Ditemukan 33362 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Fitria; Pembimbing: Masyitoh Bashabih; Penguji: Amal Chalik Sjaaf, M. Baharuddin
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi angka kejadian dan faktor risiko VAP serta kaitannya dengan upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan di pelayanan kesehatan terutama rumah sakait. Pencarian studi pustaka menggunakan basis data PubMed, ProQuest, AJRCCM, Springer Link , Science Direct, Garuda RisetBRIN antara tahun 2011-2021. Studi memiliki fokus penelitian faktor penyebab infeksi Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) di unit perawatan Intensive (ICU). Terdapat 18 studi yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor risiko penyebab VAP yang diidentifikasi yaitu usia pasien, jenis kelamin laki-laki, gaya hidup (obesitas, merokok, alkoholism), penyakit komorbida, Trakeostomi, Intubasi, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR), durasi penggunaan ventilator, dan lama hari rawat.
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S-10825
Depok : FKM UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ema Suryani; Pembimbing: Zakianis; Ririn Arminsih; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Satria Pratama, Fachrudin Ali Achmad
Abstrak:
Ventilator mekanik merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting dan banyak digunakan bagi perawatan pasien kritis di Intensif Care Unit (ICU). Lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik merupakan salah satu faktor penting penyebab VAP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik dengan kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) di ICU RSUD Tarakan Jakarta tahun 2014 2017 Jenis peneltian analitik, desain penelitian studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Metode pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling dengan cara observasi catatan medik pasien yang memakai ventilator mekanik minimal 48 jam dan dirawat minimal 3 hari di ruang ICU RSUD Tarakan Jakarta Tahun 2014 2017 dan sampel berjumlah 106 sampel. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square, t-test independent, dan regresi logistik. Prevalensi Kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) sebesar 17,9%. Lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik dan lama perawatan secara statistik menunjukkan berhubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian VAP. Sedangkan variabel umur, penyakit yang mendasari, posisi tidur, pembedahan dan pemberian antibiotik secara statistik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh bahwa variabel lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian VAP, dengan OR=5,265 (95% CI: 1,084-25,548)
Mechanical ventilator is one of the important aspects and frequently used for treatment of critical patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The duration for using mechanical ventilator is important factors caused VAP. This research aimed to find the correlation between duration of mechanical ventilator use and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) case in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta 2014 2017. This was an analitic research with observational study (cross-sectional design). Sampling method used consecutive sampling by observed medical records of patients who used mechanical ventilator at least 48 hours and treated at least 3 days in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta January 2014 December 2017, as many as 106 sampels. Data was analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression. Prevalention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was about 17,9%. Duration of mechanical ventilator use and duration of treatment had significant correlation to VAP. While age, basic disease, sleep position, surgery and antibiotic treatment insignificant to VAP. Multivariate analysis showed that duration of mechanical ventilators use variable was the most dominant variable related to VAP OR=5,265 (95% CI: 1,084-25,548)
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Mechanical ventilator is one of the important aspects and frequently used for treatment of critical patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The duration for using mechanical ventilator is important factors caused VAP. This research aimed to find the correlation between duration of mechanical ventilator use and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) case in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta 2014 2017. This was an analitic research with observational study (cross-sectional design). Sampling method used consecutive sampling by observed medical records of patients who used mechanical ventilator at least 48 hours and treated at least 3 days in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta January 2014 December 2017, as many as 106 sampels. Data was analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression. Prevalention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was about 17,9%. Duration of mechanical ventilator use and duration of treatment had significant correlation to VAP. While age, basic disease, sleep position, surgery and antibiotic treatment insignificant to VAP. Multivariate analysis showed that duration of mechanical ventilators use variable was the most dominant variable related to VAP OR=5,265 (95% CI: 1,084-25,548)
T-5509
Depok : FKM UI, 2019
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Soepartono; Pembimbing: Adik Wibowo; Penguji: Wahyu Sulistiadi, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Susilawati A. Bolang, Aditya Ganggaiswari
