economic, social and political environment. Research informants are representatives from regional apparatus who are members of the stunting prevention acceleration team at the district, sub-district, and village/kelurahan levels as well as the Human Development Cadre (KPM). The study was conducted from April to May 2022. The results show that policy implementation has been running but sensitive nutrition interventions have not been maximized, communication is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the available resources are adequate, and there are policy guidelines that are known and understood by policy implementers, coordination is not optimal. , the economic and social environment is not yet sufficiently supportive and the political environment is sufficiently supportive of policies. In conclusion, the implementation of the policy to accelerate stunting prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic has not run optimally, with constraints on human resource variables, coordination, as well as the economic and social environment. Thus, the implementation of convergence still needs to be improved by carrying out activities in a coordinated manner between institutions. Socialization to the community continues to be intensified so that policy objectives can be achieved. This policy need to be adjusted with the latest Presidential Regulation on accelerating stunting reduction.
Tesis ini membahas implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No.HK.02.02/MENKES/068/I/2010 tentang kewajiban menggunakan obat generik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pemerintah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menyatakan bahwa penggunaan obatgenerik di rumah sakit pemerintah pada tahun 2009 sebesar 65,31% dan 2010 sebesar 57,24%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Permenkes 068/2010 inibelum terimplemetasikan secara maksimal di rumah sakit pemerintah. Masih adakomunikasi yang belum efektif antara Kementerian Kesehatan, Direktur Rumah Sakit, Dokter dan Apoteker. Juga, dari hasil penelitian ini, disarankan bahwapemerintah harus lebih terintegrasi dalam melakukan sosialisasi dan mendukung implementasi Permenkes ini dengan melakukan dukungan terhadap faktor-faktoryang terkait dalam implementasi Permenkes 068/2010 ini. Termasuk melakukankomunikasi efektif terhadap Kementerian Dalam Negeri dalam mengimplementasikan Permenkes ini. Penghapusan terminologi nama “generik bermerek dagang” yang beredar di Indonesia, sehingga obat yang beredar adalah obat paten dan obat generik. Langkah ini untuk menjamin mutu, keterjangkauan harga obat dan kemudahan akses masyarakat terhadap obat. Kementerian Kesehatan hendaknya membuat standar baku dalam pemantauan penggunaan obat generik sehingga didapatkan data yang valid. Kata Kunci : Obat Generik, Implementasi, Kebijakan, Rumah Sakit.
This study described the implementation of the Regulation of Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. HK.02.02/MENKES/068/I/2010 about the obligation to use generic drugs in government hospital. Study design of this research is qualitative. The results of preliminary research that the use of generic drugs in government hospital in the year 2009 of 65,31% and 2010 amounted to 57,24 %. The result indicates that the Permenkes 068/2010 has not been implemented maximally in the government hospital. There is ineffective communication between The Ministry of Health, Director of Hospitals, doctors and pharmacists. Also, it is suggested the government should be more integrated doing socialization dan support to the factors which involved in the implementation of this Permenkes 068/2010. Include make an effective communication to the Ministry of Home Affairs. Removal the terminology name of “generic branded name” that circulated in Indonesian, so there is only “ethical drugs” and “ generic drugs”. The aims are to ensure quality, affordability of drug prices, and easy access for public to get the drug. Ministry of health should make a standard in monitoring the use of generic drugs, so we can get a valid data. Key words : Generic Drugs, Implementation, Policy, Hospital
