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Pendahuluan: Di dalam industri hulu migas, cedera tangan dan jari merupakan tantangan besar. Setidaknya 50% dari kasus cedera di dalam industri migas merupakan cedera tangan dan jari. Di beberapa perusahaan, proporsi tersebut dapat menjadi lebih besar. Dalam analisis yang pernah dilakukan terhadap kecelakaan di perusahaan anggota IOGP, lebih dari delapan puluh persen diakibatkan karena factor manusia, baik yang disebabkan oleh faktor pribadi ataupun faktor organisasi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis factor manusia di dalam kasus cedera tangan dan jari yang teradi di PT. X sepanjang tahun 2014 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan kerangka HFACS. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X dari tahun 2014 hingga 2020. Hasil: Cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak disebabkan oleh skill-based errors dan routine violations. Kasus cedera yang diakibatkan skilled-based errors juga diperparah oleh pelanggaran aturan yang dilakukan bersama secara terus menerus (routine violations). Kondisi yang menjadi prekondisi dari tindakan tidak aman yang berkontribusi dalam cedera tangan dan jari paling banyak terkait crew/ resource management. berbagai faktor yang termasuk ke dalam kategori ini di antara lain komunikasi, koordinasi, perencanaan dan kerja tim yang mempengaruhi kinerja. Pengawasan yang tidak aman yang paling banyak terjadi adalah failed to correct known problems dan inadequate supervision. Inadequate supervision terkait dengan pengelolaan personil dan sumber daya termasuk pelatihan, panduan professional dan kepemimpinan operasional. Sedangkan failed to correct known problems terkait dengan kekurangan pada individu, peralatan, pelatihan atau area keselamatan lain “diketahui” oleh supervisor, namun dibiarkan tidak dikoreksi. Di level 4, pengaruh organisasi yang terbesar adalah Organisational Process. Organisational process adalah proses formal di mana visi sebuah organisasi dijalankan termasuk operasi, prosedur, dan kesalahan di antaranya. Kesimpulan: Gambaran HFACS pada kasus cedera tangan dan jari di PT. X sejalan dengan gambaran umum HFACS yang ada dalam industri hulu migas, kecuali di level 2 yakni preconditions for unsafe acts. Sistem pembelajaran kejadian di PT. X masih dipengaruhi oleh teori domino dan belum mengintegrasikan konsep faktor manusia secara menyeluruh. Kerangka HFACS dapat membantu PT. X dalam menelaah lebih dalam defisiensi di dalam faktor manusia untuk dapat menetapkan tindakan perbaikan yang lebih tepat.
Introduction: Hand and finger injuries have always been major challenges in upstream oil and gas industry. At least 50% of injuries in upstream oil and gas impacting hand and fingers. In some companies, the proportion could be larger. More than 80% of incidents in IOGP members were caused by human factors, both personal and organizational factors. This study aims to analyze human factors in hand and finger injuries at PT. X by using HFACS framework. Methodology: The study was conducted by applying qualitative descriptive analysis by using secondary data, investigation report of hand and finger injures from 2014 to 2020. Results: Skill-based errors and routine violations contributed in most of hand and finger injuries in PT.X. Routine violations were found as aggravating factors in skill-based errors injuries/ crew resource management were dominating level 2, preconditions for unsafe acts, it consists of coordination, communication, planning and team work that impacting performance. Unsafe supervision that occurred the most are inadequate supervision and failed to correct known problems. Inadequate supervision related to personnel and resources management including trainings, professional guidance and operational leadership. Failed to correct known problems related to deficiencies in individual, equipment, training or the safety area “known” to supervisor but left uncorrected. In level 4, Organizational process was the weak chain of organizational influences. Organizational process is a formal process where organization’s vision is implemented on Site, including operations, procedures. Conclusion: HFACS of hand and finger injuries in PT. X is in line with general HFACS description in upstream oil and gas industry, except for level 2, pre-conditions for unsafe acts. Learning from incident system in PT. X was still highly influenced by domino theory and has not yet integrated human factors. HFACS framework can help PT. X to dig deeper in human factors deficiencies in organization so PT. X can define more effective mitigation & preventive measures.
This research examines work-related accidents in the mining industry categorized as injury cases, using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI). The mining industry is known as a high-risk sector, where serious incidents such as major injuries and fatalities frequently occur despite investigations and preventive measures. The study aims to identify the main causal factors of workplace accidents based on the HFACS-MI framework, which classifies human errors and systemic weaknesses within mining organizations. Using data from injury-related accident cases in 2024, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to assess contributing factors from the operator level up to the organizational level.The findings reveal that the majority of accidents were triggered by unsafe acts, particularly skill-based errors, indicating deficiencies in workers' basic competencies. Additionally, latent failures, such as inadequate supervision and organizational inefficiencies, were also found to play a significant role.