Abstrak:
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Rumah sakit adalah institusi kesehatan yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien dan merupakan tempat berkumpulnya berbagai pasien dengan masalah medis masing-masing, sehingga transmisi penyakit menular antar pasien, tenaga kesehatan ke pasien dan juga lingkungan ke pasien, merupakan masalah yang harus dikendalikan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya underreported kasus VAP, pelaksanaan surveilans VAP, serta implementasi VAP bundle di Rumah Sakit S, karena proses surveilans, serta implementasi VAP bundle merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam rangka menurunkan angka kejadian VAP. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional kualitatif dengan menggunakan data deskriptif dari 96 pasien dengan hasil kultur sputum positif periode perawatan Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2018 sebagai data awal penelitian. Dari hasil telaah dokumen rekam medis pada pasien dengan riwayat pemakaian ventilator dengan hasil kultur kuman pada sediaan dahak dan bilasan bronkus yang positif, dari 96 sampel yang diperiksa ternyata ditemukan 40 pasien memiliki sampel sputum positif lebih dari satu sampel, sehingga dilakukan eksklusi menjadi 56 sampel, dari 56 sampel ini ditemukan 5 kasus terduga VAP. Berdasarkan hasil FGD dan wawancara mendalam serta penelusuran akar masalah dengan diagram fishbone ditemukan kebijakan surveilans VAP dan implementasi VAP bundle yang belum terperinci dan belum adanya SOP yang terintegrasi, adanya faktor sumber daya manusia berupa kurangnya kedisiplinan dan belum adanya sistem audit yang menjamin validitas surveilans yang dilakukan serta keseragaman kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang diterima. Dengan metode PDCA, peneliti merumuskan rencana kerja yang dapat digunakan manajemen rumah sakit yakni dengan pembaharuan dari sisi kebijakan pencegahan dan pengendalian VAP, perbaikan dan penyempurnaan SOP yang berkaitan dengan surveilans dan implementasi VAP bundle, mengembangkan sistem audit surveilans VAP dan audit implementasi VAP bundle, pengembangan sistem edukasi berkala untuk memastikan terdapat persamaan tingkat pemahaman pada tingkat pelaksana kebijakan dan evaluasi secara menyeluruh atas kebijakan dan SOP.
Hospitals are health institutions that provide health services for patients, thus transmission of infectious diseases in hospital must be controlled. Study was conducted to determine whether or not there were underreported cases of VAP. This research is a qualitative observational study with descriptive data from 96 patients with positive sputum culture results from January - December 2018 as initial data. It was found from a review of medical record documents of patients with ventilator usage history that there were 5 cases of VAP. Based on FGD results, in-depth interviews, and fishbone diagram, it was found that VAP surveillance policy and implementation of VAP bundle were not detailed, there was no integrated SOP, human resource factors such as lack of discipline and no audit system that guaranteed the validity of surveillance and uniformity of health services quality. With PDCA method, researcher formulated a workframe, namely updating the policy for prevention and control of VAP, improvement and refinement of SOPs related to surveillance and implementation of VAP bundles, developing VAP surveillance and VAP bundle audit system, developing educational systems periodically to ensure a common level of understanding at the level of policy implementers and a comprehensive evaluation of policies and SOPs.
B-2149
Depok : FKM-UI, 2020
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ardita Sofyani; Pembimbing: Hasbullah Thabrany; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Rumiyatun
Abstrak:
Infeksi nosokomial merupakan infeksi yang didapat pasien di rumah sakit. Infeksi ini dapat terjadi akibat kuman dari pasien lain ataupun dari lingkungan berpindah melalui tangan perawat pada saat perawat melaksanakan berbagai asuhan keperawatan pada pasien. Infeksi nosokomial akan memperparah kondisi pasien, memperpanjang hari rawat pasien, bahkan sampai menjadi penyebab kematian. Pasien di ruang ICU turut terkena risiko infeksi nosokomial. Ruang ICU sebagai salah satu tempat untuk menangani pasien yang memerlukan pelayanan intensif ditempati oleh pasien yang butuh perawatan total. Daya tahan tubuh pasien ICU tidak sebaik daya tahan tubuh pasien yang tidak memerlukan perawatan total. Oleh karena itu pasien ICU lebih rentan terhadap infeksi. Hand hygiene merupakan salah satu tindakan yang mudah dan efektif untuk penurunan infeksi nosokomial. Infeksi nosokomial memiliki keterkaitan langsung dengan pemenuhan pelaksanaan hand hygiene. Pelaksanaan hand hygiene yang sesuai dengan teknik dan waktu yang telah ditentukan akan menurunkan insiden infeksi nosokomial. Namun sayangnya, pemenuhan pelaksanaan hand hygiene oleh petugas kesehatan masih tergolong rendah. Masih ditemukannya kejadian infeksi nosokomial di Rumah Sakit MH. Thamrin Salemba mengindikasikan hand hygiene petugas kesehatannya belum berjalan sesuai prosedur. Dari hasil observasi di ruang ICU ditemukan bahwa rata – rata pemenuhan hand hygiene oleh perawat yang bertugas di ICU Rumah Sakit MH. Thamrin Salemba baru mencapai 48%. Peneliti ingin mengetahui persepsi perawat mengenai faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi pemenuhan pelaksanaan hand hygiene di ICU Rumah Sakit MH. Thamrin Salemba. