Obesitas sentral adalah penumpukan lemak di area perut yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan proporsi obesitas sentral berdasarkan perilaku konsumsi makanan berisiko dan pola hidup sehat pada wanita usia produktif (15–40 tahun) di DKI Jakarta menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Desain potong lintang dengan analisis chi-square digunakan pada data sekunder. Hasil menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas sentral 45,7%. Konsumsi makanan/minuman manis, berlemak, daging olahan, makanan instan, rendahnya konsumsi buah-sayur, dan kurang aktivitas fisik berkorelasi signifikan dengan obesitas sentral (p<0,05). Hasil ini mendukung pentingnya intervensi perilaku dan kebijakan promosi hidup sehat.

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Central obesity is abdominal fat accumulation increasing risk of degenerative diseases. This study analyzed differences in central obesity prevalence based on risky food consumption behaviors and healthy lifestyle patterns among women aged 15–40 years in DKI Jakarta using 2023 Indonesian Health Survey data. A cross-sectional design with chi-square analysis was applied. Results showed 45.7% prevalence of central obesity. Consumption of sugary foods/drinks, fatty foods, processed meats, instant foods, low fruit-vegetable intake, and insufficient physical activity were significantly associated with central obesity (p<0.05). Findings underscore the need for behavioral interventions and health promotion policies.

Obesitas sentral merupakan kondisi akumulasi lemak berlebih di area perut (intra-abdominal fat) yang berperan sebagai faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular dan sindrom metabolik. Di Indonesia, termasuk wilayah Jakarta, prevalensi obesitas sentral menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berkontribusi adalah pola konsumsi minuman berpemanis atau Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB), yakni minuman yang mengandung pemanis berkalori tinggi seperti soda, minuman rasa buah, teh/kopi kemasan, dan sejenisnya. Konsumsi SSB meningkat seiring dengan kemudahan akses dan kecenderungan masyarakat menjadikannya sebagai pelarian saat stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi minuman berpemanis dengan kejadian obesitas sentral pada kelompok dewasa di perusahaan X. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2024 menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan metode purposive sampling, melibatkan 86 responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi SSB (p=0,002), asupan energi (p=0,009), dan asupan karbohidrat (p=0,001) dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara obesitas sentral dengan aktivitas fisik (p=0,536), jenis kelamin (p=1,000), pengetahuan mengenai SSB (p =0,647), asupan lemak (p=0,219), dan asupan serat (p=0,376). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi SSB, asupan energi, dan karbohidrat perlu menjadi perhatian dalam upaya pencegahan obesitas sentral di kalangan dewasa pekerja.

Central obesity is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the abdominal area (intra-abdominal fat), which serves as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. In Indonesia, including the Jakarta area, the prevalence of central obesity continues to rise. One contributing factor is the pattern of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which are drinks containing high-calorie sweeteners, such as soda, fruit-flavored drinks, packaged tea/coffee, and other sweetened liquid products. SSB consumption has increased due to easier access and the tendency for individuals to use these beverages as a coping mechanism during stress. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SSB consumption and the incidence of central obesity among adults in Company X. The research was conducted in April 2024 using a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling method, involving 86 respondents. The results showed a significant association between SSB consumption (p=0.002), energy intake (p=0.009), and carbohydrate intake (p=0.001) with the incidence of central obesity. Meanwhile, no significant association was found between central obesity and physical activity (p=0.536), sex (p=1.000), knowledge about SSB (p=0.647), fat intake (p=0.219), or fiber intake (p=0.376). These findings suggest that SSB consumption, energy intake, and carbohydrate intake are important factors to consider in efforts to prevent central obesity among working adults.

Anemia gizi besi (AGB) masih menjadi masalah gizi mikro yang umum dialami oleh remaja perempuan di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi AGB adalah dengan mewajibkan fortifikasi zat besi pada tepung terigu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata asupan zat besi dari pangan berbahan tepung terigu berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada siswi SMAN 34 Jakarta tahun 2025. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 65 siswi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata asupan zat besi dari pangan berbahan tepung terigu sebesar 4,19 ± 1,58 mg/hari (27,93% dari AKG). Terdapat perbedaan rerata yang signifikan antara frekuensi jajan, uang jajan, pengaruh teman, dan ketersediaan makanan berbahan tepung terigu dengan asupan zat besi (p < 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa beberapa faktor berpengaruh terhadap kontribusi pangan berbahan tepung terigu terhadap kecukupan zat besi. 

