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Rizsa Fauziah Ichwani; Pembimbing: Ema Hermawati; Penguji: Zakianis,Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Hasnawati Amqam, Nur Dian Rakhmawati
Abstrak:
Kasus pneumonia sampai saat ini masih menempati posisi pertama sebagai penyakit menular yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada balita di Indonesia. Kota Semarang dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir belum menunjukkan adanya penurunan tren kasus pneumonia balita berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Faktor iklim menjadi salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kerentanan pada host dan menghadirkan kondisi lingkungan yang mendukung patogen pneumonia untuk bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara paparan variabilitas iklim (lama penyinaran matahari, suhu udara rata-rata, kelembaban relatif, curah hujan dan kecepatan angin maksimum) terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita di Kota Semarang pada tahun 2012 – 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi deret waktu. Metode analisis meliputi univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder kasus pneumonia balita dan data iklim Kota Semarang tahun 2012-2021. Pada hasil univariat mendapati bahwa rata-rata kasus tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Maret. Analisis pada data iklim memperoleh hasil rata-rata lama penyinaran matahari tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Agustus. Suhu udara rata-rata tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Oktober. Kelembaban relatif tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari-Februari. Rata-rata curah hujan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari-Februari. Rata-rata kecepatan angin maksimum tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari. Uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) pada lag 0 kelembaban relatif (r = 0,212) dan curah hujan (r = 0,198); lag 1 lama penyinaran matahari (r = - 0,206), suhu udara rata-rata (r = - 0,382), kelembaban relatif (r = 0,336), curah hujan (r = 0,283); lag 2 lama penyinaran matahari (r = - 0,270), suhu udara rata-rata (r = - 0,332), kelembaban relatif (r = 0,282), curah hujan (r = 0,185); lag 3 lama penyinaran matahari (r = - 0,240), curah hujan (r = 0,195). Uji multivariat GAMs poisson memperoleh hasil bahwa lama penyinaran matahari (lag 0, 1 dan 3), suhu udara rata-rata (lag 1 dan 3), kelembaban relatif (lag 3), curah hujan (lag 1) dan kecepatan angin maksimum (lag 2) berpengaruh terhadap pneumonia balita di Kota Semarang (R2 = 0,558; RMSE = 6,94). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut penting bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap variabilitas iklim dan pada Dinas Kesehatan diharapkan dapat mempertimbangkan pola variabilitas iklim pada bulan-bulan yang menunjukkan adanya potensi peningkatan kasus pada perencanaan penanggulangan dan kegiatan surveilans pneumonia balita di Kota Semarang.
Until now, pneumonia cases still occupy the first position as an infectious disease that causes morbidity and mortality in children under five in Indonesia. The city of Semarang in the last 10 years has not shown a decrease in the trend of pneumonia cases under five based on the Semarang City Health Profile. Climatic factors are one of the risk factors that can affect the susceptibility of the host and present environmental conditions that support pneumonia pathogens to survive. This study aims to determine the correlation between exposure to climate variability (length of sunshine, average air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and maximum wind speed) on the incidence of pneumonia under five in Semarang City in 2012 – 2021. This study used an ecological study design. time series. Methods of analysis include univariate, bivariate and multivariate. This study uses secondary data on cases of pneumonia under five and the climate data of Semarang City in 2012-2021. The univariate results found that the highest average case occurred in March. Analysis of climate data obtained the result that the highest average length of sunshine occurred in August. The highest average air temperature occurs in October. The highest relative humidity occurs in January-February. The highest average rainfall occurs in January-February. The highest average maximum wind speed occurs in January. Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship (p < 0,05) at lag 0 relative humidity (r = 0.212) and rainfall (r = 0.198); lag 1 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.206), average air temperature (r = - 0.382), relative humidity (r = 0.336), rainfall (r = 0.283); lag 2 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.270), average air temperature (r = - 0.332), relative humidity (r = 0.282), rainfall (r = 0.185); lag 3 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.240), rainfall (r = 0.195). The multivariate test of GAMs Poisson obtained the results that the duration of sunlight (lags 0, 1 and 3), average air temperature (lags 1 and 3), relative humidity (lag 3), rainfall (lag 1) and maximum wind speed (lag 2) has an effect on pneumonia under five in the city of Semarang (R2 = 0.558; RMSE = 6.94). Based on these results, it is important for the community to increase awareness of climate variability and the Health Office is expected to consider the pattern of climate variability in the months that indicate a potential increase in cases in prevention planning and surveillance activities for pneumonia under five in Semarang City.
