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Central obesity is a condition where there is an accumulation of fat in the abdomen. Central obesity is associated with the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. The prevalence of central obesity is known to increase in both developed and developing countries. As many as 40.2% of individuals in the world are estimated to have central obesity. Indonesia is a developing country with an increasing prevalence of central obesity with an increase from 2007, 2013, and 2018 according to riskesdas data, respectively, by 18%, 26%, and 31%. The increase in central obesity is associated with economic development and urbanization leading to unfavorable changes in consumption habits of high-calorie foods and sugary drinks, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress. Riskesdas 2018 data states that the prevalence of central obesity in urban areas is higher than the national prevalence, which is 35%. This study aims to further analyze the dominant factors in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia. There were 194,049 riskesdas 2018 respondents who were involved in this study. Data analysis used chi-square bivariate test and multiple logistic regression multivariate test on the applicationThe results showed that there were 15 variables that were significantly associated with the incidence of central obesity, including: age, gender, education level, employment status, emotional mental health, consumption of sweet foods, sugary drinks, fatty foods, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking habits (p-value <0,05). Female gender is known as the dominant factor in the incidence of central obesity in the population aged 25-64 years in urban areas of Indonesia (p-value 0,0005). The OR of the incidence of central obesity was 4.06 (95%CI: 3,947-4,175) higher in the female respondent group, after being controlled by other variables. Thus, people in urban areas, especially women, are urged to increase awareness regarding central obesity. The public is encouraged to reduce the consumption of risky foods, do exercise regularly, avoid stress, and avoid smoking and alcohol consumption. Health agencies are expected to help the community by providing nutrition education and promotion of health related to central obesity.
Central obesity or abdominal obesity is a body condition that experiences fat accumulation in the middle of the abdomen (intra-abdominal fat) which is a major factor in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of central obesity continues to increase, including in Jakarta. Various studies show that a vegetarian diet has a lower risk of central obesity. Meanwhile, research on central obesity in vegetarian groups in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence of central obesity and the relationship between the type of vegetarian diet and other factors related to central obesity in a group of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults aged 20-59 years at the Maitreyawira Buddhist Education and Training Center and the Prajna Dhyana Vihara Jakarta in 2024. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional method involving 139 respondents. Data collection was carried out from March to April 2024 using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that 51.8% of respondents were classified as central obese with the proportion of central obesity in non-vegetarians (70.0%) compared to vegetarians (46.8%). The results of bivariate analysis showed a relationship between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets (p-value 0.041), age (p-value 0.001), marital status (p-value 0.011), energy intake (p-value 0.002), protein intake ( p-value 0.034), fat intake (p-value ≤0.001), physical activity (p-value ≤0.001), snacking habits (p-value 0.004), and sleep duration (p-value ≤0.001) with central obesity. However, it is not related to gender, education level, carbohydrate intake, fast food consumption habits, sweet foods/drinks, and fried foods.
Obesitas sentral merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama secara global. Obesitas sentral merupakan penumpukan lemak dalam tubuh bagian perut yang berhubungan dengan beragam masalah kesehatan, seperti diabetes melitus, hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular dan beberapa jenis kanker. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral pada anggota polisi laki-laki di Kepolisian Resort X. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel 150 orang menggunakan metode simple random sampling yang dilakukan di Kepolisian Resort X Jawa Timur pada bulan Mei-Juni 2024. Penelitian ini mengolah data primer yang didapatkan dari pengukuran antropometri dan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan secara multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Proporsi kejadian obesitas pada anggota polisi laki-laki di Kepolisian Resort X sebanyak 76%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status pernikahan, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan lemak, dan asupan serat terhadap kejadian obesitas sentral pada anggota polisi. Sementara itu, tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara usia, riwayat obesitas, tingkat pendidikan, pangkat pekerjaan, durasi tidur, tingkat stress, dan asupan protein terhadap kejadian obesitas sentral. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi berkontribusi besar terhadap kejadian obesitas sentral dengan OR = 26,276 (95% CI: 8,191 – 84,290) yang berarti asupan energi berlebih dapat meningkatkan risiko obesitas sentral sebesar 26,2 kali daripada responden dengan tingkat asupan karbohidrat yang cukup.
Central obesity is the accumulation of fat in the abdominal part of the body which is associated with various health problems, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factors associated with central obesity toward male police officers at Resort X Police. This research used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 150 people using a simple random sampling method which conducted at Police Resort X East Java in May-June 2024. This research processed primary data obtained from anthropometric measurements and interviews. Data were analyzed bivariately using the chi-square test and multivariately using multiple logistic regression. The proportion of obesity among male police officers at Resort X Police is 76%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between marital status, physical activity, smoking habits, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and fiber intake toward central obesity among police officers. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between age, history of obesity, education level, job rank, sleep duration, stress level, and protein intake on the incidence of central obesity. On the other hand, based on multivariate analysis, it shows that carbohydrate intake contributes greatly to the occurence of central obesity with OR = 26,276 (95% CI: 8,191 – 84,290) which means that excessive carbohydrate intake can increase the risk of central obesity by 26,27 times compared to respondents with sufficient levels of carbohydrate intake. Keywords: Central Obesity; Sociodemography; Lifestyle; Nutritional Intake; Police
