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Dortua Lince Sidabalok; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Didik Supriyono, Nining Sunengsih
Abstrak:
Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar akibat infeksi pada balita di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Polusi udara dalam ruangan menjadi salah satu faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia disamping faktor individu dan infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara PM2,5 dalam udara ruang rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 78 balita dari wilayah kerja Puskesmas Citeureup yang terdiri dari 26 kasus dan 52 kontrol. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan alat mini particle counter dan kuesioner, serta dianalisis menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gizi (OR=12,14; 95%CI: 1,33-110,29), status imunisasi (OR=5,51; 95%CI: 1,82-16,69), ASI eksklusif (OR=3,89; 95%CI: 1,27-11,88), luas ventilasi (OR= 4,09; 95%CI: 1,43-11,75), dan kebiasaan merokok dalam rumah (OR=4,09; 95%CI: 1,51-11,12) berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumah berhubungan dengan pneumonia pada balita (aOR=4,092; 95%CI: 1,08-15,45) setelah dikontrol oleh status imunisasi, ASI eksklusif, luas ventilasi dan adanya orang yang merokok di dalam rumah.
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Pneumonia is the major causes of death due to infection in children under five around the
world, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Indoor air pollution is one
of the risk factors that increased the incidence of pneumonia besides individual factors
and infections. This study aimed to determine the relationship between indoor PM2,5 with
the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. This was an analytic observational
study with case control design. The sample study was 78 children under five selected
from working area of Puskesmas Citeureup consisted of 26 cases and 52 controls. The
data were collected by mini particle counter and a set of questionnaire, analyzed by chi
square and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that nutritional status
(OR=12.14; 95% CI: 1.33 to 110.29), immunization status (OR=5.51; 95% CI: 1.82 to
16.69), exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.89; 95% CI: 1.27 to 11.88), ventilation (OR=4.09;
95% CI: 1.43 to 11.75), and smoking habits at home (OR=4.09; 95% CI: 1.51 to 11.12)
associated with the incidence of pneumonia. Indoor PM2.5 were associated with
pneumonia in children under five (aOR=4,092; 95%CI: 1.08 to 15.45) after being
controlled by immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding, ventilation and smoking
habits at home.
T-5836
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Dwi Maniksulistya; Pembimbing: Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih, Dwinda Ramadhoni, Diah Wati Soetojo
Abstrak:
Balita merupakan populasi yang rentan terhadap PM 2,5 di udara dikarenakan sistemimun yang belum sempurna dan jalan napasnya yang masih sempit. PM 2,5 dapat masuksampai ke alveoli paru dan melemahkan sistem pertahanan lokal saluran pernapasansehingga menyebabkan pneumonia. Angka pneumonia di Kabupaten Kubu Raya,Kalimantan Barat masih cukup tinggi dengan jumlah kasus yang terbanyak di KecamatanSungai Raya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara PM 2,5 dalamudara ruang dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Metode penelitian yang digunakanadalah kasus kontrol. Total sampel sebanyak 120 sampel yang terdiri dari 60 kasus dan60 kontrol. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terdapat empat variabel yang berhubungan denganpneumonia pada balita yaitu PM 2,5 dalam udara ruang, kepadatan hunian, ventilasidapur, dan pencahayaan. PM 2,5 dalam udara ruang berhubungan dengan pneumoniapada balita setelah dikontrol dengan variabel ventilasi dapur, suhu, pencahayaan,penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, kepadatan hunian, dan kebiasaan membuka jendeladengan OR sebesar 13,596.Kata kunci:pneumonia, balita, PM 2,5, pencemaran udara dalam ruangan
Toddlers are a population susceptible to PM 2.5 in the air due to the immune system thatis not perfect and the airway is still narrow. PM 2.5 can enter up to the pulmonary alveoliand weaken the respiratory system of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Thenumber of pneumonia in Kabupaten Kubu Ra ya, West Kalimantan is still quite high withthe highest number of cases in Sungai Raya District. The purpose of this study was todetermine the relationship between PM 2.5 in air space with the incidence of pneumoniain infants. The research method used is case control. A total sample of 120 samplesconsisting of 60 cases and 60 controls. The results showed that there were four variablesrelated to pneumonia in toddlers namely PM 2.5 in space air, occupancy density, kitchenventilation, and lighting. PM 2.5 in space air is associated with pneumonia in toddlersafter controlled with variables of kitchen ventilation, temperature, lighting, use ofmosquito coils, density, and the habit of opening windows with ORs of 13,596.Key words:pneumonia, toddler, PM 2.5, indoor air pollution.
