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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible catastrophic illness with a high financial burden in the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. This study aims to describe the cost and identify factors affecting healthcare costs for CKD services among JKN participants in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023. This research employed a non-experimental quantitative design using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample dataset. Data were analyzed using univariate and non-parametric bivariate tests, including Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a total sample of 22,619 participants. The results showed that the total healthcare expenditure for CKD in DKI Jakarta in 2023 was IDR 555,265,832,525, with an average cost per participant of IDR 3,250,400. The variables of male gender, age 15–59 years, unmarried status, PBI APBN membership segment, class II inpatient rights, frequency of outpatient and inpatient visits, and length of stay were significantly associated with differences in healthcare costs (p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, all studied variables showed a statistically significant relationship or difference in median costs for CKD healthcare services among JKN participants in DKI Jakarta in 2023.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible catastrophic illness with a high financial burden in the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. This study aims to describe the cost and identify factors affecting healthcare costs for CKD services among JKN participants in DKI Jakarta Province in 2023. This research employed a non-experimental quantitative design using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample dataset. Data were analyzed using univariate and non-parametric bivariate tests, including Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a total sample of 22,619 participants. The results showed that the total healthcare expenditure for CKD in DKI Jakarta in 2023 was IDR 555,265,832,525, with an average cost per participant of IDR 3,250,400. The variables of male gender, age 15–59 years, unmarried status, PBI APBN membership segment, class II inpatient rights, frequency of outpatient and inpatient visits, and length of stay were significantly associated with differences in healthcare costs (p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, all studied variables showed a statistically significant relationship or difference in median costs for CKD healthcare services among JKN participants in DKI Jakarta in 2023.
Penelitian ini menganalisis Cost of Illness (COI) peserta JKN dengan penyakit kanker serviks di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan dan Data Upah Rata-Rata per Jam menurut Provinsi Tahun 2022-2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sehingga sampel merupakan seluruh peserta JKN dengan penyakit kanker serviks di Indonesia sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa total Cost of Illness peserta JKN dengan penyakit kanker serviks adalah sebesar Rp105.507.876.365 dengan rata-rata COI per peserta adalah sebesar Rp4.582.340. Nilai COI tersebut belum termasuk dengan klaim obat terpisah yang dibayarkan BPJS Kesehatan diluar paket INA-CBG. Faktor usia, status perkawinan, segmentasi kepesertaan, hak kelas rawat, jumlah kunjungan RJTL, jumlah kunjungan RITL, lama hari perawatan, dan tingkat keparahan berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik terhadap Cost of Illness. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan beban ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kanker serviks sehingga program deteksi dini sangat penting untuk dilakukan demi tercapainya efisiensi biaya kesehatan.
This study analyzed the Cost of Illness (COI) of JKN participants with cervical cancer in Indonesia and the factors that influence it. The research design used was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional approach. The data used in this study are BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data and Average Hourly Wage Data by Province in 2022-2023. The sampling technique used total sampling so that the sample was all JKN participants with cervical cancer in Indonesia according to the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result of this study indicates that the total Cost of Illness of JKN participants with cervical cancer is Rp105.507.876.365 with an average COI per participant of Rp4.582.340. The COI value doesn’t include separate drug claims paid by BPJS Kesehatan outside the INA-CBG package. The factors of age, marital status, membership segmentation, class of care, number of RJTL visits, number of RITL visits, length of treatment days, and severity have a statistically significant effect on the Cost of Illness. The results of this study illustrate the economic burden caused by cervical cancer so that early detection programs are very important to do in order to achieve health cost efficiency.
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorders that affects quality of life and physical function, particularly among the elderly. Physiotherapy plays an essential role in OA management, especially in advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL). Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of outpatient physiotherapy services among BPJS Kesehatan participants diagnosed with osteoarthriti. Methods: This research employed a non-experimental study design with a quantitative approach, using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan sample. Results: The results show that the majority of osteoarthritis (OA) participants utilized physiotherapy services at advanced referral health facilities (FKRTL) with low frequency (<8 sessions), accounting for 88.6%. All independent variables comprising both participant and service characteristics were significantly associated with physiotherapy utilization. The dominant factor was age, particularly in the late adulthood group (36–45 years), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.81–2.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for increased education and more active promotive-rehabilitative interventions, especially among groups at high risk of osteoarthritis, to encourage optimal physiotherapy utilization in OA management.
Low Back Pain is one of the leading causes of disability that often requires long-term medical rehabilitation. However, the frequency of rehabilitation visits among Low Back Pain patients enrolled in the National Health Insurance (JKN) program remains suboptimal. This study aims to describe the visit frequency and analyze the factors associated with the frequency of medical rehabilitation visits among JKN participants with Low Back Pain at referral health facilities (FKRTL). This is a non-experimental quantitative study with a cross-sectional design conducted from February to June 2025, using secondary data from the 2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. The results showed that the majority of LBP patients (65,1%) had a low frequency of rehabilitation visits, indicating poor adherence to therapy. Variables such as age, gender, marital status, residential region and area type, class of care entitlement, participant segmentation, type of FKRTL, and ownership status of FKRTL were significantly associated with the frequency of rehabilitation visits (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need to strengthen monitoring systems for the utilization of medical rehabilitation services, both to address non-adherence and to identify potential overutilization in specific facilities or patient segments.
