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Kata kunci: Obesitas, hipertensi, prevalensi
Hypertension is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Estimated prevalence rates in 2010, that worldwide hypertension is 1.39 billion people, and represents 31% of the adult population. The proportion of hypertension in women increases with age. One of the risk factors of hypertension is obesity. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity in women in Indonesia in 2013 was 28.8% and 32.9%. The purpose of this study to know the relationship of obesity with the incidence of hypertension in women among above 18 years in Indonesia in 2014. Cross-sectional study design study using Indonesian Family Life Survey data 5 Year 2014. The results found that women among above 18 years with obesity at risk the occurrence of hypertension of 1,243 times after controlled by age and education variables compared to women among above 18 years who are not obese with the same age and education. It could be said that women with obesity risk 55.4% of the occurrence of hypertension after controlled by age and education. In health institutions and health workers should routinely perform health screening (sweeping) with health screening and periodic checks on learners, especially in women should be more frequent and actively follow and listen to health education activities and can apply what has been submitted by health workers.
Key words: Obesity, hypertension, prevalence
Hipertensi dan prehipertensi merupakan bagian dari spektrum penyakit kardiovaskular yang kini mulai banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia produktif, dan berpotensi menjadi penyebab utama beban penyakit tidak menular (PTM) jika tidak tertangani sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada remaja dan dewasa muda (15–34 tahun) di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang terkait. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 16.961 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis dilakukan melalui uji chisquare dan regresi logistik dengan nilai p value ≤ 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi
hipertensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (17,6%) dibandingkan laki-laki (16,0%), sedangkan prehipertensi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (19,2%) dibandingkan perempuan (15,1%). Faktor usia, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol, serta determinan sosial seperti pendidikan dan pekerjaan menunjukkan asosiasi dengan kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi, terutama pada kelompok laki-laki. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kebijakan kesehatan berbasis gender yang fokus pada promosi dan pencegahan hipertensi di usia produktif, serta peningkatan deteksi dini untuk memanfaatkan bonus demografi secara optimal.
Hypertension and prehypertension are part of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases that are increasingly prevalent among the productive age group and have the potential to become a major burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) if not addressed early. This study aims to describe the proportion of hypertension and prehypertension cases by sex among adolescents and young adults (aged 15–34 years) in Indonesia, as well as to identify the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 16,961 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression with a p value threshold of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the proportion of hypertension was higher in females (17.6%) than in males (16.0%), while the proportion of prehypertension was higher in males (19.2%) than in females (15.1%). Factors such as age, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors, as well as social determinants like education and occupation, were found to be associated with hypertension and prehypertension, particularly among males. This study recommends the development of gender-sensitive health policies focusing on the promotion and prevention of hypertension among individuals in their productive years, alongside improved early detection efforts to optimize the benefits of the demographic dividend.
Previous studies have reported that there are long-term effects of quitting smoking on weight gain which also exacerbate prehypertension, but the effects are unclear. This study aims to determine the association of smoking and obesity on the incidence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia. This quantitative research is a cross-sectional analytic study using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with samples of 17,698 and Cox regression analysis. The results of this study explain that the prevalence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia is 52.61%. Multivariate analysis showed non-smokers and obese young adults had the greatest risk of developing prehypertension, which was 1.33 times. However, a decreasing effect was found in young adults who smoked and were obese on the incidence of prehypertension, which was 1.17 times, and a protective effect was found in those who smoked and were not obese (PR=0.88) due to the antagonistic interaction of smoking and obesity on prehypertension by 3.42%. Check blood pressure using applications on smartwatches and smartphones in young adults who smoke and focus on those who are obese plus increasing the implementation of Posbindu PTM in public places and promoting health through social media.
Kata kunci: Obesitas, hipertensi, wanita, umur, Riskesdas 2013, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Kata kunci: Faktor Risiko; Hipertensi Derajat 1; Suku Bali; Suku Banjar
In 2010, hypertension was one of the risk factors for death globally and it estimated to have caused 9.4 million deaths. In Indonesia, based on data from IFLS 5, in 2014 the prevalence of hypertension stage 1 at the age of ≥18 years was 15.59%. The majority of Banjar Ethnic who are domiciled in South Kalimantan (65%) have the potential to suffer from hypertension stage 1 with reference to the Riskesdas 2013 which has a prevalence of hypertension of 30.8%. The prevalence of hypertension in Bali Province is 19.9%, which is occupied by the majority of the Bali Ethnic (84%). This difference in prevalence encouraged researchers to find out the differences in risk factors for hypertension stage 1 in the Banjar and Bali Ethnic. This study used a cross sectional design. Data from IFLS 5 in 2014. A total of 765 respondents from the Banjar ethnic and 1,087 respondents from the Bali ethnic aged ≥18 years were sampled in this study. Data were analyzed using cox regression test. Prevalence hypertension stage 1 in Banjar Ethnic and Bali Ethnic are 17,3% and 10,8%, respectively. Risk factors of hypertension stage 1 in Banjar Etnic are obesity (PR=2,726; 95%CI; 1,913-3,886), age ≥45 years (PR=2,146; 95%CI;1,482- 3,107) and male (PR=1,641; 95%CI;1,149-2,344). Risk factors of hypertension stage 1 in Bali Ethnic are obesity (PR=2,971; 95%CI;2,025-4,362), age ≥45 years (PR=2,144; 95%CI;1,465-3,136), male (PR=1,985; 95%CI;1,341-2,938), low education (PR=1,585; 95%CI;1,076-2,334) and urban (PR=1,525; 95%CI;1,051-2,212). The need for optimization of prevention and early detection activities to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in the Banjar and Bali Ethnic.
Key words: Banjar Ethnic; Bali Ethnic; Hypertension Stage 1; Risk Factors
Based on the results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in Indonesia, the prevalence of central obesity continues to increase, namely 18.8% in 2007, 26.6% in 2013, and 31.0% in 2018. Central obesity in Indonesia is mostly found in women and aged ≥45 years. One of the factors that can influence the occurrence of central obesity is emotional mental disorders. Emotional mental disorders are a response to stressful or stressful events that affect the brain's work in carrying out physical activity, smoking status, and a person's eating behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional mental disorders and central obesity in women aged ≥45 years in Indonesia using 2018 Riskesdas data with a cross-sectional study design. The results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of central obesity in women aged ≥45 years in Indonesia was 54.5% and mental-emotional disorders were 13.3%. Results after multivariate analysis using cox-regression showed that emotional mental disorders had a relationship with central obesity controlled by physical activity, smoking status, and emotional mental disorders which interacted with physical activity, smoking, and consumption of risky foods (Pvalue=0.047; 95CI 0.93 -1.00). The need to consider emotional mental disorders in preventing and controlling the incidence of central obesity in Indonesia.