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Until now, pneumonia cases still occupy the first position as an infectious disease that causes morbidity and mortality in children under five in Indonesia. The city of Semarang in the last 10 years has not shown a decrease in the trend of pneumonia cases under five based on the Semarang City Health Profile. Climatic factors are one of the risk factors that can affect the susceptibility of the host and present environmental conditions that support pneumonia pathogens to survive. This study aims to determine the correlation between exposure to climate variability (length of sunshine, average air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and maximum wind speed) on the incidence of pneumonia under five in Semarang City in 2012 – 2021. This study used an ecological study design. time series. Methods of analysis include univariate, bivariate and multivariate. This study uses secondary data on cases of pneumonia under five and the climate data of Semarang City in 2012-2021. The univariate results found that the highest average case occurred in March. Analysis of climate data obtained the result that the highest average length of sunshine occurred in August. The highest average air temperature occurs in October. The highest relative humidity occurs in January-February. The highest average rainfall occurs in January-February. The highest average maximum wind speed occurs in January. Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship (p < 0,05) at lag 0 relative humidity (r = 0.212) and rainfall (r = 0.198); lag 1 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.206), average air temperature (r = - 0.382), relative humidity (r = 0.336), rainfall (r = 0.283); lag 2 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.270), average air temperature (r = - 0.332), relative humidity (r = 0.282), rainfall (r = 0.185); lag 3 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.240), rainfall (r = 0.195). The multivariate test of GAMs Poisson obtained the results that the duration of sunlight (lags 0, 1 and 3), average air temperature (lags 1 and 3), relative humidity (lag 3), rainfall (lag 1) and maximum wind speed (lag 2) has an effect on pneumonia under five in the city of Semarang (R2 = 0.558; RMSE = 6.94). Based on these results, it is important for the community to increase awareness of climate variability and the Health Office is expected to consider the pattern of climate variability in the months that indicate a potential increase in cases in prevention planning and surveillance activities for pneumonia under five in Semarang City.
T-6567
Depok : FKM UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ariefanny Nabila; Pembimbing: Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Zakianis, Aria Kusuma
Abstrak:
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Kondisi temperatur pesisir Jakarta yang terus meningkat akibat dampak dari perubahan iklim akan mempengaruhi penularan dan perkembangan penyakit, termasuk Tuberkulosis Paru. Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur memiliki jumlah kasus TB Paru tertinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan terus mengalami kenaikan kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi untuk menganalisis hubungan signifikan antara faktor mikro iklim dengan insiden TB Paru BTA (+). Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan adanya hubungan antara temperatur udara (lag 1: r= 0,1,93; lag 2: r= 0,289), kecepatan angin (lag 1: r= -0,139) dan curah hujan (lag 2: r= -0,173) dengan insiden TB Paru. Hasil analisis per bulan dan per tahun menunjukan hubungan antara faktor mikro iklim dengan insiden TB Paru BTA (+) pada periode musim basah. Faktor variabilitas mikro iklim dapat menggambarkan 0,8% dari insiden TB Paru BTA (+) yang sebenarnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan searah antara temperatur udara, kecepatan angin, tekanan udara dan curah hujan tinggi terhadap insiden TB Paru. Sementara itu curah hujan yang rendah dan kelembaban relatif memiliki hubungan berlawanan arah dengan insiden TB Paru. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan deteksi dini potensi peningkatan kasus TB Paru dengan indikator mikro iklim, serta memfokuskan pencegahan dan pengendalian TB Paru di musim basah.