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Toddlers are a population susceptible to PM 2.5 in the air due to the immune system thatis not perfect and the airway is still narrow. PM 2.5 can enter up to the pulmonary alveoliand weaken the respiratory system of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Thenumber of pneumonia in Kabupaten Kubu Ra ya, West Kalimantan is still quite high withthe highest number of cases in Sungai Raya District. The purpose of this study was todetermine the relationship between PM 2.5 in air space with the incidence of pneumoniain infants. The research method used is case control. A total sample of 120 samplesconsisting of 60 cases and 60 controls. The results showed that there were four variablesrelated to pneumonia in toddlers namely PM 2.5 in space air, occupancy density, kitchenventilation, and lighting. PM 2.5 in space air is associated with pneumonia in toddlersafter controlled with variables of kitchen ventilation, temperature, lighting, use ofmosquito coils, density, and the habit of opening windows with ORs of 13,596.Key words:pneumonia, toddler, PM 2.5, indoor air pollution.
T-5426
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Agisna Nur Fidya; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Didik Supriyono
S-9719
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Fathimi; Pembimbing: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ema Hermawati, Didik Supriyono, Iman Surahman
Abstrak:
Pendahuluan: ISPA sering disalahartikan sebagai infeksi saluran pernafasan atas, padahal ISPA tidak hanya menyerang saluran pernafasan atas namun juga mencakup saluran pernafasan bawah. Infeksi adalah masuknya kuman atau mikroorganisme ke dalam tubuh manusia dan berkembang biak hingga menimbulkan penyakit saluran pernafasan mulai dari hidung hingga alveoli beserta adneksanya seperti sinus-sinus, rongga telinga tengah dan pleura. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor karakteristik individu dan lingkungan terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study (studi potong lintang), jumlah sampel 163 balita, lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pancasan, waktu penelitian dari tgl 27 April-30 Mei 2019. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 41,1% balita menderita ISPA, secara statistik variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA adalah jenis kelamin (OR:2,89) dan umur (OR:2,04). Kesimpulan: Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada balita baik dari karakteristik balita, karakteristik orangtua, karakteristik lingkungan fisik rumah dan sarana pelayanan kesehatan itu sendiri. Saran: Pentingnya peran petugas kesehatan terutama meningkatkan kesadaran orangtua dalam memelihara dan menjaga kesehatan anak, memelihara kesehatan lingkungan serta adanya kerja sama lintas program serta lintas sektor
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T-5604
Depok : FKM-UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Tiara Ananda; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Nurusysyarifah Aliyyah
Abstrak:
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Pneumonia adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) yang menyerang alveoli dan disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Pneumonia menjadi penyakit utama yang membunuh anak dibawah usia lima tahun (balita). Kelurahan Ancol menunjukkan tren fluktuatif kasus pneumoniaa dan didominasi oleh permukiman padat, menjadikannya wilayah yang rentan terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor balita, perilaku anggota keluarga dan rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol dengan total sampel 36 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi lingkungan. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, dan analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel usia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian pneumonia dan menjadi faktor yang dipredisksi paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia. Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan rutin kepada keluarga balita mengenai pentingnya ventilasi dan pencahayaan alami rumah, bahaya asap rokok, dan asap dari obat nyamuk bakar.