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk menggali lebih jauh persepsi perawat mengenai faktor – faktor pemenuhan pelaksanaan hand hygiene. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapat dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan hasil observasi penelitian pendahuluan dan data sekunder diperoleh dari data SDM perawat Rumah Sakit MH. Thamrin Salemba. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui persepsi perawat mengenai faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi pemenuhan hand hygiene di ICU Rumah Sakit MH. Thamrin Salemba adalah faktor kurangnya pengetahuan perawat mengenai teknik dan lima waktu pelaksanaan hand hygiene, beban kerja perawat yang lebih tinggi dan kekurangan tenaga, masih kurangnya jumlah wastafel dan letaknya yang jauh. Alasan lainnya yaitu saat manangani kondisi darurat, perawat merasa prosedur hand hygiene merepotkan, faktor malas, air yang mati atau keran yang rusak. Beberapa dari faktor di atas sesuai juga dengan hasil yang ditemukan penelitianterdahulu terkait topik ini. Untuk itu, sebaiknya pihak rumah sakit kembali melaksanakan program penyegaran untuk perawat agar pengetahuan perawat dan kesadaran akan pentingnya hand hygiene dapat meningkat. Selain itu, perlu adanya penambahan jumlah wastafel seperti yang diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan mengenai Standar Pelayanan ICU. Menambah jumlah perawat atau tetap mempertahankan sistem subtitusi perawat dengan kemampuan sama dalam menangani pasien intensif, namun lebih mematangkan sistemnya. Kepala ICU mengingatkan perawat agar tetap tenang saat kondisi darurat dan selalu menyediakan alkohol hand rubbing di dalam kantong.
Nosocomial infections are infections acquired in hospital patients. These infections can occur due to germs from other patients or from the environment can be transferred through the hands of nurses at the variety of nursing care to patients. Nosocomial infections will exacerbate the patient's condition, extending the day care of patients, even to the cause of death. Patients in the ICU also exposed to the risk of nosocomial infection. ICU is a place for patients who need intensive care and total care. ICU patient's immune system is certainly not as good as the patient's immune system does not require total care. ICU patients therefore more susceptible to infection. Hand hygiene is the one of easy and effective measures to decrease nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections have a direct connection with the implementation of hand hygiene compliance. Implementation of appropriate hand hygiene techniques and the time allowed will reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. But unfortunately, the implementation of hand hygiene compliance by healthcare workers is still low. The incidence of nosocomial infections is still found at MH Hospital. Thamrin Salemba. It indicates hand hygiene of health workers has not been appropriate to the procedure. From the observation in the ICU was found that the average of hand hygiene compliance by nurses who worked in the ICU MH. Salemba Thamrin Hospital only reached 48%. Researchers want to know nurses’perception about the factors that affect the implementation of hand hygiene compliance in ICU MH. Thamrin Salemba hospital. Researchers using qualitative research methods to explore further nurses’ perception about the factors in implementation of hand hygiene compliance. In this study, researchers used the primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from in-depth interviews and the results of preliminary research observations. The secondary data obtained from Human Resources data. From the results of research known nurses’ perception about the factors that influence hand hygiene in ICU MH. Thamrin Salemba Hospital. Nurses’ perception about factors in hand hygiene practice compliance are lack of knowledge of nurses regarding the implementation of the technique and five moments for hand hygiene, nursing workload and lack of higher power, insufficient numbers of the sink and the remoteness. Another reason are when emergencies situation, nurses feeling of involute hand hygiene procedure, lazy factor, die or tap water damaged. Therefore, we recommend the hospital to re-implement hand hygiene program for nurses so that the nurse's knowledge and awareness of the hand hygiene importance can be improved. In addition, the need for addition of sinks based on rules in the Decree of the Minister of Health on Service Standards of ICU. Increase the number of nurses or hospital still uses nurse subtitution system, but hospital should make the system better. ICU head remind the nurses to keep calm during emergency conditions and always provides a handrubbing alcohol inside the pocket
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Nosocomial infections are infections acquired in hospital patients. These infections can occur due to germs from other patients or from the environment can be transferred through the hands of nurses at the variety of nursing care to patients. Nosocomial infections will exacerbate the patient's condition, extending the day care of patients, even to the cause of death. Patients in the ICU also exposed to the risk of nosocomial infection. ICU is a place for patients who need intensive care and total care. ICU patient's immune system is certainly not as good as the patient's immune system does not require total care. ICU patients therefore more susceptible to infection.
