Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) merupakan indikator penting kualitas pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang mencerminkan kucukupan keragaman konsumsi pangan anak usia 6–23 bulan. Capaian MDD di Indonesia masih rendah, sementara determinannya belum banyak dianalisis dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh faktor individu dan konteks wilayah secara simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024 yang melibatkan 70.561 anak usia 6–23 bulan dari 412 kabupaten/kota. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multilevel dua tingkat untuk mengidentifikasi determinan MDD pada tingkat individu dan kabupaten/kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 48,3% anak memenuhi MDD. Faktor tingkat individu yang berhubungan dengan pemenuhan MDD meliputi usia anak, usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, status sosial ekonomi rumah tangga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan anak. Sekitar 13,0% variasi pemenuhan MDD dijelaskan oleh perbedaan antar kabupaten/kota. Pada tingkat wilayah, indikator ketahanan pangan yang mencerminkan dimensi ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, dan pemanfaatan pangan berhubungan signifikan dengan pemenuhan MDD. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemenuhan MDD pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu serta faktor kontekstual wilayah. Peningkatan capaian MDD memerlukan penguatan intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif melalui pendekatan multisektor yang mempertimbangkan karakteristik wilayah.

Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is a key indicator of the quality of complementary feeding practices that reflects the adequacy of dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. The achievement of MDD in Indonesia remains low, while its determinants have rarely been examined by simultaneously considering individual- and area-level contextual factors. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (Survei Status Gizi Indonesia/SSGI), involving 70,561 children aged 6–23 months from 412 districts/municipalities. Data were analyzed using a two-level multilevel logistic regression model to identify the determinants of MDD at the individual and district/municipality levels. The results showed that 48.3% of children met the MDD criteria. At the individual level, MDD was significantly associated with the child's age, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment status, household socioeconomic status, household size, and utilization of child health services. Approximately 13.0% of the variation in MDD was attributable to differences between districts/municipalities. At the area level, food security indicators representing the dimensions of food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization were significantly associated with MDD. These findings indicate that MDD among Indonesian children aged 6–23 months is influenced by both individual characteristics and area-level contextual factors. Improving MDD requires strengthening nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions through a multisectoral approach that takes regional characteristics into account.

Obesity is a global health problem with a steadily increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. Among children and adolescents, obesity is influenced by various factors such as genetics, environment, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status. However, research specifically focusing on obesity within this age group remains limited. This study aims to examine the prevalence and determinants of obesity among children and adolescents in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a total sample of 115,053 household members aged 5–19 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed an obesity prevalence of 7.9% (95% CI: 7.6–8.1). Factors significantly associated with increased obesity risk included: male gender [AOR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.451–1.678], higher maternal education [AOR 1.197; 95% CI: 1.106–1.296], working mothers [AOR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.063–1.223], urban residence [AOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.176–1.370], highest socioeconomic status [AOR 1.791; 95% CI: 1.548–2.032], low physical activity [AOR 1.534; 95% CI: 1.230–1.913], consumption of processed food more than once a day [AOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.009–1.242], and fruit and vegetable intake of at least one portion per day [AOR 1.142; 95% CI: 1.060–1.227]. These findings underscore the importance of targeted health promotion interventions addressing these factors to prevent and control obesity among children and adolescents in Indonesia.  

Epidemi HIV di Indonesia masih terkonsentrasi pada populasi kunci, namun dalam satu dekade terakhir tren penularannya cenderung bergeser ke populasi umum. Perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologi kedua kelompok tersebut menunjukkan perlunya pendekatan spasial dalam pengendalian HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola spasial dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan distribusi penemuan ODHIV baru pada populasi kunci dan populasi umum di 35 kabupaten/kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan data sekunder dari Sistem Informasi HIV/AIDS (SIHA) Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2024, Profil Kesehatan, serta Badan Pusat Statistik. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Global Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), dan Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi ODHIV baru pada populasi kunci tidak memiliki autokorelasi spasial yang signifikan, sedangkan pada populasi umum ditemukan autokorelasi spasial positif yang signifikan (Global Moran's I = 0,2215; p = 0,016). Analisis LISA mengidentifikasi Kabupaten Karanganyar sebagai satu-satunya klaster high-high pada populasi umum. Model SAR merupakan model terbaik untuk populasi umum dan menunjukkan adanya ketergantungan spasial antarwilayah (ρ = 0,696; p < 0,001). Kepadatan penduduk merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan penemuan ODHIV baru (p < 0,001), sedangkan faktor demografi lainnya, sosial ekonomi, dan akses pelayanan kesehatan tidak berhubungan signifikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi penemuan ODHIV baru pada populasi umum dipengaruhi oleh faktor spasial, sedangkan pada populasi kunci tidak ditemukan pola spasial yang bermakna. Temuan ini mendukung pemanfaatan pendekatan spasial untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah prioritas, khususnya klaster high high, sehingga dapat menjadi dasar dalam perencanaan deteksi dini, penguatan layanan HIV dan alokasi sumber daya kesehatan yang lebih efektif di Provinsi Jawa Tengah.