Pneumonia is one of the acute respiratory infections (ARI) that affect the alveoli and is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death among children under five years old. Kelurahan Ancol shows a fluctuating trend of pneumonia cases and is dominated by densely populated settlements, making it a vulnerable area for disease transmission. This study aims to analyze the relationship between child, family behavioral, housing conditions factors with the incidence of pneumonia among children under five in the working area of Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol. A case-control study design was employed, involving a total of 36 respondents in both case and control groups. Data were collected through interviews and environmental observations. The analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. The results revealed that age had a significant association with pneumonia incidence and was identified as the dominant predictive factor influencing its occurrence. Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol can enhance routine health education for families with children under five regarding the importance of home ventilation and natural lighting, as well as the dangers of cigarette smoke and mosquito coil smoke.
Pneumonia is one of the acute respiratory infections (ARI) that affect the alveoli and is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death among children under five years old. Kelurahan Ancol shows a fluctuating trend of pneumonia cases and is dominated by densely populated settlements, making it a vulnerable area for disease transmission. This study aims to analyze the relationship between child, family behavioral, housing conditions factors with the incidence of pneumonia among children under five in the working area of Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol. A case-control study design was employed, involving a total of 36 respondents in both case and control groups. Data were collected through interviews and environmental observations. The analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. The results revealed that age had a significant association with pneumonia incidence and was identified as the dominant predictive factor influencing its occurrence. Puskesmas Kelurahan Ancol can enhance routine health education for families with children under five regarding the importance of home ventilation and natural lighting, as well as the dangers of cigarette smoke and mosquito coil smoke.
S-12068
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Desi Putri Utami; Pembimbing: Al Asyary; Penguji: Zakianis, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Miko Hananto, Jerico F. Pardosi
Abstrak:
enduduk di Desa Citeureup memiliki risiko tinggi terpajan PM2,5 karena jaraknya dekat dengan salah satu pabrik semen besar yang beroperasi di wilayah ini. Partikel debu dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan lain selain gangguan pernapasan seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler oleh karena adanya bahan kimia yang melekat dan ikut terbawa masuk ke dalam tubuh. Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang berkaitan dengan pencemaran udara diantaranya adalah hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan pajanan PM2,5 dengan hipertensi pada penduduk di Desa Citeureup, Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah penduduk yang berusia ≥ 45 tahun yang tinggal di Desa Citeureup. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data primer. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah PM2,5, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah hipertensi. Terdapat variabel confounding yang juga ikut dianalisis, yaitu variabel umur, jenis kelamin, IMT, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat keluarga menderita hipertensi dan riwayat penyakit lain. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan software statistik yaitu SPSS. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat Chi Square, variabel independen, yaitu PM2,5 secara signifikan tidak berhubungan dengan hipertensi (p-value = 0,165). Variabel yang secara signifikan berhubungan dengan hipertensi adalah variabel IMT (p-value = 0,000) dan riwayat penyakit lain (p-value = 0,019). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik multivariabel, variabel IMT merupakan variabel confounding hubungan PM2,5 dengan hipertensi
Villagers that living in Citeureup Village have a high risk of exposure to PM2,5 because they lived in area that was closed to one of the major cement factories operating in this region. The particulate matter such as PM2,5 can cause other health problems in addition to respiratory disorders such as cardiovascular disease because of their inherent chemicals and it can be carried into the body. Cardiovascular diseases related to air pollution such as hypertension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between exposure of PM2,5 with hypertension among villagers in Citeureup Village, Citeureup District, Bogor Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with cross-sectional study design. Sample of this study was villagers aged ≥ 45 years old who live in Citeureup Village. This study was an analysis of primary data. The independent variable was PM2,5 while the dependent variable was hypertension. There are confounding variables that were also analyzed, such as age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, family history of hypertension and history of other diseases. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis that analyzes using SPSS statistical software. Based on bivariate analysis with Chi Square, independent variable, PM2,5 was significantly not associated with hypertension. Variables that were significantly associated with hypertension are body mass index (BMI) and history of other diseases. Based on multivariate analysis with multivariable logistic regression, BMI was confounding variable in association between PM2,5 with hypertension