S-7427
Depok : FKM-UI, 2012
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Andito Yahya Utomo; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Purnawan Junaidi, Novita Dwi Istanti
Abstrak:
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Pandemi COVID-19 membawa percepatan dalam perkembangan teknologi kesehatan dan bersamaan dengan momentum tersebut, Indonesia berencana melakukan transformasi digital pada bidang teknologi kesehatan dengan mengembangkan Citizen Health App (CHA) yang berfungsi menyimpan data kesehatan pribadi (PHR). Namun, kegagalan implementasi PHR adalah karena aplikasi yang dikembangkan umumnya berfokus kepada provider bukan pasien atau penggunanya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman pasien atau pengguna dalam memakai PHR serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan penerimaan PHR. Penelitian menggunakan metode scoping review dengan basis data yang berasal dari PubMed, Scopus, Sage Journal, dan EBSCOhost. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah aplikasi PHR digunakan untuk mengakses riwayat rekam medis, melihat hasil tes/lab, berkomunikasi dengan tenaga atau fasilitas kesehatan, memenuhi keperluannya terkait obat-obatan, melakukan pengaturan janji temu, mengisi informasi kesehatan pribadinya, mengakses layanan emergensi, mengunduh data, navigasi kepada fasilitas kesehatan, mengevaluasi fasilitas atau pelayanan kesehatan, dan mengisi kesaksian terhadap donasi organ. Sedangkan, faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan penerimaan aplikasi PHR, adalah faktor kepercayaan, keamanan, dan privasi, pengaruh sosial, efektivitas aplikasi, kesehatan, teknis, dan pengguna. Perancangan arsitektur PHR perlu memaksimalkan fungsionalitasnya dan upaya peningkatan penerimaan dapat dilakukan dengan mempromosikan fitur, fungsi, dan manfaat penggunaan PHR.
COVID-19 Pandemic accelerate the development of health technologies and with that momentum, Indonesia plans to digitally transform their healthcare technology sector by developing a Citizen Health App (CHA) which acts as personal health record (PHR). However, failure to implement PHR is caused by the app developed, generally focused on the providers, not the patient nor user. This study aims to explore patient or user’s experience in using PHR as well as to identify factors related to acceptance of the app itself. The study was conducted using scoping review by utilizing online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Sage Journal, and EBSCOhost. Results obtained are PHR is used to access medical record history, see test/lab result, communicate with health practitioners or providers, fulfill needs related to medication, book appointments, fill the user’s health information, access emergency care, download data, navigate to healthcare facilities, evaluate health facilities and services, and organ donation testament. Meanwhile, factors related to the acceptance of PHR are trust, safety, and privacy, social influence, application effectiveness, health, technical, and user’s factor. Designing PHR needs to maximize its functionality, also efforts to increase acceptance can be done by promoting the features, functions, and the benefits of using PHR
S-11267
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rita Warsihayati D; Pembimbing: Suprijanto Rijadi; Penguji: Sumarti, Indang Trihandini, Enny Budijani, Ratna Sarti
Abstrak:
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Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian anak umur di bawah 5 tahun. Perkiraan kematian yang disebabkan batuk dan nafas cepat sebesar 6 permil. Program pemberantasan penyakit ISPA diupayakan untuk mengurangi kematian karena pneumonia. Penatalaksanaan kasus pneumonia oleh petugas menggunakan tata laksanana ISPA. Keberhasilan upaya program P2 ISPA merupakan daya ungkit penurunan kematian karena ISPA.. Secara teori target penemuan kasus pneumonia adalah 10 % dari jumlah balita. Penemuan kasus pneumonia didukung oleh tenaga kesehatan terlatih penatalaksanaan ISPA dan sarana penemuan kasus pneumonia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia di Puskesmas, diantaranya faktor tenaga, sarana dan manajemen.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 33 puskesmas atau total populasi di Kabupaten Bekasi. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner dan data sekunder dari data hasil cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia tahun 2001. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan komputer menggunakan perangkat lunak Epi Info dan perangkat lunak statistik lainnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia di 75,8 % puskesmas adalah kurang. Secara proporsional faktor tenaga yang kurang, berada pada puskesmas dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia kurang. Begitu pula faktor sarana yang kurang, berada pada puskesmas dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia yang kurang. Sementara faktor manajemen, bila dilihat satu per satu yaitu pembuatan rencana kerja tahunan, staff meeting, bimbingan teknis dan evaluasi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia.Penelitian ini hendaknya dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan penajaman kuesioner atau observasi serta melihat faktor lain melalui pendekatan individu sehingga didapatkan gambaran yang utuh mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan cakupan penemuan kasus pneumonia.
