Abstrak: Lebih dari 16% populasi dunia dipengaruhi oleh penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK), dimana 19,3% akan berkembang menjadi Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) dengan angka mortalitas 50% dalam 24 bulan. Prognosis yang buruk dan memerlukan biaya perawatan yang tinggi pada PGTA sehingga diperlukan pengkajian mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan insidensi PGTA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan yang behubungan dengan kejadian PGTA di RSUD dr. Soedarso Kota Pontianak. Penelitian kuantitatif ini merupakan studi analitik case control menggunakan data primer wawancara dan rekam medis pasien selama bulan Mei – Juni 2023. Analisis regresi logistik berganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui determinan terhadap kejadian PGTA. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan terdapat empat variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PGTA, diantaranya: Hipertensi (OR 5,54, 95% CI: 2,59 – 11,80), Diabetes Melitus (OR 4,24, 95% CI: 1,79 – 9,98), riwayat keluarga PGK (OR 4,37, 95% CI: 1,02 – 18,73), merokok 10 batang/hari (OR 1,44, 95% CI: 0,56 – 3,74). Faktor prediktor dominan kejadian PGTA adalah variabel hipertensi. Penapisan yang lebih ketat berupa pemeriksaan laboratorium kadar kreatinin dan protein urin tiap satu tahun sekali diperlukan untuk mendeteksi PGK stadium awal, terutama pada pasien berisiko tinggi yang memiliki riwayat Hipertensi, Diabetes Melitus, riwayat keluarga PGK, dan merokok serta mengontrol penyakit komorbid untuk mencegah terjadinya PGTA.

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More than 16% of the world's population is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), of which 19.3% will develop End Stage Kidney Disease (ESRD). It has a poor prognosis and requires high costs therapy, so its need to identify the factors that cause the incidence of ESRD. This study aims to identify the determinants associated with the incidence of ESRD in RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak City. This quantitative research is an analytic case control study using primary data from interviews and medical records of patients from May to June 2023. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the determinants of the incidence of ESRD. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there were four variables associated with the incidence of ESRD, including: Hypertension (OR 5.54, 95% CI: 2.59 – 11.80), Diabetes Mellitus (OR 4.24, 95% CI: 1.79 – 9.98), family history of CKD (OR 4.37, 95% CI: 1.02 – 18.73), smoking 10 cigarettes/day (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.56 – 3.74). The dominant predictor factor for the incidence of ESRD is hypertension. More stringent screening in the form of laboratory tests for urine protein and creatinine levels every once a year is needed to detect the early stages of CKD, especially in high-risk patients who have a history of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, a family history of CKD, and smoking and to control comorbidities to prevent ESRD.

Abstrak: Penyakit ginjal Kronik telah menjadi perhatian karena semakin meningkat secara global baik insidensi, prevalensi, serta mortalitasnya. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas, PGK di provinsi Sumatera Utara yang meningkat dari 0,2% pada tahun 2013 menjadi 0,33% pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan faktor risiko dominan penyakit penyakit ginjal kronik di RSUD dr. Djasamen Saragih Kota Pematangsiantar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain Kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 505 pasien PGK yang di RSUD dr. Djasamen Saragih Kota Pematangsiantar dirawat dengan kasus sebanyak 101 pasien yang di diagnosis oleh dokter telah gagal ginjal kronik yang dapatkan dari rekam medis. Kontrol rumah sakit sebanyak 404 adalah pasien tanpa PGK. Kriteria Inklusi subjek penelitian adalah berusia ≥ 15 tahun dan data rekam medisnya lengkap. Kriteria eksklusi pada subjek penelitian dimana apabila riwayat transplantasi ginjal dimiliki oleh pasien dan pasien yang data rekam medisnya tidak lengkap. Hasil multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko dominan PGK di RSUD dr. Djasamen Saragih Kota Pematangsiantaryaitu hipertensi (OR=4,63;95% CI: 2,69-7,99) dan asam urat (OR =5,46; 95% CI: 3,17-9,41). Upaya promotif dan deteksi dini faktor risiko sejak usia dini perlu ditingkatkan untuk memperkecil kejadian faktor risiko maupun penyakit ginjal kronik dan disarankan pihak Rumah Sakit dapat meningkatkan fasilitas dan kelengkapan data pasien, dan membentuk tim penyuluh kesehatan guna meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien yang berkunjung yang berhubungan dengan PGK