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Villagers that living in Citeureup Village have a high risk of exposure to PM2,5 because they lived in area that was closed to one of the major cement factories operating in this region. The particulate matter such as PM2,5 can cause other health problems in addition to respiratory disorders such as cardiovascular disease because of their inherent chemicals and it can be carried into the body. Cardiovascular diseases related to air pollution such as hypertension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between exposure of PM2,5 with hypertension among villagers in Citeureup Village, Citeureup District, Bogor Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with cross-sectional study design. Sample of this study was villagers aged ≥ 45 years old who live in Citeureup Village. This study was an analysis of primary data. The independent variable was PM2,5 while the dependent variable was hypertension. There are confounding variables that were also analyzed, such as age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, family history of hypertension and history of other diseases. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis that analyzes using SPSS statistical software. Based on bivariate analysis with Chi Square, independent variable, PM2,5 was significantly not associated with hypertension. Variables that were significantly associated with hypertension are body mass index (BMI) and history of other diseases. Based on multivariate analysis with multivariable logistic regression, BMI was confounding variable in association between PM2,5 with hypertension
T-5995
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Hubungan Konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di Daerah Khusus Jakarta Tahun 2023
Nabilah Putri Rahmita; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Retno Henderiawati
Abstrak:
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Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, pneumonia adalah salah satu penyakit menular penyumbang kematian balita. Faktor risiko pneumonia pada balita, antara lain kualitas udara, status imunisasi, dan status gizi balita. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5, status imunisasi, dan status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di 10 SPKU Daerah Khusus Jakarta tahun 2023 dengan data bulanan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi berdasarkan tempat yang mencakup 10 kecamtan di Daerah Khusus Jakarta. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Menteng (p=0,005; r=0,751), Kecamatan Kalideres (p=0,028; r=-0,631), dan Kecamatan Tanjung Priok (p=0,031; r=-0,622). Hubungan status imunisasi dengan pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Cakung (r=-0,356) dan Jagakarsa (r=-0,343) artinya memiliki korelasi negatif sedang. Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok (p=0,018; r=-0,665), Kalideres (p=0,018; r=0,667), dan Kebon Jeruk (p=0,040; r=-0,599). Kesimpulan: Variasi tingkat polusi udara, imunisasi, dan gizi balita antar kecamatan di Jakarta menunjukkan perbedaan pola hubungan dengan pneumonia, menandakan perlunya intervensi dan evaluasi program kesehatan yang lebih terfokus di tiap wilayah.
Background: In Indonesia, pneumonia is one of the leading infectious diseases contributing to under-five mortality. Risk factors for pneumonia in children under five include air quality, immunization status, and nutritional status. Objective: To examine the relationship between PM2.5 concentration, immunization status, and nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five across 10 SPKUs (Community Health Surveillance Areas) in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta in 2023 using monthly data. Methods: This study employed an ecological study design based on location, covering 10 subdistricts in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and pneumonia incidence in children under five in Menteng Subdistrict (p=0.005; r=0.751), Kalideres Subdistrict (p=0.028; r=-0.631), and Tanjung Priok Subdistrict (p=0.031; r=-0.622). The relationship between immunization status and pneumonia in children under five in Cakung (r=-0.356) and Jagakarsa (r=-0.343) indicates a moderate negative correlation. A significant relationship was found between nutritional status and pneumonia incidence in children under five in Tanjung Priok (p=0.018; r=-0.665), Kalideres (p=0.018; r=0.667), and Kebon Jeruk (p=0.040; r=-0.599). Conclusion: The variation in air pollution levels, immunization coverage, and child nutrition across subdistricts in Jakarta shows different patterns of association with pneumonia, indicating the need for more targeted health program interventions and evaluations in each area.