The condition of Jakarta's coastal temperature which continues to increase due to the impact of climate change will affect the transmission and development of diseases, including Pulmonary Tuberculosis. East Jakarta Administrative City has the highest number of pulmonary TB cases in DKI Jakarta Province and continues to experience an increase in cases. This study used an ecological study design to analyze the significant relationship between microclimatic factors and the incidence of AFB (+) pulmonary TB. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a relationship between air temperature (lag 1: r= 0.1.93; lag 2: r= 0.289), wind speed (lag 1: r= -0.139) and rainfall (lag 2: r= - 0.173) with the incidence of pulmonary TB. The results of analysis per month and per year show the relationship between microclimatic factors and the incidence of AFB (+) pulmonary TB in the wet season period. The microclimate variability factor can describe 0.8% of the actual incident (+) Lung TB. The conclusion of this study is that there is a unidirectional relationship between air temperature, wind speed, air pressure and high rainfall on the incidence of pulmonary TB. Meanwhile, low rainfall and relative humidity have an opposite relationship with the incidence of pulmonary TB. Suggestions from this study are to develop early detection of the potential increase in pulmonary TB cases with microclimate indicators, and focus on prevention and control of pulmonary TB in the wet season.
S-11424
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ora Iring Hutasoit; Pembimbing: R. Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Al Asyary, Laila Fitria, Sugiarto, Rahmad Isa
Abstrak:
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Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dengan kondisi geografi curah hujan dan kelembaban yang tinggi. Penyakit malaria menginfeksi penduduk yang bermukim di daerah endemis, terutama di negara tropis dan subtropis. Angka kejadian malaria diperkirakan 41% atau sekitar 2.3 milyar di dunia. Jayapura merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan tingginya angka kejadian malaria. Kejadian ini didukung oleh posisi geografis dan topografi dominan berupa daerah rawa, hutan sagu, hutan, pegunungan dan pengaruh lingkungan seperti suhu, curah hujan dan kelembaban udara Studi ekologi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor iklim yang terdiri atas curah hujan kumulatif bulanan, suhu udara rata-rata bulanan dan kelembaban udara relatif rata-rata bulanan, terhadap jumlah kasus malaria bulanan yang terdapat di Kota Jayapura. Desain Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional dengan menggunakan studi ekologi berbasis ecologic time-trend design Berdasarkan bionomic nyamuk Anopheles spp dan hasil pengolahan data antara Iklim dan Kasus malaria di Kota Jayapura Tahun 2010- 2022 Studi ini menemukan bahwa curah hujan dan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura tahun 2010-2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan yang positif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2010 . suhu udara dan malaria di kota Jayapura Tahun 2010- 2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan yang positif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2010 dan 2011. Kelembaban relatif dan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura tahun 2010-2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan negatif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2011 dan 2015 sedangkan pada tahun 2013 dan 2014 memiliki hubungan kuat dan positif. Kesimpulan studi ekologi menemukan hubungan signifikan antara iklim dengan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dengan kondisi geografi curah hujan dan kelembaban yang tinggi. Penyakit malaria menginfeksi penduduk yang bermukim di daerah endemis, terutama di negara tropis dan subtropis. Angka kejadian malaria diperkirakan 41% atau sekitar 2.3 milyar di dunia. Jayapura merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan tingginya angka kejadian malaria. Kejadian ini didukung oleh posisi geografis dan topografi dominan berupa daerah rawa, hutan sagu, hutan, pegunungan dan pengaruh lingkungan seperti suhu, curah hujan dan kelembaban udara Studi ekologi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor iklim yang terdiri atas curah hujan kumulatif bulanan, suhu udara rata-rata bulanan dan kelembaban udara relatif rata-rata bulanan, terhadap jumlah kasus malaria bulanan yang terdapat di Kota Jayapura. Desain Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional dengan menggunakan studi ekologi berbasis ecologic time-trend design Berdasarkan bionomic nyamuk Anopheles spp dan hasil pengolahan data antara Iklim dan Kasus malaria di Kota Jayapura Tahun 2010- 2022 Studi ini menemukan bahwa curah hujan dan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura tahun 2010-2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan yang positif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2010 . suhu udara dan malaria di kota Jayapura Tahun 2010- 2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan yang positif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2010 dan 2011. Kelembaban relatif dan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura tahun 2010-2022 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan memiliki hubungan negatif pada lag 2 bulan di tahun 2011 dan 2015 sedangkan pada tahun 2013 dan 2014 memiliki hubungan kuat dan positif. Kesimpulan studi ekologi menemukan hubungan signifikan antara iklim dengan kejadian malaria di Kota Jayapura
Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia with its geography of high rainfall and humidity. Malaria infects people in endemic areas, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Malaria was estimated at 41% or around 2.3 billion in the world. Jayapura is one of the cities in Indonesia with a high incidence of malaria. This incidence was supported by geographical position and dominant topography in the form of swamp areas, sago forests, forests, mountains, and environmental influences such as temperature, rainfall, and air humidity. This ecological study aims to determine the effect of climatic factors of monthly cumulative rainfall, monthly average air temperature, and monthly average relative air humidity on the number of monthly malaria cases found in Jayapura City. The research design was observational, using an ecological study based on an ecological time-trend design. Based on the bionomic of Anopheles spp mosquitoes and the results of data processing between Climate and Malaria Cases in Jayapura City in 2010-2022, This study found that rainfall and malaria incidence in Jayapura City in 2010-2022 had a significant relationship and had a positive relationship on a 2-month lag in 2010. air temperature and malaria in Jayapura City in 2010-2022 had a significant and positive relationship on a 2-month lag in 2010 and 2011. Relative humidity and malaria incidence in Jayapura City in 2010-2022 had a significant relationship. They had an antagonistic relationship at 2-month lags in 2011 and 2015, while in 2013 and 2014, it had a solid and positive relationship. In conclusion, the ecological study found a significant relationship between climate and malaria incidence in Jayapura City.
T-6765
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hanifatun Nisa Ath Thoriqoh; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Budi Hartono, Ela Laelasari, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Abstrak:
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan dan menjadi 10 besar penyebab kematian di dunia. Kota Jakarta Timur menjadi wilayah dengan jumlah kasus TB paru BTA positif terbanyak di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 4.100 kasus. Faktor iklim, yang meliputi suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan diketahui dapat mempengaruhi keberadaan bakteri M.tb untuk dapat hidup dengan optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan korelasi faktor iklim dengan jumlah kasus TB paru BTA positif di Kota Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi berdasarkan waktu (time-trend study) dengan pendekatan spasial. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Kota Jakarta Timur pada bulan November - Desember
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T-6115
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Virli Andani Harnelis; Pembimbing: Al Asyary; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, La Ode Ahmad Saktiansyah
Abstrak:
Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegepty dan Aedes albopictus betina yang terinfeksi virus dengue (DENV). Selama masa pandemi COVID-19, jumlah kasus DBD di dunia internasional maupun nasional mengalami penurunan, begitupun Kota Jakarta Timur. Kendati demikian, Kota Jakarta Timur merupakan kota dengan kasus DBD tertinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor iklim dengan jeda waktu 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), dan 2 (time lag 2) bulan, kepadatan penduduk, dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Jakarta Timur pada saat sebelum dan selama masa pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2018-2021. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda ≥ 2 rata-rata, uji korelasi, dan analisis spasial. Secara statistik, terdapat perbedaan rata-rata incidence rate (IR) DBD dan ABJ yang signifikan antara tahun 2018-2021 (p = 0,000; p = 0,011). Selain itu uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara curah hujan time lag 1 (p = 0,002; r = 0,041) dan time lag 2 (p =0,000; r = 0,651), suhu udara time lag 1 (p = 0,004; r = -0,441), dan time lag 2 (p = 0,001; r = -0,48), serta kelembaban udara non time lag (p = 0,002; r = 0,429), time lag 1 (p = 0,000; r = 0,668), dan time lag 2 (p = 0,000; r = 0,699) dengan kejadian DBD. Secara spasial maupun statistik tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kepadatan penduduk dan ABJ dengan kejadian DBD. Pemetaan tingkat kerawanan kejadian DBD pada saat sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19, menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 kecamatan yang ada di Kota Jakarta Timur, 1 kecamatan mengalami peningkatan tingkat kerawanan menjadi sedang dan 2 kecamatan mengalami penurunan tingkat kerawanan menjadi rendah. Kecamatan Matraman tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan tinggi. Kecamatan Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, dan Ciracas tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan sedang. 