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Introduction. High HbA1c can potentially cause various health implications, primarily related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Poor sleep quality increases the risk of elevated HbA1c levels through multiple mechanisms. This study aims to determine the association between sleep quality and high HbA1c levels in Indonesia's productive age population of 20-59 years. Methodology. This study was conducted cross-sectionally using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data in 2014. The sample size was 4223 using the total sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA 13 software. Results. The prevalence of high HbA1c levels was 6.06%, while the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 15.16%. A total of 15.47% who experienced high HbA1c levels had poor sleep quality. The final model analysis showed that those with poor sleep quality were statistically significantly associated (p<0.001) and increased the risk of high HbA1c by four times compared to those with good sleep quality (PR= 3.99; 3.0563-5.2173). There were no confounders that could interfere with the association of high HbA1c levels with poor sleep quality in this study. However, those who were ≥45 years old, female, hypertension, and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 had a greater risk of high HbA1c in poor sleep quality. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality was shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of high HbA1c levels. Requires educational interventions and health counselling in the productive age population related to maintaining sleep quality based on the components of good sleep quality for maintaining normal HbA1c levels.
ABSTRAK Nama : Binti Khofifah Program studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul Tesis : Hubungan Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR (Rasio Lingkar Pinggang – Lingkar Pinggul) Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Pada Usia ≥ 45 Tahun di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesia Family Life Survey V Tahun 2014) Disabilitas ADLs dari tahun ke tahun meningkat, sehingga rasio ketergantungan lanjut usia juga meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul pada lanjut usia merupakan indikator yang tepat untuk mengukur tingkat kelebihan massa lemak. Hal itu berkaitan erat dengan berbagai penyakit kronis dan memungkinkan berkembang ke arah disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul dengan kejadian disabilitas pada usia ≥ 45 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan analisis data ROC (untuk mengetahui titik pototng disabilitas ADLs), Chi – Square dan Regresi Cox. Populasinya adalah seluruh seluruh populasi usia ≥ 45 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria pada IFLS V tahun 2015. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PR disabilitas ADLs dan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pingul adalah sebesar 2,7 setelah dikontrol variabel interaksi WHR dengan jenis kelamin, WHR dengan pekerjaan dan WHR dengan status merokok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan selalu melakukan uji konfirmasi pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul khususnya pada usia ≥ 45 tahun teritama pada mereka yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan dan juga pada mereka yang merokok, sebab keduanya mempunyai interaksi sinergis dengan WHR yang akan meningkatkan disabilitas ADLs. Kata Kunci : disabilitas ADLs, IFLS V, rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul, lanjut usia
ABSTRACK Name : Binti Khofifah Study Program : Community of Epidemiology Tittle : Relationship of Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR with Disability at ≥ 45 years age in Indonesia (Data Analysis of Indonesia Family Life Survey V, 2014) ADLs disability have been increasing every year, so dependently ratio of oldests people increased too every years. Measurements of waist – hip ratio in oldest people are as the true indicator to identify at increased risk of accumulation of abdomial fat. It’s related with some chronical diseases and maybe can be developing into disability. Research objective is to analyze the relationship between waist hip ratio with ADLs disability in people with ≥ 45 age years. Research design is cross sectional, with data analysis with ROC (it’s to determine cut off point of ADLs disability), Chi – Square and Cox Regression Analysis. Population are all peoples with ≥ 45 age according criteria in IFLS V at 2014. The result showed that Prevalence Ratio ADLs disability with waist – hip ratio are 2,7 after controlled by interaction variable of gender by WHR, job by WHR, and smoking status by WHR. According the result to advices someone always have been measured waist – hip ratio especially for someone with ≥ 45 ages, and there are without activity but there are smoking, becouse the both have sinergic interaction with waist hip – ratio and increased ADLs disability. Keyword : ADLs disability, IFLS V, WHR, oldest – peoples
Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi prioritas global, penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan. Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan 73,7% kasus DM yang tidak terdiagnosis. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes melitus. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus. Namun, penentuan diagnosis DM hanya didasarkan pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah sewaktu, tanpa disertai informasi mengenai gejala dan Riwayat DM sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 25.494. Analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.
Hasil: Prevalensi diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis sebesar 16,0%. Obesitas sentral meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus sebesar 1,6 kali (PR: 1,6; 95% CI: 1,53–1,76) setelah dikontrol usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia.
Kesimpulan: Penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia dengan obesitas sentral memiliki risiko 1,6 kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetes melitus dibandingkan penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tanpa obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol oleh usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya modifikasi gaya hidup melalui pola makan sehat, aktivitas fisik rutin, serta deteksi dini sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM.
Kata kunci: Obesitas, hipertensi, prevalensi
Hypertension is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Estimated prevalence rates in 2010, that worldwide hypertension is 1.39 billion people, and represents 31% of the adult population. The proportion of hypertension in women increases with age. One of the risk factors of hypertension is obesity. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity in women in Indonesia in 2013 was 28.8% and 32.9%. The purpose of this study to know the relationship of obesity with the incidence of hypertension in women among above 18 years in Indonesia in 2014. Cross-sectional study design study using Indonesian Family Life Survey data 5 Year 2014. The results found that women among above 18 years with obesity at risk the occurrence of hypertension of 1,243 times after controlled by age and education variables compared to women among above 18 years who are not obese with the same age and education. It could be said that women with obesity risk 55.4% of the occurrence of hypertension after controlled by age and education. In health institutions and health workers should routinely perform health screening (sweeping) with health screening and periodic checks on learners, especially in women should be more frequent and actively follow and listen to health education activities and can apply what has been submitted by health workers.
Key words: Obesity, hypertension, prevalence
