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Pada tahun 2023 industri perkebunan kelapa sawit tercatat sebagai sektor dengan angka
kecelakaan kerja tertinggi nasional (60,5%) dengan tren kenaikan sebesar 18–20 % per
tahun. Dua faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan dan penyakit pada pekerja di sektor ini
adalah kurangnya pengawasan dari manajemen (lack of management control) dan
rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan pekerja (human factor). Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut,
penelitian ini mengembangkan Model Edukasi K3 melalui penyusunan Modul Edukasi
K3 dan pembentukan Kader Sawit, yang bertujuan meningkatkan literasi dan praktik
keselamatan kerja pekerja sawit. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mix-method
exploratory yang dilakukan selama 6 bulan dengan tahapan penelitian: (1) analisis
penyelenggaraan K3 dan mengidentifikasi status gizi pekerja, (2) penyusunan Modul
Edukasi K3 melalui studi literatur dan expert judgement serta pembentukan Kader Sawit,
dan (3) uji coba/menilai dampak intervensi dengan Quasi Experiment Design (Wilcoxon
Test). Hasil intervensi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada skor pengetahuan (dari
38,68 menjadi 50,60), sikap (61,87 menjadi 68,13), dan perilaku (25,38 menjadi 30,53).
Peningkatan skor Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku pada kelompok intervensi rata-rata
7.4 kali lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Selain itu, kecelakaan kerja menurun dari
66,7 % menjadi 10 %, dan angka kejadian penyakit turun dari 43,3 % menjadi 33,3 %
setelah intervensi. Dengan demikian, intervensi melalui Modul Edukasi K3 dan Kader
Sawit terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku K3 serta
menurunkan angka kecelakaan dan penyakit, sehingga dapat menjadi langkah strategis
dan efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi dan praktik K3 di industri perkebunan kelapa
sawit di Indonesia.
In 2023, the palm oil plantation industry was recorded as the sector with the highest
national rate of occupational accidents (60.5%), with an annual increasing trend of 18
20%. The two main contributing factors to accidents and occupational illnesses in this
sector are lack of management control and low levels of worker knowledge (human
factor). To address these issues, this study developed an Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) Education Model through the formulation of an OSH Education Module and the
establishment of “Kader Sawit” (Palm Cadres), aimed at improving workers’ safety
literacy and practices. This research applied an exploratory mixed-method approach over
a six-month period, with the following phases: (1) analysis of OSH implementation and
identification of workers’ nutritional status, (2) development of the OSH Education
Module through literature review and expert judgment, along with the training of Kader
Sawit, and (3) trial and evaluation of the intervention impact using a Quasi-Experimental
Design (Wilcoxon Test). The intervention resulted in a significant increase in knowledge
scores (from 38.68 to 50.60), attitudes (from 61.87 to 68.13), and safety behavior (from
25.38 to 30.53). The average increase in knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores in the
intervention group was 7.4 times higher than in the control group. Furthermore, the
incidence of occupational accidents decreased from 66.7% to 10%, while the occurrence
of work-related illnesses declined from 43.3% to 33.3% after the intervention. These
findings demonstrate that the implementation of the OSH Education Module and the
involvement of Kader Sawit are effective strategies for enhancing OSH-related
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and for reducing the incidence of accidents and
diseases, thereby offering a strategic and impactful approach to improving OSH literacy
and practices in Indonesia’s palm oil plantation industry.
This cohort study examined the effect of secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women on fetal growth restriction. The study recruited 128 pregnant women in the third trimester pregnancy, single pregnancy, no chronic illness, non-active smokers, non-exsmokers, and who were willing to participate in the study. Pregnant women with the secondhand smoke exposure referred to those with the umbilical cord blood nicotine level of 1ng/ml or higher. Fetal growth disorder was assessed according to the newborn weight, length, head circumference, and palcental weight measured immediately after birth. The independent t-test analysis was used to determine the difference in average size of fetal growth between two groups of pregnant women: exposed and the notexposed to the secondhand smoke. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to find out the effect of secondhand smoke exposure on birth weight, length, head circumference, and palcental weight controlling for the birth size confounders including weight gain during pregnancy, body mass index, parity, maternal age, and maternal hemoglobin. The study found that mean of nicotine in umbilical cord blood was 1.3±2.5 ng/ml, the birth weight and the placental weight of infants were lower among mothers who exposed than among mothers who did not expose to the secondhand smoke. Exposed to the secondhand smoke reduced the birth weight by 205.6 grams (p value = 0.005) and placental weight by 51 grams (p value=0.010).