5 Kecamatan lainnya tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan rendah. Adanya perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan pada ABJ dan IR DBD, hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan kejadian DBD, serta tingkat kerawanan yang tinggi pada beberapa wilayah, sebaiknya dijadikan pertimbangan oleh pemerintah setempat untuk meningkatkan upaya pencegahan DBD dan menyusun rencana strategis dalam pengendalian DBD.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of dengue cases internationally and nationally decreased, as did the City of East Jakarta. Thus, East Jakarta City is the city with the highest dengue cases in DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze climate factors at time lag of 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), and 2 (time lag 2) months, population density, and larva free index (LFI) with the incidence of DHF in the city of Jakarta. East before and during the 2018-2021 COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using the average difference test, correlation test, and spatial analysis. Statistically, there is a significant difference in the average incidence rate (IR) of DHF and LFI between 2018-2021 (p = 0.000; p = 0.011). In addition, the correlation test showed a significant relationship between rainfall at time lag 1 (p = 0.002; r = 0.041) and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.651), air temperature at time lag 1 (p = 0.004; r = -0.441), and time lag 2 (p = 0.001; r = -0.48), as well as non-time lag air humidity (p = 0.002; r = 0.429), time lag 1 (p = 0.000; r = 0.668), and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.699) with the incidence of DHF. Spatial and statistically, there was no significant relationship between population density and LFI with the incidence of DHF. Mapping the level of vulnerability to DHF events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, shows that of the 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta City, 1 sub-district experienced an increase in the level of vulnerability to moderate and 2 sub-districts experienced a decrease in the level of vulnerability to low. Matraman sub-districts are classified as high vulnerability. Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, and Ciracas sub-districts are classified as moderate vulnerability. The other 5 sub-districts are classified as low vulnerability. The existence of significant differences in the average ABJ and IR of DHF, the relationship between climatic factors and the incidence of DHF, as well as the high level of vulnerability in some areas, should be considered by the local government to increase efforts to prevent DHF and develop a strategic plan in controlling DHF.
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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of dengue cases internationally and nationally decreased, as did the City of East Jakarta. Thus, East Jakarta City is the city with the highest dengue cases in DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze climate factors at time lag of 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), and 2 (time lag 2) months, population density, and larva free index (LFI) with the incidence of DHF in the city of Jakarta. East before and during the 2018-2021 COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using the average difference test, correlation test, and spatial analysis. Statistically, there is a significant difference in the average incidence rate (IR) of DHF and LFI between 2018-2021 (p = 0.000; p = 0.011). In addition, the correlation test showed a significant relationship between rainfall at time lag 1 (p = 0.002; r = 0.041) and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.651), air temperature at time lag 1 (p = 0.004; r = -0.441), and time lag 2 (p = 0.001; r = -0.48), as well as non-time lag air humidity (p = 0.002; r = 0.429), time lag 1 (p = 0.000; r = 0.668), and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.699) with the incidence of DHF. Spatial and statistically, there was no significant relationship between population density and LFI with the incidence of DHF. Mapping the level of vulnerability to DHF events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, shows that of the 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta City, 1 sub-district experienced an increase in the level of vulnerability to moderate and 2 sub-districts experienced a decrease in the level of vulnerability to low. Matraman sub-districts are classified as high vulnerability. Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, and Ciracas sub-districts are classified as moderate vulnerability. The other 5 sub-districts are classified as low vulnerability. The existence of significant differences in the average ABJ and IR of DHF, the relationship between climatic factors and the incidence of DHF, as well as the high level of vulnerability in some areas, should be considered by the local government to increase efforts to prevent DHF and develop a strategic plan in controlling DHF.