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a prevalent micronutrient deficiency among adolescent girls in Indonesia. One of the government’s strategies to address IDA is mandatory iron fortification in wheat flour. This study aimed to analyze the differences in average iron intake from wheat-based foods based on influencing factors among female students at SMAN 34 Jakarta in 2025. A cross-sectional design was used with a total of 65 respondents. The results showed that the average iron intake from wheat-based foods was 4.19 ± 1.58 mg/day, which only meets 27.93% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Significant differences were found in iron intake based on snacking frequency, amount of pocket money, peer influence, and availability of wheat-based foods at home (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that both internal and external factors influence iron adequacy from wheat-based foods among adolescents.

Penilaian konsumsi gizi/dietary assessment merupakan metode penilaian status gizi untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait pola makan, baik berupa jumlah, jenis, hingga frekuensi pangan yang dikonsumsi. Salah satu metode yang sering digunakan dalam penelitian dengan topik pangan dan kesehatan adalah metode semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (SFFQ). Namun, SFFQ memiliki berbagai kelemahan, salah satunya yaitu daftar makanan dalam kuesioner tidak dapat ditanyakan seluruhnya kepada seluruh kelompok populasi, sehingga diperlukan adaptasi serta tes validitas. Bahan makanan dalam SFFQ disusun berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, hasil uji coba, dan observasi lingkungan sasaran. SFFQ yang terbentuk terdiri dari 19 bahan makanan dan 135 jenis pangan. Perbandingan dilakukan kepada satu kali pengambilan SFFQ untuk mencatat asupan selama sebulan terakhir dengan dua kali pengambilan 24-hour food recall untuk mewakili weekday dan weekend sebagai real intake. Sebanyak 73 siswa kelas 11 dengan rentang usia 16-18 tahun ikut serta dalam penelitian. Hasil uji t berpasangan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan protein SFFQ dengan recall. Setelah dilakukan energy adjustment, hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan SFFQ dengan recall. Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan tingkat validitas sedang (fair) dengan catatan hasil recall weekend saja tidak dapat dianggap sebagai asupan rata-rata harian akibat variance yang terlalu besar.

Dietary assessment is a method used to evaluate nutritional status by collecting information on eating patterns, including the quantity, types, and frequency of foods consumed. One commonly used tool in public health nutrition research is the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ). However, SFFQ has several limitations, including the fact that its food list may not be universally applicable across different population groups, requiring cultural adaptation and validation. The food items included in SFFQ were selected based on previous studies, preliminary testing, and environmental observations of the target population. The finalized SFFQ consisted of 19 food groups and 135 food items. A single SFFQ reflecting intake over the previous month was compared against two 24-hour food recalls representing weekday and weekend as the real intake. A total of 73 eleventh-grade students aged 16–18 years participated in the study. Paired t-test showed significant differences in energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake between SFFQ and recalls. After energy adjustment, correlation analysis showed no significant associations between nutrients derived from SFFQ and those from recalls. The validation results indicated a fair level of validity. However, recall data from the weekend alone should not be considered representative of usual daily intake due to high variability.

Penelitian terkait premature mortality yaitu kematian usia 30-70 tahun akibat PTM di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis tren premature mortality akibat 4NCD, meliputi kardiovaskular (CVD), kanker, diabetes, dan respirasi kronis (CRD) di DKI Jakarta tahun 2020-2024 menggunakan desain potong lintang berdasarkan data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta. Analisis univariat mengkaji tren premature mortality 4NCD berdasarkan distribusi umur, jenis kelamin, wilayah domisili, dan laporan fasilitas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan premature mortality 4NCD diakibatkan CVD (78%), diabetes (17%), kanker (14%), dan CRD (9%). Kematian CVD disebabkan blok penyakit jantung lain (47,4%) dan serebrovaskular (19,4%). Kanker ganas primer di lokasi spesifik (88,7%), DM tipe 2 (77%). Kematian CRD didominasi blok penyakit lain pada sistem pernapasan (34%) dan penyakit pernapasan bawah kronis (27,8%). Premature mortality tertinggi terjadi di usia dewasa paruh baya (49%), lansia muda (46%), dan dewasa muda (5%). Kematian laki-laki (58%) lebih tinggi daripada perempuan (42%). Domisili angka kematian tertinggi terjadi di Jakarta Timur (30%), Jakarta Selatan (19%), Jakarta Utara (17%), dengan sumber laporan tertinggi puskesmas (56%). Kasus kematian tidak spesifik menggambarkan tantangan proses surveilans yang akurat. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan vitalitas kualitas data sebagai penunjang intervensi dan kebijakan yang efektif dan tepat sasaran dalam mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas PTM.

