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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi obesitas pada pelajar SMP dan SMA sebesar 14,67%. Sedangkan proporsi obesitas pada remaja dengan pola makan fast food sering dan aktivitas fisik rendah adalah 20,54%, proporsi ini lebih tinggi dari pada proporsi obesitas pada remaja dengan pola makan fast food jarang dan aktivitas fisik cukup yaitu 9%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji cox regression menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan fast food dan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas.
Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi fast food sering dan pola aktivitas fisik rendah secara bersama meningkatkan risiko obesitas dibandingkan dengan remaja yang jarang mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik cukup pada remaja SMP dan SMA di Indonesia tahun 2015 (PR 2,165 CI 95% 1,657-2,826), artinya remaja yang sering mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki risiko untuk kejadian obesitas sebesar 2 kali dibandingkan remaja yang jarang mengkonsumsi fast food dan memiliki aktivitas fisik yang cukup setelah dikontrol variabel wilayah tempat tinggal, variabel konsumsi buah, konsumsi sayur dan variabel konsumsi soft drinks.
Peningkatan pencegahan obesitas berbasis program sekolah dapat dilakukan pada remaja SMP dan SMA di Indonesia dengan kegiatan mendukung perubahan perilaku (seperti penyuluhan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik yang baik), dan perbaikan lingkungan sekolah yang menunjang gaya hidup sehat (seperti penyediaan kantin yang bergizi, penyediaan fasilitas untuk olah raga yang memadai, serta meningkatkan fasilitas ekstrakurikuler di sekolah)
Diabetes melitus (DM) masih menjadi tantangan bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memproyeksikan angka DM di Indonesia akan meningkat 150%, menjadi 28,6 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. WHO merekomendasikan kelompok berisiko untuk melakukan kombinasi dari konsumsi buah dan sayur ≥5 porsi/hari serta melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup untuk hasil optimal dalam menurunkan risiko DM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara efek gabungan konsumsi buah-sayur dan aktivitas fisik dengan DM pada penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 23.821 orang dewasa berusia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DM pada orang dewasa sebesar 15,2%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji logistic regression menunjukkan asosiasi yang tidak signifikan antara konsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup (RRCorrected 1,2; 95%CI 1,08-1,52 p value 0,607), artinya penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki tren peningkatan risiko DM sebesar 1,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi dan obesitas sentral, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Optimalisasi upaya pencegahan DM dengan meningkatkan intake buah-sayur agar memenuhi rekomendasi ≥5 porsi/hari dapat dilakukan penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun yang disertai dengan meningkatkan kegiatan aktivitas fisik baik sedang maupun berat serta meningkatkan kegiatan olah raga bersama baik di sekolah, kampus, kantor maupun di rumah.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a significant challenge for developing countries, including Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects that the number of DM cases in Indonesia will increase by 150%, reaching 28,6 million by 2045. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups adopt a combination of consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and engaging in sufficient physical activity for optimal results in reducing DM risk. This study aims to examine the association between the combined effects of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on DM among adults aged 18–64 years in Indonesia in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), involving a total sample of 23,821 adults aged 18–64 in Indonesia. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among adults was 15,2%. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed a non-significant association between consuming <3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day with insufficient physical activity compared to adults who consumed ≥5 servings per day and engaged in adequate physical activity (RRcorrected 1,2; 95% CI 1,08–1,52, p-value 0,607). This suggests that adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (<3 servings/day) and low physical activity had a trend of a 1,2 times higher risk of DM compared to those who met the recommended intake (≥5 servings/day) and had sufficient physical activity, after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and central obesity—though the result was not statistically significant. To optimize DM prevention efforts, adults aged 18–64 should increase their fruit and vegetable intake to meet the recommended ≥5 servings per day, alongside increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and promoting group exercise activities in schools, universities, workplaces, and at home.
Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
Keywords: Hypertension, Fast Food, Soft Drink, Meat and IFLS-5.
Mental health disorders are one of the main risk factors for causing pain and death in adolescents. Symptoms of mental health disorders can be anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, suicidal or self-harm ideas and attempted suicide. Poor mental health is a severe health problem, especially in adolescents. Mental health is affected by multiple factors, including daily behavior and individual lifestyle. This study aims to find out the relationship between lifestyle and mental health of school adolescent in Indonesia. This study used secondary data of Indonesia's Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015. The population of this study was 9.628 students aged 11-18 years in Indonesia. This research sample was obtained by total sampling method. Analysis of lifestyle relationships with school adolescent mental health in Indonesia in this study using multivariate analysis of cox regression and large associations expressed with Prevalence Ratio (PR) with 95% Confindence Interval (CI). Result showed that the prevalence of school adolescents in Indonesia with mental health disorders is 9,4%. Mutivariate analysis test results showed there was a significant relationship between lifestyle and school adolescent mental health in Indonesia 1,47 (95%CI: 1,31 - 1,65) after being controlled by gender, socioeconomic status, and bullying. The school and parents are advised to work together to prevent mental health disorders in adolescents by approaching the child to know the problems felt by establishing closeness between family members so that communication can be well established and provide highly nutritious food to the child and encourage the child to exercise and physical activity regularly in order to avoid high sedentary behavior
Kurangnya aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang sering kali tidak disadari. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 85% remaja Indonesia kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Masa remaja penting sebagai tahap awal pembentukan kebiasaan aktivitas fisik agar kebiasaan ini dapat terbawa hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat aktivitas fisik serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik kurang pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data berasal dari SKI 2023, dengan sampel sebanyak 164.061 individu usia 10–24 tahun. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji regresi logistik sederhana, serta multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik. Sebanyak 40,4% responden beraktivitas fisik kurang. Aktivitas fisik kurang berasosiasi dengan usia muda 10-17 tahun (PR = 1,54; 95%CI = 1,5156 – 1,5595), jenis kelamin perempuan (PR = 1,12; 95%CI = 1,1060 – 1,1330), tidak bekerja/bersekolah (PR = 1,13; 95%CI = 1,1340 – 1,1650), dan IMT underweight (PR = 1,09; 95%CI = 1,0642 – 1,1081). Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara status ekonomi dengan aktivitas fisik dalam model akhir pada penelitian ini. Aktivitas fisik kurang masih menjadi masalah signifikan pada remaja dan dewasa muda di Indonesia. Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan/sekolah, dan IMT berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas fisik. Diperlukan intervensi yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik demografis untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik kelompok usia muda.
Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet it often goes unnoticed. WHO data indicate that more than 85% of Indonesian adolescents engage in insufficient physical activity. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing physical activity habits that may carry into adulthood. This study aims to analyze physical activity levels and associated factors contributing to physical inactivity among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia, based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was employed. Data were drawn from SKI 2023, comprising a sample of 164,061 individuals aged 10–24 years. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using simple logistic regression, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression to identify associated factors. A total of 40.4% of respondents were classified as having physical inactivity. Insufficient activity was associated with younger age (10–17 years) (PR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.5156 – 1.5595), female gender (PR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.1060 – 1.1330), being unemployed or not in school (PR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.1340 – 1.1650), and underweight BMI (PR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.0642 – 1.1081). No significant association was found between economic status and physical activity in the final model of this study. Physical inactivity remains a significant issue among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Age, gender, occupational/school status, and nutritional status (BMI) play a key role in influencing physical activity levels. Targeted interventions tailored to demographic characteristics are needed to improve physical activity in younger age groups.