S-11026
Depok : FKMUI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Indra Nopendri; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono; Penguji: Dewi Susanna, Desy Mery Dorsanti
Abstrak:
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Pneuumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit pernapasan yang paling banyak menyumbang kematian dan kesakitan pada anak. Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan bagi dunia dan Indonesia, terutama pada Kota Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor cakupan rumah sehat, faktor individu (BBLR), faktor demografi (kepadatan penduduk), dan faktor iklim (suhu dan curah hujan) dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kota Jakarta Barat pada tahun 2018-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan analisis korelasi dan analisis spasial dengan unit analisis berupa seluruh kecamatan yang ada di Kota Jakarta Barat selama periode tahun 2018-2022. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tedapatnya hubungan yang bermakna pada variabel cakupan rumah sehat (r= -0,362), BBLR (r= 0,396), kepadatan penduduk (r= 0,484), suhu (r= 0,332), dan curah hujan (r= -0,544). Pada analisis spasial menunjukan bahwa pola persebaran kejadian pneumonia balita di Kota Jakarta Barat tahun 2018-2022 cenderung banyak terjadi wilayah yang memiliki cakupan rumah sehat rendah dan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya preventif dan pengendalian dalam menekan kejadian kasus pneumonia yang banyak terjadi pada daerah dengan cakupan rumah sehat rendah dan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi.
Pneumonia is one of the respiratory diseases that causes the most deaths and morbidity in children. Pneumonia is still a health problem for the world and Indonesia, especially in the city of West Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the relationship between healthy house coverage factors, individual factors (underweight birth), demographic factors (population density), and climate factors (temperature and rainfall) with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in West Jakarta City in 2018-2022. This research uses an ecological study design with a correlation analysis and spatial analysis approach with the unit of analysis being all sub-districts in West Jakarta City during the 2018-2022 period. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between the variables healthy house coverage (r= -0.362), underweight birth (r= 0.396), population density (r= 0.484), temperature (r= 0.332), and rainfall (r= -0.544). Spatial analysis shows that the distribution pattern of toddler pneumonia in West Jakarta City in 2018-2022 tends to occur in areas with low coverage of healthy homes and high population density. Therefore, preventive and control efforts are needed to reduce the incidence of pneumonia cases which often occur in areas with low coverage of healthy houses and high population density.
S-11637
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Khalisa Zahra Khairunnisa; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Aria Kusuma
Abstrak:
Latar Belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengua (DBD) adalah infeksi virus yang ditularkan ke manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk yang terinfeksi. Vektor utama yang menularkan virus Dengue adalah Aedes aegypti, dan Aedes albopictus. Kota dengan jumlah kejadian DBD tertinggi di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 adalah Kota Depok sebesar 3.155 kasus dengan angka Incidence Rate (IR) 151,2 kasus per 100.000 penduduk. Selama 10 tahun terakhir sejak tahun 2012-2020, trend kasus DBD di Kota Depok cenderung meningkat. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim dan kepadatan penduduk dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Depok tahun 2012-2021. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi ekologi dengan analisis korelasi untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor iklim (suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan) pada bulan yang sama (non-time lag), faktor iklim dengan jeda 1 bulan (time lag 1), dan kepadatan penduduk dengan Incidence Rate DBD. Hasil: Hasil analisis korelasi menujukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kelembaban non time lag dan kelembaban time lag 1 dengan Incidence Rate DBD (p=0,000 dan p=0,000) dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang berpola positif (r=0,332 dan r-0,451). Hasil uji regresi linear ganda menghasilkan bentuk model prediksi dengan persamaan IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Suhu) + 0.394 (Kelembapan) + 0.023 (Curah Hujan). Berdasarkan hasil persamaan regresi, jika disimulasikan dengan kombinasi suhu 26,1 oC, kelembaban 82,9%, dan curah hujan 14,9 mm, maka akan terjadi peningkatan IR DBD sebanyak 10 kasus per 100.000 penduduk.
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The main vectors that transmit the dengue virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The city with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia in 2021 is Depok City with 3,155 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 151.2 cases per 100,000 population. During the last 10 years from 2012-2020, the trend of dengue cases in Depok City tends to increase. Objective: To determine the relationship between climatic factors and population density with the incidence of DHF in Depok City in 2012-2021. Methods: This study uses an ecological study with correlation analysis to see the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a 1-month lag (time lag 1), and density population with DHF Incidence Rate. Results: The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between non-time lag humidity and time lag 1 humidity with DHF Incidence Rate (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000) with the strength of the relationship being positive (r = 0.332 and r-0.451). The results of the multiple linear regression test produce a predictive model with the equation IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Temperature) + 0.394 (Relative Humidity) + 0.023 (Rainfall). Based on the results of the regression equation, if it is simulated with a combination of the temperature of 26,1oC, humidity of 82.9%, and rainfall of 14.9 mm, there will be an increase in IR of DHF by 10 cases per 100,000 population.