Industri pertambangan merupakan kegiatan industri yang mempunyai risiko tinggi. Faktor manusia telah diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab paling umum terjadinya kecelakaan besar di industri pertambangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis data kecelakaan di PT. X dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis faktor manusia dan sistem klasifikasi industri pertambangan (HFACS-MI). Metode penelitian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data kualitatif untuk 322 kasus kecelakaan di PT. X yang terjadi pada tahun 2018-2022 dari basis data Sistem Manajemen Insiden yang dikategorikan sebagai cedera yang dapat dicatat. Faktor penyebab kecelakaan ini diberi kode menggunakan kerangka HFACS-MI. Data kecelakaan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 84% dari seluruh kecelakaan melibatkan pekerja kontraktor dan 16% melibatkan pekerja tetap PT. X. Hasil analisis menggunakan kerangka HFACS-MI menunjukkan bahwa setiap lapisan atau tingkatan memberikan kontribusi terhadap kecelakaan, yaitu faktor luar (44%), pengaruh organisasi (68%), kepemimpinan tidak aman (90%), prasyarat tindakan tidak aman (99%), dan tindakan tidak aman (99,7%). Temuan ini menekankan perlunya fokus pada pengurangan jumlah kesalahan manusia selama operasi penambangan untuk mengurangi tren kecelakaan saat ini. Kerangka kerja HFACS-MI telah terbukti menjadi alat penting untuk analisis kecelakaan yang kuat terhadap faktor manusia di pertambangan.
The mining industry is an industrial activity with high risks. Human factors have been identified as the most common cause of major accidents in the mining industry. Therefore, this research aims to analyze accident data at PT. X using the human factors analysis and classification system-mining industry framework (HFACS-MI). This research collected qualitative data for 322 accident cases at PT. X occurring from 2018 to 2022 from the Incident Management System database categorized as recordable injuries. Factors causing the accidents were coded using HFACS-MI framework. Accident data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed that 84% of all accidents involved contractor workers and 16% involved the PT. X permanent workers. The results of analysis using the HFACS-MI framework show that each layer or level contributes to accidents, namely outside factors (44%), organizational influences (68%), unsafe leadership (90%), preconditions of unsafe acts (99%), and unsafe acts (99.7%). These findings emphasize the need to focus on reducing the number of human errors during mining operations to reduce the current accident trend. The HFACS-MI framework has proven to be a valuable tool for robust accident analysis of human factors in mining.
Kata kunci :Kecelakaan kerja, cedera jari dan tangan, divisi maintenance,penyebab langsung, penyebab dasar.
Hand and finger injuries commonly happen in maintenance division. This happenbecause type of work in maintenance division have various stage, workingalongside a running process, using complicated machinery, and time contraints.The objective of this study was to describe occupational accident and analyzeaccident causes hand and finger injury in Maintenance Division PT X. Thisresearch use mixed method research, that start with collecting accident data and indepth interview to 6 person hand and finger injuried, supervisor and management.The most direct causes were lack of knowledge of hazards present, improperdecision making or lack of judgement, and improper use of tools. The underlyingcauses were inadequate development of policies / standards / procedures andinadequate identification of critical safe behaviors. Workers have inadequateawareness to health and safety. The roles of supervisor are reminder workersabout safety issues. Management have made and developed work procedure toprevent accident.
Key words : accident, finger and hand injury, maintenance division, direct causes, underlying causes, supervisor, management.
Penelitian ini mengkaji kecelakaan kerja di industri pertambangan yang tergolong dalam kategori cedera, menggunakan metode Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI). Industri pertambangan dikenal sebagai sektor dengan risiko tinggi, di mana insiden besar seperti cedera kerja serius dan kematian sering kali terjadi meskipun telah dilakukan investigasi dan tindakan pencegahan.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab utama kecelakaan berdasarkan pendekatan sistem HFACS-MI yang mengklasifikasikan kesalahan manusia dan kelemahan sistemik dalam organisasi tambang. Berdasarkan data kecelakaan kasus cedera Tahun 2024, analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif terhadap berbagai faktor, dari tingkat operator hingga organisasi.
Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kecelakaan paling banyak dipicu oleh unsafe acts, terutama skill-based errors, yang menunjukkan kelemahan pada kompetensi atau keterampilan dasar pekerja. Selain itu, faktor latent failures seperti lemahnya supervisi dan ketidakefisienan sistem organisasi juga berperan penting.
This research examines work-related accidents in the mining industry categorized as injury cases, using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI). The mining industry is known as a high-risk sector, where serious incidents such as major injuries and fatalities frequently occur despite investigations and preventive measures. The study aims to identify the main causal factors of workplace accidents based on the HFACS-MI framework, which classifies human errors and systemic weaknesses within mining organizations. Using data from injury-related accident cases in 2024, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to assess contributing factors from the operator level up to the organizational level. The findings reveal that the majority of accidents were triggered by unsafe acts, particularly skill-based errors, indicating deficiencies in workers' basic competencies. Additionally, latent failures, such as inadequate supervision and organizational inefficiencies, were also found to play a significant role.