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Research related to premature mortality, deaths aged 30-70 years due to NCDs in Indonesia, is still limited. This study aims to analyze the trend of premature mortality due to 4NCD, including CVD, cancer, diabetes, and CRD in DKI Jakarta in 2020-2024 using a cross-sectional design based on secondary data from DKI Jakarta Health Department. Univariate analysis examined 4NCD premature mortality trends based on age distribution, gender, domicile area, and health facility reports. The results showed 4NCD premature mortality was caused by CVD (78%), diabetes (17%), cancer (14%), and CRD (9%). CVD mortality due to other heart disease (47.4%) and cerebrovascular (19.4%). Site-specific primary malignant cancer (88.7%), type 2 DM (77%). CRD mortality by other respiratory system disease block (34%) and chronic lower respiratory disease (27.8%). Premature mortality was highest in middle-aged adults (49%), young elderly (46%), young adults (5%). Male mortality (58%) was higher than female mortality (42%). Domicile of death was highest in East Jakarta (30%), South Jakarta (19%), North Jakarta (17%), the highest source of report being puskesmas (56%). Unspecified death cases illustrate the challenges of accurate surveillance processes. This study emphasizes the vitality of data quality to support effective and targeted interventions and policies in reducing morbidity.

Stroke merupakan penyebab disabilitas dan kematian akibat penyakit tidak menular yang tinggi secara global. Prevalensi stroke di Indonesia meningkat dari 7% menjadi 10,9% pada 2018. Obesitas sentral memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan kardiovaskular termasuk stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan obesitas sentral dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Kriteria inklusi yaitu responden yang didiagnosis stroke oleh dokter selama satu tahun terakhir, dilakukan pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan, dan lingkar perut lengkap serta melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dalam pengukuran data SKI 2023. Sedangkan kriteria eksklusi yaitu responden hamil saat pengambilan data SKI 2023. Sebanyak 528.957 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan seluruhnya diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji logistic regression untuk mendapatkan asosiasi Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menemukan proporsi stroke pada penduduk usia ≥ 15 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 0.17%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan stroke POR 1.622 (95% CI 1.424 – 1.846). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa obesitas sentral berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian stroke dengan nilai POR 2.166 (95% CI 1.685 – 2.785) setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin dan hipertensi dan berinteraksi dengan hipertensi. Diperlukan upaya penurunan obesitas sentral khususnya pada laki-laki yang menderita hipertensi dengan menerapkan pola makan sehat dan rutin melakukan aktivitas fisik untuk mencegah terjadinya penumpukan lemak sebagai awal meningkatnya kejadian stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death from non-communicable diseases globally. Stroke prevalence in Indonesia increased from 7% to 10.9% in 2018. Central obesity has a close association with cardiovascular including stroke. This study aims to analyze the association of central obesity with stroke incidence in the population aged ≥15 years in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design and used data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The inclusion criteria were respondents diagnosed with stroke by a doctor during the past year, measuring height, weight, and complete abdominal circumference and measuring blood pressure in the 2023 SKI data measurement. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were pregnant respondents when collecting SKI 2023 data. A total of 528,957 respondents met the inclusion criteria and all were taken as research samples. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test to obtain Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) association with 95% confidence interval. This study found the proportion of stroke in the population aged ≥ 15 years in Indonesia was 0.17%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was an association between central obesity and stroke POR 1.622 (95% CI 1.424 - 1.846). Multivariate analysis showed that central obesity was statistically significantly associated with the incidence of stroke with a POR value of 2.166 (95% CI 1.685 - 2.785) after being controlled by gender and hypertension and interacting with hypertension. Efforts are needed to reduce central obesity, especially in men who suffer from hypertension by implementing a healthy diet and routine physical activity to prevent the accumulation of fat as the beginning of an increase in the incidence of stroke.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DM Tipe 2) merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat di Indonesia. Meskipun lebih sering ditemukan pada usia lanjut, kejadian DM Tipe 2 juga semakin banyak dijumpai pada usia produktif. Perbedaan karakteristik faktor risiko antar kelompok usia perlu dikaji untuk mendukung upaya pencegahan yang lebih tepat sasaran. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi diabates melitus pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun dan menggambarkan faktor risiko Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2 pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun dan >40 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk yang terdiagnosis DM Tipe 2. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk menggambarkan distribusi variabel, sedangkan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). Hasil: Prevalensi DM Tipe 2 pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun adalah sebesar 5,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara jenis kelamin, obesitas, hipertensi, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan manis dengan kategori umur penderita DM Tipe 2. Sementara itu, konsumsi minuman manis, konsumsi buah dan sayur, serta konsumsi minuman beralkohol tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: Kejadian DM Tipe 2 menunjukkan perbedaan karakteristik faktor risiko antara kelompok usia. Upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM Tipe 2 perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik kelompok usia