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Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The main vectors that transmit the dengue virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The city with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia in 2021 is Depok City with 3,155 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 151.2 cases per 100,000 population. During the last 10 years from 2012-2020, the trend of dengue cases in Depok City tends to increase. Objective: To determine the relationship between climatic factors and population density with the incidence of DHF in Depok City in 2012-2021. Methods: This study uses an ecological study with correlation analysis to see the relationship between climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) in the same month (non-time lag), climatic factors with a 1-month lag (time lag 1), and density population with DHF Incidence Rate. Results: The correlation analysis results showed a significant relationship between non-time lag humidity and time lag 1 humidity with DHF Incidence Rate (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000) with the strength of the relationship being positive (r = 0.332 and r-0.451). The results of the multiple linear regression test produce a predictive model with the equation IR DBD = -47.353 + 0.784 (Temperature) + 0.394 (Relative Humidity) + 0.023 (Rainfall). Based on the results of the regression equation, if it is simulated with a combination of the temperature of 26,1oC, humidity of 82.9%, and rainfall of 14.9 mm, there will be an increase in IR of DHF by 10 cases per 100,000 population.
S-11054
Depok : FKMUI, 2022
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Septiria Irawati; Pembimbing: Ema Hermawati; Penguji: R. Budi Haryanto, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Sulistiyawati Murdiningrum, Ni Ketut Aryastami
Abstrak:
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Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi kronis. Tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan makanan, stunting juga disebabkan oleh kejadian infeksi berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran cakupan imunisasi dan kejadian penyakit infeksi berbasis lingkungan, korelasinya dengan kejadian stunting pada balita, serta rekomendasi intervensi pengendalian stunting di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi multiple-group study dengan data kecamatan sebagai unit analisis. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah prevalensi stunting, persentase cakupan imunisasi, prevalensi diare, dan prevalensi ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) pada balita per bulan selama setahun pada 44 kecamatan di DKI Jakarta yang dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan korelasi signifikan antara imunisasi dengan stunting di 6 kecamatan, diare dan stunting di 4 kecamatan, serta ISPA dan stunting di 12 kecamatan. Intervensi yang direkomendasikan adalah upaya penurunan prevalensi ISPA untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting melalui intensifikasi pencarian dan pengobatan kasus, pemberian perlindungan spesifik dan imunisasi, pemberantasan penyakit berbasis lingkungan, serta upaya kemitraan lintas sektor.
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive due to chronic malnutrition. Not only caused by a lack of food intake, stunting is also caused by repeated infections. The purpose of this study was to describe the scope of immunization and the incidence of environmental-based infectious diseases, its correlation with the incidence of stunting in children under five, as well as recommendations for stunting control interventions in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province. The research methodology used a multiple-group study design with sub-district data as the unit of analysis. The data collected was the prevalence of stunting, the percentage of immunization coverage, the prevalence of diarrhea, and the prevalence of ARI (Accute Respiratoty Infection) in under-fives per month for a year in 44 sub-districts in DKI Jakarta which were statistically analyzed using a correlation test. Statistical test results showed a significant correlation between immunization and stunting in 6 sub-districts, diarrhea and stunting in 4 sub-districts, and ARI and stunting in 12 sub-districts. The recommended interventions are efforts to reduce the prevalence of ARI to reduce the prevalence of stunting through intensifying case search and treatment, providing specific protection and immunization, eradicating environment-based diseases, and cross-sector partnership efforts.
T-6784
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Irsyad Farhan Africky; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Didik Supriyono
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2015-2019, seperti cakupan rumah sehat, jumlah penduduk, kepadatan penduduk, suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan baik secara statistic dan juga spasial. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi kombinasi atau mix design yang terdiri atas analisis time trend dan juga analisis spasial dengan populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kecamatan yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Bogor yang berjumlah 40 kecamatan.