S-11885
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Devina Lenggo Putri; Pembimbing: Zakianis; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih, Laila Fitria, Satria Pratama, Diah Wati
Abstrak:
Gangguan fungsi paru merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang diperkirakan menjadi penyebab ketiga kematian di dunia pada Tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan panjanan partikulat (PM2,5) terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga di sekitar kawasan pabrik semen Desa Citeuruep, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang ibu rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 57 orang ibu rumah tangga memiliki gangguan fungsi paru, 55% berumur lebih dari 40 tahun, 58% memiliki status gizi tidak normal, 59% memiliki ventilasi rumah tidak memenuhi syarat, 70% anggota keluarga merupakan perokok aktif, 67% menetap dirumah dengan jarak dari pabrik semen memiliki risko akan paparan debu, 100% Kelembaban rumah ibu rumah tangga tidak memenuhi syarat. Ibu rumah tangga yang terpajanan partikulat (PM2,5) tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 56,4% mengalami gangguan fungsi paru. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa semua varibel yang diteliti pada penelitian ini tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan sosialisasi kepada ibu rumah tangga untuk melakukan pola hidup bersih dan sehat. Selain itu, pihak puskesmas dapat melakukan penyuluhan terkait rumah sehat, pola konsumsi gizi seimbang serta inspeksi snaitasi rumah secara berkala.
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T-5837
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Intan Pandu Pertiwi; Pembimbing: Dewi Susana; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih, Sulistyo ; Dwinda Ramadhoni
Abstrak:
ABSTRAK
PM2,5 merupakan salah satu indikator adanya pencemaran udara dalam ruang (indoor air pollution). Indonesia termasuk peringkat kelima jumlah kasus TB terbesar di dunia, dan Kota Cirebon merupakan kota dengan angka penemuan kasus TB paru tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon. Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kriteria kasus adalah penderita baru TB Paru yang berusia minimal 15 tahun dan hasil pemeriksaan sputum positif berdasarkan konfirmasi laboratorium Puskesmas periode November 2014 s/d April 2015 serta bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Kriteria kontrol adalah tetangga terdekat kasus yang tidak menderita TB paru, tidak memiliki gejala klinis mirip TB paru berdasarkan konfirmasi dari petugas puskesmas setempat, berusia minimal 15 tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Total jumlah sampel adalah 168 responden dengan jumlah kasus adalah 84 responden, dan kontrol 84 responden. Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah berpengaruh terhadap kejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon (OR 7,034; 95% CI 3,570 ? 13,860). Variabel lainnya yang signifikan adalah jenis kelamin (OR 3,947; 95% CI 2,026- 7,692), lama berada di rumah (OR 2,682; 95% CI 1,430 ? 5,028), jenis bahan bakar memasak (OR 3,260; 95% CI 1,116-9,523), status merokok (OR 3,034; 95% CI 1,446 ? 6,365), jenis atap rumah (OR 3,713; 95% CI 1,945 ? 7,089), dan laju ventilasi kamar (OR 2,493; 95% CI 1,264 ? 4,918). Hasil analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI 2,904-12,975) dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, jenis atap rumah, dan laju ventilasi kamar. Masih banyak rumah yang belum dilengkapi jendela atau ventilasinya kurang, atap rumah tidak dilengkapi oleh langit-langit, sehingga masih banyak rumah yang tidak memenuhi kriteria rumah sehat. Diperlukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kriteria rumah sehat, dan masyarakat agar menjaga pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, termasuk tidak merokok.
ABSTRACT
PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon. The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84 control respondents. PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860). Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260; 95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room (OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy lifestyle, including not smoking.;PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon. The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84 control respondents. PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860). Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260; 95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room (OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy lifestyle, including not smoking., PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon. The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84 control respondents. PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860). Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260; 95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room (OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy lifestyle, including not smoking.]
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T-4503
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nurafni Ellizhona Fajrin; Pembimbing: Ema Hermawati; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Endah Kusumowardani
S-8090
Depok : FKM UI, 2014
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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