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease with a steadily increasing prevalence in Indonesia. Although it is more commonly found among older adults, T2DM is increasingly detected in the productive-age population. Differences in risk factor characteristics across age groups need to be examined to support more targeted prevention efforts. Objective: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of diabetes melitus among people aged ≤40 years and describe the risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among the Indonesian population aged ≤40 years and >40 years. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The study population consisted of individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Univariate analysis was used to describe variable distributions, while bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). Results: The prevalence of T2DM among individuals aged ≤40 years is 5.7%. Statistically significant associations were found between age category and sex, obesity, hypertension, physical activity, and excessive consumption of sugary foods. In contrast, sugary beverage consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated. Conclusion: The occurrence of T2DM shows differences in risk factor characteristics between age groups. Therefore, prevention and control strategies for T2DM should be tailored to specific age group characteristics.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA pada wanita usia subur di Kelurahan Kebon Melati tahun 2025. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Data primer pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 100 wanita usia subur. Perilaku deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA merupakan variabel dependen. Sedangkan variabel independen meliputi pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap, keterpaparan informasi, dan dukungan suami. Pengisian kuesioner secara langsung oleh peneliti sesuai jawaban dari responden dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan aplikasi SPSS 22. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 16 responden (16%) sudah melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA. Secara statistik, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, keterpaparan informasi, dan dukungan suami dengan perilaku deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA pada wanita usia subur di kelurahan Kebon Melati tahun 2025. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyarankan kepada pihak Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan kegiatan promosi kesehatan melalui penyuluhan atau penyebaran pamflet mengenai kanker serviks dan deteksi dini IVA, serta mengadakan deteksi dini kanker serviks di tempat-tempat yang mudah dijangkau oleh wanita usia subur. 

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This study aims to determine the factors associated with early detection behavior of cervical cancer using the IVA method in women of childbearing age in Kebon Melati Village in 2025. This research method uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. Primary data in this study were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 100 women of childbearing age. The behavior of early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method is the dependent variable. While, the independent variables include education, knowledge, attitude, exposure to information, and husband's support. The questionnaire was filled out directly by the researcher according to the respondents' answers and the results were analyzed using the Chi-square test with the SPSS 22 application. The results of the analysis showed that 16 respondents (16%) had carried out early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method. Statistically, there is a significant relationship between knowledge, exposure to information, and husband's support with the behavior of early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method in women of childbearing age in Kebon Melati sub-district in 2025. The results of this study suggest that the Community Health Centers increase health promotion activities through counseling or distribution of pamphlets regarding cervical cancer and early detection of IVA, as well as conducting early detection of cervical cancer in places that are easily accessible to women of childbearing age.

Obesity is a global health problem with a steadily increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. Among children and adolescents, obesity is influenced by various factors such as genetics, environment, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status. However, research specifically focusing on obesity within this age group remains limited. This study aims to examine the prevalence and determinants of obesity among children and adolescents in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a total sample of 115,053 household members aged 5–19 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed an obesity prevalence of 7.9% (95% CI: 7.6–8.1). Factors significantly associated with increased obesity risk included: male gender [AOR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.451–1.678], higher maternal education [AOR 1.197; 95% CI: 1.106–1.296], working mothers [AOR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.063–1.223], urban residence [AOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.176–1.370], highest socioeconomic status [AOR 1.791; 95% CI: 1.548–2.032], low physical activity [AOR 1.534; 95% CI: 1.230–1.913], consumption of processed food more than once a day [AOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.009–1.242], and fruit and vegetable intake of at least one portion per day [AOR 1.142; 95% CI: 1.060–1.227]. These findings underscore the importance of targeted health promotion interventions addressing these factors to prevent and control obesity among children and adolescents in Indonesia.