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S-10621
Depok : FKM UI, 2021
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fajar Nugraha; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Al Asyary, Tiffany Tiara Pakasi, Akhmad Yuliansyah
Abstrak:
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah suatu infeksi virus sistemik, yang ditularkan antarmanusia dengan perantaraan nyamuk Aedes. Saat ini, DBD merupakan vector-borne disease dengan tingkat penyebaran tercepat di dunia dan tingkat prevalensi tertinggi di wilayah tropis dan subtropis. Indonesia menempati urutan kedua tertinggi jumlah kasus DBD di antara 30 negara endemis DBD di dunia. Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi Jawa Barat berkontribusi sebesar 33% dari total kasus DBD di seluruh Indonesia pada periode 1999-2018, sedangkan Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan peringkat terendah jumlah kasus DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor iklim terhadap jumlah kasus DBD di periode 1999-2018.Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi ekologi timetrend dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu kabupaten/kota yang di wilayah administrasinya terdapat stasiun pemantau cuaca Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) dengan seluruh wilayah administrasinya berada di dalam wilayah radius 15km dari titik lokasi stasiun pemantau cuaca BMKG. Kasus DBD tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode Januari-Februari, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Maret-April-Mei. Curah hujan tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode November-Desember, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Januari-Februari-Maret. Suhu udara tertinggi Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat dan Kota Bandung terjadi di periode September-Oktober, sedangkan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode April-Mei. Kelembaban udara tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode November-Desember, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Januari-Februari. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara curah hujan dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (15 tahun), Kota Bandung (13 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (3 tahun). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara suhu udara dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (10 tahun), Kota Bandung (2 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (2 tahun). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara kelembaban relatif dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (13 tahun), Kota Bandung (10 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (2 tahun).
Dengue is a systematic viral infection, which is transmitted between humans by the Aedes mosquito. Currently, dengue is the fastest spreading vector-borne disease in the world and the highest prevalence rate di the tropical and subtropical regions. Indonesia ranks the second highest in dengue cases among 30 dengue endemic countries in the world. DKI Jakarta and West Java Provinces contributed approximately 33% of the total dengue cases throughout Indonesia in the 1999-2018 period, while Bengkulu Province ranks the lowest for the number of dengue cases within the same period. This study aims to find the effects of climate factors to the number of dengue case in 1999-2018 period. Timetrend ecologic study design is conducted in this research. The inclusion criteria for the district or city to be selected as sample study, is that the district or city must have at least one weather station within its administrative area, and that the whole administrative area (100%) of the district or city must be within 15 kilometers radius from the location of the weather station. The highest number of dengue case in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in January-February period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in March-April-May period. The highest rainfall in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February-March period. The highest temperature in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta and Bandung City occurred in September-October period, while in Bengkulu City occurred in April-May period. The highest relative humidity in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February period. Rainfall is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (15 years), Bandung City (13 years) and Bengkulu City (3 years). Temperature is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (10 years), Bandung City (2 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years). Relative humidity is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (13 years), Bandung City (10 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years)
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Dengue is a systematic viral infection, which is transmitted between humans by the Aedes mosquito. Currently, dengue is the fastest spreading vector-borne disease in the world and the highest prevalence rate di the tropical and subtropical regions. Indonesia ranks the second highest in dengue cases among 30 dengue endemic countries in the world. DKI Jakarta and West Java Provinces contributed approximately 33% of the total dengue cases throughout Indonesia in the 1999-2018 period, while Bengkulu Province ranks the lowest for the number of dengue cases within the same period. This study aims to find the effects of climate factors to the number of dengue case in 1999-2018 period. Timetrend ecologic study design is conducted in this research. The inclusion criteria for the district or city to be selected as sample study, is that the district or city must have at least one weather station within its administrative area, and that the whole administrative area (100%) of the district or city must be within 15 kilometers radius from the location of the weather station. The highest number of dengue case in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in January-February period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in March-April-May period. The highest rainfall in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February-March period. The highest temperature in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta and Bandung City occurred in September-October period, while in Bengkulu City occurred in April-May period. The highest relative humidity in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February period. Rainfall is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (15 years), Bandung City (13 years) and Bengkulu City (3 years). Temperature is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (10 years), Bandung City (2 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years). Relative humidity is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (13 years), Bandung City (10 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years)
T-6072
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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