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Background: Indonesia faces population problems such as a high number and rate of population growth with a total fertility rate (TFR) which is bigger than ASEAN average and ideal standard of TFR. The utilization of contraception, especially LAPMs, is one of program to ensure the implementation of family planning program. However, based on the results of the 2017 IDHS, there was only 13.4% of women used LAPMs. And from year to year, the utilization of contraception in Indonesia is still dominated by female users compared to men, especially in MKJP, namely 13.2% of them are female users and only 0.2% are male users. This study aims to examine the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive (LAPMs) among married women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia based on analysis of IDHS data 2017. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and uses secondary data (2017 IDHS data). The dependent variables of this study is the utilization of LACPMs with the main independent variables were women's empowerment. Descriptive, bivariate and stratified analysis were used to see the description of each variable and to examine the association between the dependent and independent variables and to examine the confounding variables between them. Result: Empowered women had 1.15 [95% CI=1.03-1.27] times higher risk of using MKJP than powerless women. The result of this study also found that women's education and household wealth index are confounding variables in the association between women's empowerment and the utilization of LACPMs. Conclusion: The utilization of LACPMs which is low is one of the public health challenges in Indonesia. The association between women's empowerment and the utilication of LACPMs can be taken into considerations for government agencies to develop health by focusing on the role of women.
Latar Belakang: KB memiliki sejarah keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan pemakaian kontrasepsi modern dalam waktu relatif pendek, yaitu dari 10% di awal dekade 1970-an menjadi sekitar 60% di awal 2000-an. Namun, pada kurun waktu tersebut hingga 2017 terjadi pergeseran dominasi metode kontrasepsi yang digunakan oleh perempuan usia subur berstatus kawin, yaitu dari penggunaan metode kontrasepsi yang beragam menjadi dominasi Non MKJP, khususnya suntik KB.
Metode: Analisis data sekunder dilakukan dengan menggunakan data SKI tahun 2023. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel.
Hasil: Cakupan penggunaan MKJP pada perempuan usia subur berstatus kawin di Indonesia dalam penelitian ini mencapai 28,8%. Hasil analisis multivariabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik antara lain adalah usia, pendidikan responden, status pekerjaan responden, paritas, status ekonomi, wilayah administratif, pendidikan pasangan, dan konseling KB.
Kesimpulan: Semakin tingginya tingkat pendidikan yang ditempuh oleh seorang perempuan, semakin tinggi juga peluang yang dimilikinya untuk menggunakan MKJP. Hal ini disebabkan karena dengan tingkat pendidikan tersebut perempuan akan cenderung lebih mudah memahami informasi dan manfaat MKJP, serta memiliki kapasitas lebih besar dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait kontrasepsi. Oleh karenanya, peningkatan akses dan kualitas informasi dapat menjadi salah satu strategi yang dapat mendorong penggunaan MKJP secara lebih luas.a
Background: The family planning program has a history of success in increasing the use of modern contraceptives within a relatively short period, rising from 10% in the early 1970s to around 60% in the early 2000s. However, during that period up to 2017, there was a shift in the dominant contraceptive methods used by women of reproductive age—from a variety of methods to a dominance of non-long-acting and permanent methods (non-LARCs), particularly injectable contraceptives. Method: The proportion of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among women of reproductive age in Indonesia in this study reached 28.8%. The multivariable analysis showed that several variables were statistically associated with LARC use, including age, respondent’s education, respondent’s employment status, parity, economic status, administrative region, partner’s education, and FP counseling. Results: Women with a secondary education level are more likely to use long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). This is because, at this level of education, women tend to better understand information regarding the benefits of LARCs and have greater capacity in making decisions related to contraception. Therefore, improving access to and the quality of information may serve as an effective strategy to promote broader use of LARCs. Conclusion: The higher the level of education attained by a woman, the greater her likelihood of using long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). This is because women at this education level tend to understand information about the benefits of LARCs more easily and have greater capacity in making decisions related to contraception. Therefore, improving access to and the quality of information can be an effective strategy to encourage wider use of LARCs.
The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women should decrease, considering the number in Indonesia has included a severe public health problem (43.2%). The cause of anemia in pregnant women is greater due to iron deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to take iron supplementation or blood-added tablets for pregnant women to prevent the risks posed by iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Based on the 2017 IDHS report, it is known that the consumption of blood-added tablets according to the health recommendations of pregnant women is only 44% and this figure is still far from the 2015-2019 Strategic Plan target. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the consumption of blood-added tablets in pregnant women in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional research design and the use of data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey. The analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of pregnant women who consumed at least 90 tablets added blood was 44.1% (42.8% -45.4%). There is a significant relationship between the consumption of blood-added tablets with wealth index, area of residence, marital status, frequency of ANC visits, time of first ANC, parity, and husband's support. The most dominant factor related to the consumption of blood-added tablets is the frequency of ANC visits. Therefore, health care workers need to provide education to pregnant women to do ANC as often as possible which is part of the program of giving blood-added tablets to control their health during pregnancy to prevent the risk of iron deficiency.