Correlation Factors of Number of Pneumonia Case Finding in Public Health Center in Bekasi District for year 2001Pneumonia is the one of cause of death in under five children. The estimated of death caused by cough and rapid breath are sixth per miles. The Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Program is an effort to reduce of death caused by pneumonia. The management of pneumonia by health worker is using the management of ARI. The aim of ARI Program is to decrease the death caused by ARI. Theoretically, the target of pneumonia case finding is 10 % from the number of under five children. The pneumonia case finding is done by specially trainee health workers in ARI management. The aim of this research is to know about the factors correlated with the number of pneumonia case finding in public health center, including human factor, equipment factor and management factor.The research is designed with descriptive analysis by cross sectional on 33 Public Health Center (PHC) as samples which are similar with total PHC District Bekasi. Primary data was collected trough interviewing respondent with questioner; secondary data was collected from annual report of the number of pneumonia case finding in Bekasi District 2001. The data was analyzed using to Epi Info software and related statistical software.The result of this research indicated that the prevalence of pneumonia found in PHC 75,8 % was considered as under reported. Proportionally, it trained health worker shows that the lower the number of pneumonia case found in PHC. Also, PHC having less equipment has lower number of pneumonia case found. Analysis on individual management factors including annual planning, staff meeting, technical assistance, and evaluation, shows no impact on the number of pneumonia case finding.This research must be followed up by qualitative research using more accurate questioner or observation and other factors with individual approach to get the complete picture about factors correlated with the number of pneumonia case finding.
T-1330
Depok : FKM-UI, 2002
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aan Syukrona; Pembimbing: Suprijanto Rijadi; Penguji: Ronnie Rivany, Atik Nurwahyuni, Chita Septiawati
T-4192
Depok : FKM-UI, 2014
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Shabrina Mumtazah; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Adang Bachtiar, Anwar Fachry
Abstrak:
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Penyandang disabilitas di dunia mengalami kesulitan hingga enam kali lipat lebih tinggi dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa disabilitas. Salah satu hambatannya adalah sikap petugas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sikap petugas kesehatan terhadap penyandang disabilitas dan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sikap tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode scoping review dengan memanfaatkan basis data PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost, dan SAGE dengan total artikel sebanyak 12 studi berupa 6 pendekatan kuantitatif dan 6 kualitatif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan sikap tenaga kesehatan terhadap penyandang disabilitas beragam dari berbagai dimensi sikap (kognitif, afektif, dan konatif). Sikap-sikap yang negatif antara lain 1) Kognitif, berupa bias implisit dan stereotip yang kerap terjadi terutama dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal. 2) Afektif, berupa ketidaknyamanan, overprotective, dan kurangnya percaya dalam memberikan pelayanan yang adil. 3) Konatif, berupa pembuatan keputusan tanpa pertimbangan pasien, penolakan pengobatan, dan penggunaan bahasa ableist. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sikap negatif tenaga kesehatan yaitu pengetahuan dan frekuensi kontak yang rendah, kualitas hubungan yang buruk, tidak adanya relasi dengan penyandang disabilitas, praktik mandiri, lama bekerja lebih dari 20 tahun, usia tua, laki-laki, ras asia, tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan yang rendah; orientasi politik konservatif, infrastruktur dan organisasi yang tidak sistematis, dan tidak adanya pengalaman.