transmission has increasingly expanded to the general population over the past decade.  The distinct epidemiological characteristics of these two populations underscore the  importance of adopting a spatial approach to HIV prevention and control. This study  aimed to examine the spatial distribution and factors associated with the distribution of  newly identified people living with HIV (ODHIV) among key populations and the general  population across the 35 districts and municipalities of Central Java Province in 2024. An  ecological study design was employed using secondary data obtained from the 2024  HIV/AIDS Information System (SIHA) of the Central Java Provincial Health Office, the  Central Java Provincial Health Profile, and Statistics Indonesia. Spatial analysis were  performed using Global Moran's I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and  the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model. The findings indicated that the spatial  distribution of newly identified ODHIV among key populations did not exhibit significant  spatial autocorrelation. In contrast, significant positive spatial autocorrelation was  observed among the general population (Global Moran's I=0.2215; p=0.016). LISA  identified Karanganyar District as the only statistically significant high-high cluster.  Based on spatial diagnostic tests, the SAR model provided the best fit for explaining the  spatial variation in newly identified ODHIV among the general population and  demonstrated significant spatial dependence across neighboring areas (ρ=0.696;  p<0.001). Population density was the only area-level factor significantly associated with  an increased rate of newly identified ODHIV (p<0.001), whereas other demographic,  socioeconomic, and healthcare access variables were not significantly associated. These  findings suggest that the spatial distribution of newly identified ODHIV in the general  population is influenced by spatial dependence, whereas no meaningful spatial pattern  was identified among key populations. The results highlight the value of spatial analytical  approaches in identifying priority areas, particularly high-high clusters, to support  targeted HIV screening, strengthen HIV service delivery, and improve the allocation of  public health resources in Central Java Province.

Penelitian ini membahas begaimana pengaruh pemberian payanan KB terhadap unmet need pada wanita menikah usia 15-49 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjutan SDKI 2017 dengan menggunakan desain penelitian potongl lintang pada wanita menikah atau tinggal bersama usia 15-49 tahun sebanyak 35.681 wanita yang dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian layanan KB yang kurang terakses memiliki kejadian unmet need (11,5%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian layanan KB yang terakses (6,9%). Kurang teraksesnya pemberian layanan KB dalam memberikan informasi tentang KB kepada wanita menikah usia 15-49 tahun memiliki peluang 2,269 lebih tinggi untuk mengalami unmet need setelah di kontrol oleh variabel status pekerjaan, wilayah tempat tinggal dan jumlah anak hidup (IK 95%= 1,948-2,642). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan peningkatan pemberian layanan KB dalam pemberian informasi KB agar masyarakat sebagai klien dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi mengenani KB terutama bagi wanita yang bekerja, tinggal diperkotaan dan memiliki beberapa anak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran untuk menggunakan KB dengan pilihan KB yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan.

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This study was conducted to assess the extent of the effect of family planning services delivery on unmet needs in married women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia. Unmet need is a phenomenon in the area of ​​population that requires serious and immediate handling because it can hamper the increase in CPR and decrease TFR, population growth rate, MMR, and IMR. The provision of family planning services delivery is important in meeting one's needs for using family planning by selecting the right family planning tool according to their needs, to overcome unmet need. This study is an advanced analysis of the 2017 IDHS by using a cross-sectional study design of married or living women aged 15-49 as many as 35,681 women analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression, with unmet need as the dependent variable and KB service delivery as a variable independent, as well as several confounding variables. The results showed that the provision of family planning services delivery that were less accessible by respondents had a risk of 2.269 to experience unmet needs compared to those accessed (95% CI = 1.948- 2,642). Therefore, it is necessary to increase the provision of family planning services in providing family planning information so that clients can easily access information about family planning, especially for women who work, live in urban areas and have several children, to increase knowledge and awareness to use family planning according to needs.

Lansia adalah kelompok yang rentan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemetaan vaksinasi untuk masyarakat lansia, terutama di Pulau Jawa, sehingga dapat menganalisis cakupan vaksinasinya di tiap Kab/Kota. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis spasial cakupan vaksinasi COVID-19 dosis 1 dan dosis 2 pada sasaran prioritas lansia di Pulau Jawa sejak awal diadakan vaksinasi pada bulan Januari tahun 2021 sampai bulan Mei tahun 2022.Analisis spasial sebagai metode peneltian yang memetakan objek berdasarkan posisi geografis menjadi alat bantu yang tepat dalam Decision Support System dalam menganalisis pemetaan cakupan vaksinasi COVID-19 dosis 1 dan dosis 2 di Pulau Jawa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya autokorelasi spasial antar wilayah di Pulau Jawa. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa persentase jumlah lansia yang dilakukan Vaksin dosis 1 dan Vaksin dosis 2 di 118 kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa cenderung berkelompok (cluster) pada lokasi yang berdekatan. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pemerintah daerah dan dinas kesehatan dalam mengambil langkah selanjutnya dalam memastikan cakupan vaksinasi COVID-19 yang merata untuk tiap Kab/Kota di Pulau Jawa.

The elders are a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to map out vaccinations for the elderly, especially in Java, to analyze the vaccination coverage in each district/city. The purpose of this study is to conduct a spatial analysis of the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination doses one and dose two at the elderly priority targets on Java Island since the initial vaccination was held from January 2021 until May 2022. Spatial analysis is research method that maps objects based on geographical position. This method becomes the suitable tool in the Decision Support System to analyze the mapping of COVID-19 vaccination coverage doses one and two on the island of Java. The results obtained indicate that there is a spatial autocorrelation between regions in Java. Therefore, it can be concluded that the percentage of the elderly who received dose one and dose two vaccines in 118 districts/cities on the island of Java tended to be clustered in adjacent locations. This result is expected to be a consideration for local governments and health offices in taking the next step in ensuring equitable COVID-19 vaccination coverage for each district/city on the island of Java.