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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can kills almost 1,5 million humans every year. Tuberculosis is a disease that attacks the lung frequently. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. in 2020, DKI Jakarta Province, the capital city of Indonesia, was the second rank with the highest tuberculosis, that was 228 cases per 100.000 population. There are many factors that influence the incidence of tuberculosis, including socioeconomic factors, house and environmental condition factors, and lifestyle factors. The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status factors, house and environmental condition factors, and lifestyle factors with incidence of tuberculosis in DKI Jakarta Province in 2021. This research used Ecological study design with sub-district analysis unit in DKI Jakarta Province amounts 44. The data used are secondary data from DKI Jakarta Health Agency, DKI Jakarta Department of Population and Civil Registration, Central Statistics Agency, and Open Data from the DKI Jakarta Government. The data was displayed in a table to find out the magnitude of the incidence of tuberculosis. The results of the study indicate that socioeconomic factors, namely low levels of education are risk factors for the occurrence of Tuberculosis.
Malaria menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan terutama di wilayah tropis dan subtropis. menurut organisasi kesehatan dunia WHO, sekitar 249 juta kasus malaria dilaporkan di 85 negara endemik [1]. Kabupaten Banjarnegara merupakahn salah satu wilayah peringkat ketiga di Jawa tengah di wilayah dataran tinggi. Kejadian malaria dapat dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor, termasuk iklim seperti suhu, curah hujan dan kelembapan yang dapat memengaruhi dinamika populasi nyamuk Anpheles, yang merupakan vektor utama malaria. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana faktor iklim dan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara selama periode 2014-2024. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan time-trend analisis. Data kejadian malaria di Indonesia, serta data iklim dari Dinas Kesehatan Banjarnegara, dan BMKG dan POWER NASA. Data diolah menggunakan teknik korelasi dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis bivariat suhu udara menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih stabil dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap peningkatan kasus malaria. Korelasi paling kuat dan signifikan ditemukan pada tahun 2018 (r = 0,646; p = 0,014), dengan uji Pearson. Analisis multivariat nilai (B = 2.381). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,239 menunjukkan bahwa model dapat menjelaskan sekitar 23.9% variasi kejadian malaria. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa setiap kenaikan suhu sebesar 1°C berkorelasi dengan peningkatan rata-rata 2,38 kasus malaria per bulan. Hasil ini mencerminkan bahwa meskipun faktor iklim memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian malaria, masih terdapat faktor lain di luar model yang turut memengaruhi.
Kata kunci:
Curah Hujan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Kelembapan Relatif, Malaria, Suhu.
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 249 million malaria cases were reported across 85 endemic countries. Banjarnegara Regency, located in a highland area, ranks third in malaria incidence in Central Java. Malaria transmission is influenced by various factors, including climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity, which affect the population dynamics of Anopheles mosquitoes—the primary vectors of malaria. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climatic factors and malaria incidence in Banjarnegara Regency from 2014 to 2024. An ecological study design with a time-trend analytical approach was employed. Malaria incidence data were obtained from the Banjarnegara Health Office, while climate data were sourced from the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) and NASA POWER. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression techniques. Bivariate analysis showed that air temperature had a more stable and statistically significant association with malaria cases. The strongest and most significant correlation was observed in 2018 (r = 0.646; p = 0.014) using Pearson’s test. In multivariate analysis, the regression coefficient (B = 2.381) and the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.239) indicated that the model explains approximately 23.9% of the variation in malaria incidence. This suggests that each 1°C increase in temperature is associated with an average increase of 2.38 malaria cases per month. These findings highlight that while climatic factors contribute to malaria incidence, other factors beyond the model also play a significant role. Keywords: Banjarnegara Regency, Malaria, Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Temperature. Correspondence Syifa Rifqa Ainur Rahmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: syifarifqa.a.r@gmail.com Mobile: 081380376644
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Indonesia ranks second among countries with the highest TB burden. Bogor Regency had the highest number of TB cases in West Java in 2023. Objective: To determine the correlation between healthcare service factors and individual factors with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 20 sub-districts of Bogor Regency during 2023 – 2024. Methods: This study employed an ecological study design, with a sample of 20 sub-districts in Bogor Regency. Secondary data were obtained from the Bogor Regency Health Office and the Bogor Regency Central Bureau of Statistics. Results: The variable that showed a significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary TB were treatment coverage in Bogor Regency (p = 0,000; r = 0,978), as well as treatment success rate in Leuwiliang sub-district (p = 0,004; r = 0,696), Kemang (p = 0,036; r = -0,543), and Jasinga (p = 0,038; r = -0,540). There was no significant correlation between the incidence rate and age or gender proportion (p>0,05). Conclusion: The Bogor Regency Health Office is advised to evaluate case-finding methods, strengthen TB reporting by health facilities, conduct education on the importance of completing treatment, and enhance interventions targeting at-risk groups.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis is one of the health problems in the world, including in Indonesia and it is related to the environment. This study aims to study the relationship between healthy home coverage, household PHBS coverage, health facilities, and population density in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Bogor Regency in 2018-2020. The research was conducted with an ecological study design on a population of as many as 40 sub - districts in Bogor District. The result of this research is the variable of a significant relation with pulmonary tuberculosis was health facilities, with strong relation and positive pattern correlation (r = 0.564). The population density variable was also significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, with medium relation and positive pattern correlation (r = 0.393). Meanwhile the variables of healthy home coverage and PHBS household coverage do not have a significant correlation with pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control program, especially in sub-districts with a high number of cases
