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Previous studies have reported that there are long-term effects of quitting smoking on weight gain which also exacerbate prehypertension, but the effects are unclear. This study aims to determine the association of smoking and obesity on the incidence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia. This quantitative research is a cross-sectional analytic study using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with samples of 17,698 and Cox regression analysis. The results of this study explain that the prevalence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia is 52.61%. Multivariate analysis showed non-smokers and obese young adults had the greatest risk of developing prehypertension, which was 1.33 times. However, a decreasing effect was found in young adults who smoked and were obese on the incidence of prehypertension, which was 1.17 times, and a protective effect was found in those who smoked and were not obese (PR=0.88) due to the antagonistic interaction of smoking and obesity on prehypertension by 3.42%. Check blood pressure using applications on smartwatches and smartphones in young adults who smoke and focus on those who are obese plus increasing the implementation of Posbindu PTM in public places and promoting health through social media.
Background: Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. Risk faktors for coronary heart disease include hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. According to Riskesdas data in 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 0.5%. Meanwhile, in 2018 the prevalence of coronary heart disease with a doctor's diagnosis was 1.5%. Then there is an increase in respondents who suffer from coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque consists of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which can partially or completely block blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease Methods: This analysis uses univariate analysis to determine the proportion of research variables, bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stratification analysis to determine the presence of confounding and modification effects. Multivariate analysis to determine the final model. This study used a cross sectional design. Results: found coronary heart disease variables 1.44%, hypertension and obesity 9.77%, hypertension and not obesity 9.64%, not hypertension and obesity 22.04%, not hypertension and not obesity 58.55%. And the relationship of hypertension and obesity to coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables. Conclusion: The relationship of the combined effect of hypertension and obesity with the incidence of coronary heart disease after being controlled by age and sex variables
Hipertensi dan prehipertensi merupakan bagian dari spektrum penyakit kardiovaskular yang kini mulai banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia produktif, dan berpotensi menjadi penyebab utama beban penyakit tidak menular (PTM) jika tidak tertangani sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada remaja dan dewasa muda (15–34 tahun) di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang terkait. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 16.961 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis dilakukan melalui uji chisquare dan regresi logistik dengan nilai p value ≤ 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi
hipertensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (17,6%) dibandingkan laki-laki (16,0%), sedangkan prehipertensi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (19,2%) dibandingkan perempuan (15,1%). Faktor usia, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol, serta determinan sosial seperti pendidikan dan pekerjaan menunjukkan asosiasi dengan kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi, terutama pada kelompok laki-laki. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kebijakan kesehatan berbasis gender yang fokus pada promosi dan pencegahan hipertensi di usia produktif, serta peningkatan deteksi dini untuk memanfaatkan bonus demografi secara optimal.
Hypertension and prehypertension are part of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases that are increasingly prevalent among the productive age group and have the potential to become a major burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) if not addressed early. This study aims to describe the proportion of hypertension and prehypertension cases by sex among adolescents and young adults (aged 15–34 years) in Indonesia, as well as to identify the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 16,961 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression with a p value threshold of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the proportion of hypertension was higher in females (17.6%) than in males (16.0%), while the proportion of prehypertension was higher in males (19.2%) than in females (15.1%). Factors such as age, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors, as well as social determinants like education and occupation, were found to be associated with hypertension and prehypertension, particularly among males. This study recommends the development of gender-sensitive health policies focusing on the promotion and prevention of hypertension among individuals in their productive years, alongside improved early detection efforts to optimize the benefits of the demographic dividend.
Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi prioritas global, penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan. Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan 73,7% kasus DM yang tidak terdiagnosis. Prevalensi DM di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Obesitas sentral dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes melitus. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus. Namun, penentuan diagnosis DM hanya didasarkan pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah sewaktu, tanpa disertai informasi mengenai gejala dan Riwayat DM sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral dengan diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 25.494. Analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan kejadian diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah atau HbA1c pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.
Hasil: Prevalensi diabetes melitus yang baru didiagnosis sebesar 16,0%. Obesitas sentral meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus sebesar 1,6 kali (PR: 1,6; 95% CI: 1,53–1,76) setelah dikontrol usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia.
Kesimpulan: Penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia dengan obesitas sentral memiliki risiko 1,6 kali lebih besar untuk menderita diabetes melitus dibandingkan penduduk usia ≥15 tahun tanpa obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol oleh usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya modifikasi gaya hidup melalui pola makan sehat, aktivitas fisik rutin, serta deteksi dini sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM.