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Chronic kidney disease had become a concern because of the increasing global incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Based on Riskesdas data, CKD in North Sumatra province increased from 0.2% in 2013 to 0.33% in 2018. This study aimed to determine the dominant risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Dr. RSUD. Djasamen Saragih, Pematang Siantar City. This study was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The research subjects were 505 CKD patients who were treated at Dr. Djasamen Saragih Hospital, Pematangsiantar City, with a case of 101 patients who were diagnosed by doctors as having chronic kidney failure which were obtained from medical records. Hospital controls were 404 patients without CKD. The inclusion criteria of research subjects were 15 years old and complete medical record data. Exclusion criteria for research subjects where a history of kidney transplantation was owned by patients and patients whose medical record data was incomplete. The multivariate results showed that the dominant risk factors for CKD in Dr. Djasamen Saragih Hospital were hypertension (OR=4.63; 95% CI: 2.69-7.99) and gout (OR=5.46; 95% CI: 3.17). -9.41). Promotive efforts and early detection of risk factors from an early age need to be increase to minimize the incidence of risk factors and chronic kidney disease and it is suggest that the hospital can improve the facilities and completeness of patient data, and form a team of health educators to increase the knowledge of visiting patients related to CKD

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Background: Depok City experienced an increase of 110 cervical cancer cases in 2021-2022. Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV immunization program in Indonesia is integrated with school immunization. The national HPV coverage in 2021 is 78.5% at dose 1 and 60.6% at dose 2 and the latest coverage data for Depok City in 2023 is 85.3% (below the 90% target). Immunization coverage depends on the role of parents as decision makers for child immunization. This study aims to find the determinants of children's HPV immunization status, especially from the parents' aspect and get information on the reasons why children do not receive the vaccine. Methods: The study design used was cross sectional with cluster random sampling technique. This study conducted univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: HPV immunization coverage in the sample population was 79.2%. The top two reasons for not vaccinating children were lack of information from the school (41.5%) and sickness or absence from school (26.8%). Bivariate analysis showed that low perceived parental barriers (OR 3.57; 95% CI: 1.69-7.51) and parents who received enough information support from providers (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.14-7.22) had greater odds of HPV immunization. Conclusions: The high number of uninformed parents/guardians from schools and missed immunizations implies the need to evaluate information delivery procedures and proactively contact parents/guardians of recurrent missed immunizations.

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Abstrak: Salah satu komplikasi mikroangiopati dari penyakit DM dan merupakan penyebab kematian terpenting pada penderita DM adalah Nefropati Diabetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian Gangguan Ginjal pada penderita DM serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut di RSCM tahun 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada penderita DM yang berobat baik di rawat jalan (Poli DM) maupun rawat inap dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 255 pasien DM yang terpilih seara random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 34,9% sampel mengalami Gangguan Ginjal. Hasil dari analisis chi square menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan lama menderita DM dengan kejadian Gangguan Ginjal.

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One of the microangiopathic complications and the most important cause of death in people with diabetes is Diabetic Nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of renal disorders in patients with diabetes and the factors that influence the event at the RSCM in 2012. The study was conducted in patients with DM were treated well in the outpatient (Poly DM) and hospitalizations using cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 255 patients who elected seara DM random sampling. The results showed that as many as 34.9% of the sample had Kidney Disorders. Results of chi-square analysis showed that there is a relationship between sex and the incidence of long- suffering DM Kidney Disorders.

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ABSTRAK Nama : Lia Hapsari Andayani NPM : 1506784984 Program Studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Periodontal Pada Masa Kehamilan di Indonesia Tahun 2013 (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013) Perubahan hormonal yang terjadi pada seorang wanita pada masa kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan jaringan periodontal. Peningkatan kadar estrogen dan progesteron mengubah komposisi bakteri, permeabilitas pembuluh darah, dan kondisi fisiologi jaringan periodontal, sehingga wanita hamil rentan mengalami penyakit periodontal. Penyakit periodontal dapat menyebabkan tanggalnya gigi, komplikasi kehamilan, dan peningkatan risiko penyakit sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial demografi, faktor kehamilan, faktor perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta faktor lokal terhadap kejadian penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan di Indonesia tahun 2013. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang. Sebanyak 1733 wanita hamil diambil sebagai sampel dari data Riskesdas tahun 2013. Uji statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan di Indonesia sebesar 4,4%. Faktor lokal yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan adalah karang gigi (POR 4,297; 95%CI : 2,047 – 9,023) dan gigi berjejal (POR 2,126 ; 95%CI :1,232 – 3,669). Faktor perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit periodontal pada masa kehamilan adalah frekuensi menyikat gigi (POR 2,543; 95%CI : 1,041 – 6,210). Tenaga medis harus berkerja sama dan merumuskan kebijakan mengenai perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut selama masa kehamilan. Penyuluhan tentang konsep menyikat gigi yang baik, serta keamanan tindakan pembersihan karang gigi selama masa kehamilan sangat diperlukan. Kata kunci : penyakit periodontal, kehamilan, karang gigi