People with disabilities (PWDs) around the world face a six times higher difficulty in accessing healthcare services compared to those without disabilities. One of the obstacles is the attitude of healthcare workers. This research was aimed to identify the attitudes and factors related to attitudes of healthcare workers towards PWDs. The research used a scoping review method using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost, and SAGE databases with a total of 12 studies, comprising 6 quantitative and 6 qualitative approaches. The findings of the research showed diverse attitudes of healthcare workers towards PWDs across various attitude dimensions inlcluding cognitive, affective, and conative. Negative attitudes include: 1) Cognitive: biases and stereotypes, which are particularly evident in maternal healthcare services; 2) Affective: discomfort, overprotectiveness, and a lack of trust in providing equitable care; and 3) Conative: decision-making which decides without patients' consideration, treatment refusal, and the use of ableist language. The factors related to the negative healthcare workers attitudes include insufficient knowledge and infrequent contact, bad relationship quality, lack of interaction, independent practice, working for more than 20 years, older age, male, Asian race, lower education and income levels, conservative political orientation, lack of systematic infrastructure and organization, and no personal experience.
S-11385
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Septa Ryan Ellandi; Pembimbing: Masyitoh; Penguji: Septiara Putri, Puji Triastuti
Abstrak:
Keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit masih menjadi isu krusial yang mendunia, karena rumah sakit merupakan institusi jasa pelayanan yang mengupayakan kesembuhan pasien. Maka keselamatan pasien menjadi suatu keniscayaan, diharapkan tidak terjadi insiden keselamatan pasien (zero insiden). Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan peningkatan angka insiden di rumah sakit adalah dengan memanfaatkan sistem pelaporan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit di Indonesia beserta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, ditinjau dari faktor individu, organisasi, dan pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah didapatkannya informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang brpengaruh terhadap pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan basis data Garuda Kemendikbud, Rama Kemendikbud, Directory of Open Acces Journals (DOAJ), Library UI, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, dan Scopus. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rumah sakit di Indonesia sudah memiliki regulasi yang mengatur mengenai pelaporan insiden kselamatan pasien. Sistem pelaporan yang digunakan masih berbasis manual, dan praktik pelaporan belum bisa dikatakan sukses karena masih adanya budaya menghukum, jaminan kerahasiaan pelapor masih diragukan, pelaporan belum tepat waktu, dan umpan balik masi minim. Dari hasil penelitian juga diperoleh faktor yang dapat memengaruhi pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit adalah faktor individu (pengetahuan, ketakutan, beban kerja, dan motivasi), faktor organisasi (umpan balik, sistem pelaporan, kerahasiaan, sosialisasi dan pelatihan, serta budaya keselamatan), dan faktor pemerintah dalam hal kebijakan.
Patient safety in hospitals is still a crucial issue worldwide, because hospitals are service institutions that seek to cure patients. So patient safety becomes a necessity, it is hoped that there will be no patient safety incidents (zero incidents). One way to control the increasing number of incidents in hospitals is to utilize a reporting system. This study discusses the description of patient safety incident reporting in hospitals in Indonesia and the factors that influence it, in terms of individual, organizational, and government factors. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the factors that influence the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals in Indonesia. This study uses a literature review method with the Garuda Ministry of Education and Culture database, Rama Kemendikbud, Directory of Open Acces Journals (DOAJ), UI Library, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus. The results showed that hospitals in Indonesia already have regulations governing patient safety incident reporting. The reporting system used is still manual-based, and reporting practices cannot be said to be successful because there is still a punitive culture, guarantees for the confidentiality of whistleblowers are still in doubt, reporting is not timely, and feedback is still minimal. From the results of the study, it was also found that the factors that can affect the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals are individual factors (knowledge, fear, workload, and motivation), organizational factors (feedback, reporting systems, confidentiality, socialization and training, and safety culture), and government factors in terms of policy
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Patient safety in hospitals is still a crucial issue worldwide, because hospitals are service institutions that seek to cure patients. So patient safety becomes a necessity, it is hoped that there will be no patient safety incidents (zero incidents). One way to control the increasing number of incidents in hospitals is to utilize a reporting system. This study discusses the description of patient safety incident reporting in hospitals in Indonesia and the factors that influence it, in terms of individual, organizational, and government factors. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the factors that influence the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals in Indonesia. This study uses a literature review method with the Garuda Ministry of Education and Culture database, Rama Kemendikbud, Directory of Open Acces Journals (DOAJ), UI Library, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus. The results showed that hospitals in Indonesia already have regulations governing patient safety incident reporting. The reporting system used is still manual-based, and reporting practices cannot be said to be successful because there is still a punitive culture, guarantees for the confidentiality of whistleblowers are still in doubt, reporting is not timely, and feedback is still minimal. From the results of the study, it was also found that the factors that can affect the reporting of patient safety incidents in hospitals are individual factors (knowledge, fear, workload, and motivation), organizational factors (feedback, reporting systems, confidentiality, socialization and training, and safety culture), and government factors in terms of policy