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ABSTRACT Name : Lia Hapsari Andayani Student Num : 1506784984 Program : Epidemiology Tittle : Determinants For Peridontal Disease in Pregnancy in Indonesia 2013 (Riskesdas 2013 Data Analysis) Hormonal changes that occur in a woman during pregnancy can affect the health of periodontal tissue. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone alter bacterial composition, permeability of blood vessels, and periodontal tissue’s condition so that pregnant women are susceptible to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease may cause tooth loss, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and increased risk of systemic disease. This study aims to determine the relationship of socio-demographic, pregnancy, oral health behavior and local factors with periodontal disease during pregnancy in Indonesia in 2013. This is a cross-sectional study involved 1733 pregnant women that was retrieved from Riskesdas 2013 data. Statistical test using multiple logistic regression. Periodontal disease was present in 4,4% pregnant women. Local factors that affect the occurrence of periodontal disease during pregnancy are calculus (POR 4,297; 95%CI : 2,047 – 9,023) and tooth crowding (POR 2,126 ; 95%CI :1,232 – 3,669). Dental and oral health behavior factor that affect the occurrence of periodontal disease during pregnancy is toothbrushing frequency (POR 2,543; 95%CI : 1,041 – 6,210). It is necessary to build good cooperation between medical professionals and dentists to provide oral health service during ante natal care. Introducing the right toothbrushing concept and the safety of calculus removal during pregnancy is recomended. Keyword :  periodontal disease, pregnancy, calculus

Abstrak: Penyakit kanker kolorektal merupakan kanker usus besar dan rektum yang saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan didunia termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dan dominan dari kanker kolorektal. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah matched case control dengan matching umur menggunakan data rekam medis, kasus adalah pasien kanker kolorektal dan kontrol adalah pasien trauma dan patah tulang. Sampel berjumlah 122 orang dengan 61 pasangan kasus dan kontrol. Hasil analisis bivariat mc nemar chi square menunjukkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan adalah pola makan daging merah dengan OR=27 (95% CI 4,45-1105,4), asupan lemak tinggi dengan OR=2,2 (95% CI 0,967-5,542), dan asupan serat rendah OR=44 (95% CI 7,49-1776,9). Analisis multivariat conditional regresi logistic menunjukkan faktor paling dominan adalah asupan serat rendah dengan OR=26,8 (95% CI 3,44-209,5). Adapun faktor risiko yang tidak berhubungan adalah jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, riwayat keluarga, pendapatan keluarga, aktifitas fisik, obesitas, merokok dan alkohol. Diperlukan upaya pencegahan penyakit kanker kolorektal dengan cara memperbanyak asupan serat, mengurangi asupan lemak tinggi dan pola konsumsi daging merah.
Kata kunci : Kanker kolorektal, Matched case control, Faktor risiko

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Colectal cancer disease is colon cancer and rectum until now is a health problem in the word, including in Indonesia yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factor and dominant factor of colorectal cancer. The design of study used was matched case control with age matching using the medical record data, the data of case were colorectal cancer patients and control were trauma and fracture patients. The calculate sample is 122 people were 61 pairs of cases and controls. The result of bivariate analysis of mc nemar chi square showed related risk factor was red meat diet with OR=27 (95% CI 4,45-1105,4), high fat intake with OR=2,2 (95% CI 0,967-5,542), and low fiber intake with OR=44 (95% CI 7,49- 1776,9). Multivariate analysis of conditional logistic regression showed the most important factor was low fiber intake with OR=26,8 (95% CI 3,448-209,5). The unrelated risk factors are gender, education level, family history, family income, physical activity, obesity, smoking and alcohol. It is necessary to prevent the prevention of colorectal cancer by increasing fiber intake, reducing fat intake and concumption pattern of read meat.
Keywords : Colorectal cancer, Matched case control, Risk factor

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