S-10892
Depok : FKMUI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ruswati; Pembimbing: Helen Andriani; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Tetriadi
Abstrak:
Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) saat ini masih sangat tinggi dan menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan global. Tingginya angka kematian ibu di beberapa negara di dunia khususnya negara berkembang mencerminkan jika akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas sangat rendah. Menurut Thaddeus dan Maine terdapat tiga faktor yang memengaruhi kematian pada ibu dan dikenal dengan model Three Delays. Salah satu contoh dari ketiga faktor tersebut yaitu adanya keterlambatan rujukan yang dialami oleh maternal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keterlambatan proses rujukan pada maternal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu literature review dengan menggunakan database Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Garuda, dan Google Scholar menghasilkan 16 artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi yakni artikel sepuluh tahun terakhir, membahas mengenai faktor-faktor penghambat rujukan pada maternal, serta artikel dengan metode kuantitatif, kualitatif maupun mix-method. Hasil penelitian diketahui jika terdapat faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keterlambatan proses rujukan maternal yang dibagi menjadi 3 faktor besar yaitu faktor sosioekonomi dan budaya, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dan kualitas pelayanan dan perawatan. Faktor sosioekonomi dan budaya yaitu faktor yang melekat pada ibu maupun budaya yang ada di masyarakat. Jarak dan waktu tempuh, permasalahan transportasi, dan biaya merupakan faktor dari segi aksesibilitas. Lalu untuk faktor kulitas perawatan dan pelayanan yang memengaruhi yaitu staf, sarana dan prasarana di fasilitas kesehatan, dan manajemen tidak memadai. Berdasarkan hasil studi terinklusi semua faktor-faktor tersebut mayoritas ditemukan pada artikel yang didapatkan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya penguatan sistem rujukan pada masing-masing stakeholder terkait.
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is currently very high and is a global health problem. The high maternal mortality rate in several countries, especially developing countries, reflects that people's access to quality health services is deficient. According to Thaddeus and Maine, three factors influence maternal mortality and are known as the Three Delays model. One example of these three factors is the delay in referrals experienced by the mother. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the delay in the referral process to the mother. The method used is a literature review using the Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Garuda, and Google Scholar databases producing 16 articles according to the inclusion criteria, namely articles in the last ten years, discussing factors that inhibit maternal referrals, as well as articles using quantitative, qualitative and qualitative methods, and mix-method. The results showed that there are factors that affect the delay in the maternal referral process, which are divided into 3 significant factors, namely socio-economic and cultural factors, accessibility of health services, and quality of services and care. Socio-economic and cultural factors are factors that are inherent in the mother and the culture that exists in society. Distance and travel time, transportation problems, and costs are factors in terms of accessibility. Then for the quality of care and service factors that affect the staff, facilities and infrastructure in health facilities, and inadequate management. Based on the included studies' results, most of these factors were found in the articles obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the referral system for each relevant stakeholder.
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The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is currently very high and is a global health problem. The high maternal mortality rate in several countries, especially developing countries, reflects that people's access to quality health services is deficient. According to Thaddeus and Maine, three factors influence maternal mortality and are known as the Three Delays model. One example of these three factors is the delay in referrals experienced by the mother. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the delay in the referral process to the mother. The method used is a literature review using the Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Garuda, and Google Scholar databases producing 16 articles according to the inclusion criteria, namely articles in the last ten years, discussing factors that inhibit maternal referrals, as well as articles using quantitative, qualitative and qualitative methods, and mix-method. The results showed that there are factors that affect the delay in the maternal referral process, which are divided into 3 significant factors, namely socio-economic and cultural factors, accessibility of health services, and quality of services and care. Socio-economic and cultural factors are factors that are inherent in the mother and the culture that exists in society. Distance and travel time, transportation problems, and costs are factors in terms of accessibility. Then for the quality of care and service factors that affect the staff, facilities and infrastructure in health facilities, and inadequate management. Based on the included studies' results, most of these factors were found in the articles obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the referral system for each relevant stakeholder.
S-10985
Depok : FKMUI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