Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor bahan baku farmasi serta disrupsi rantai pasok global selama pandemi COVID-19 menegaskan urgensi penguatan kemandirian bioteknologi nasional, termasuk pengembangan vaksin berbasis messenger RNA (mRNA). Namun, implementasi teknologi ini di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan multidimensional, khususnya kewajiban penerapan Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH) sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014. Kompleksitas proses produksi vaksin mRNA yang bersifat cell-free, penggunaan bahan sintetis dan rekombinan, serta rantai pasok global menimbulkan tantangan dalam pemenuhan kriteria halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi SJPH dalam proses produksi vaksin berbasis teknologi mRNA di PT X, mengidentifikasi titik kritis halal yang muncul, serta menganalisis strategi penyesuaian yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam menyelaraskan tuntutan teknis bioproses dengan persyaratan halal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus tunggal. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, telaah dokumen, dan observasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka Teori Difusi Inovasi Rogers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT X berhasil mengintegrasikan 11 kriteria SJPH ke dalam sistem manajemen mutu perusahaan melalui strategi integrasi struktural, pendekatan ilmiah dalam seleksi bahan baku, serta digitalisasi sistem ketertelusuran. Titik kritis halal utama ditemukan pada bahan baku seperti plasmid DNA, enzim, etanol, dan lipid nanoparticles, serta pada penggunaan fasilitas bersama pada tahap fill and finish. Strategi penyesuaian yang diterapkan memungkinkan pemenuhan persyaratan halal tanpa mengorbankan mutu dan integritas teknologi mRNA. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi empiris bagi pengembangan implementasi SJPH pada industri biofarmasi berteknologi tinggi di Indonesia.

Indonesia’s heavy dependence on imported pharmaceutical raw materials, combined with global supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, has underscored the urgency of strengthening national biotechnology self-reliance, particularly in the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. However, the implementation of mRNA vaccine technology in Indonesia faces multidimensional challenges, notably the mandatory application of the Halal Product Assurance System (Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal/SJPH) as stipulated in Law No. 33 of 2014. The complexity of mRNA vaccine production, which involves cell-free bioprocesses, synthetic and recombinant materials, and globally distributed supply chains, poses significant challenges in meeting halal compliance requirements. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Halal Product Assurance System in the mRNA vaccine production process at PT X, to identify critical halal control points, and to examine the adjustment strategies adopted to reconcile advanced biotechnological processes with halal requirements. A qualitative approach with a single-case holistic study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document review, and observation, and analyzed using Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation theory as the analytical framework. The findings indicate that PT X has successfully integrated the 11 SJPH criteria into its quality management system through structural integration, a science-based approach to raw material selection, and the digitalization of traceability systems. Key halal critical points were identified in raw materials, including plasmid DNA, enzymes, ethanol, and lipid nanoparticles, as well as in the use of shared facilities during the fill-and-finish stage. The adjustment strategies implemented enabled halal compliance without compromising product quality or the technological integrity of mRNA vaccines. This study provides empirical insights into halal assurance implementation in high-technology biopharmaceutical industries and offers practical implications for industry stakeholders and regulators in developing adaptive halal governance frameworks for advanced biotechnology

Rendahnya cakupan imunisasi polio di Indonesia menimbulkan kembalinya penyakit polio dengan 12 kasus terkonfirmasi. Munculmya kasus tersebut ditetapkan sebagai Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB), terdapat 32 provinsi dan 399 kabupaten/kota berisiko tinggi terhadap polio. Salah satu hambatan utama adalah keraguan masyarakat terhadap status kehalalan vaksin, khususnya di wilayah dengan tingkat pengaruh islam yang kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi hambatan dan tantangan promosi vaksinasi polio serta bentuk kerjasama multisektoral dalam mengatasi keraguan terhadap vaksin halal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan desain fenomenologi, melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap tiga belas informan yang berasal dari kementerian dan lembaga pemerintah, organisasi keagamaan, perusahaan vaksin, peneliti, dan pegiat media sosial. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi dengan pendekatan Social Ecological Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat individu, muncul sikap penolakan vaksin, hoaks, dan keraguan terhadap ketidakpastian status halal. Pada level interpersonal budaya patriarki dan ritual keagamaan bepengaruh terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi, sedangkan tokoh agama memiliki peran strategis dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan. Pada level komunitas, interaksi antar organisasi dan Lembaga sudah menunjukkan tren yang baik meskipun masih ditemukan tantangan. Pada level institusi dan sistem, tantangan mencakup kurangnya transparansi proses sertifikasi halal, diseminasi informasi yang belum merata, serta koordinasi antarinstansi yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyarankan pentingnya sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan dalam strategi promosi vaksinasi, penguatan komunikasi berbasis budaya dan agama, serta transparansi sertifikasi halal yang mudah dipahami masyarakat. Diharapkan hasil ini dapat menjadi rekomendasi bagi perumusan kebijakan promosi vaksin dan pengembangan vaksin halal yang lebih efektif dan inklusif.

The low coverage of polio immunisation in Indonesia has led to the re-emergence of polio, with twelve confirmed cases. These cases have been classified as an outbreak, with 32 provinces and 399 districts/cities identified as high-risk areas. A key barrier is public hesitancy regarding the halal status of vaccines, particularly in regions with high levels of religiosity. This study aims to explore the barriers and challenges in promoting polio vaccination and to examine forms of multisectoral collaboration in addressing halal-related concerns. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, involving in-depth interviews with thirteen informants from ministries and governmental agencies, religious organisations, vaccine companies, researchers, and social media advocates. Data were analysed using content analysis, framed by the Social Ecological Model (SEM). The findings reveal that at the individual level, vaccine rejection, misinformation, and uncertainty about halal certification were prevalent. At the interpersonal level, patriarchal cultural norms and religious rituals influenced vaccine acceptance, while religious leaders played a strategic role in building public trust. At the community level, inter-organisational interactions have shown promising developments, despite persistent challenges. At the institutional and systemic levels, obstacles included lack of transparency in the halal certification process, uneven information dissemination, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. The study underscores the importance of stakeholder synergy in vaccination promotion strategies, the reinforcement of culturally and religiously tailored communication, and the provision of clear and accessible information regarding halal certification. These findings offer critical recommendations for formulating more effective and inclusive vaccine promotion policies and developing halal-certified vaccines.

Masalah gizi pada remaja, khususnya anemia dan stunting, masih menjadi tantangan besar di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri mencapai 15,5%. Di Aceh, menurut Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi, angka prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri bahkan lebih tinggi, yaitu sekitar 32%. Program Aksi Bergizi diluncurkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengatasi masalah ini melalui edukasi gizi dan pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) di sekolah-sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi Program Aksi Bergizi di SMA X Kota Subulussalam pada tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan Teori Difusi Inovasi dalam organisasi dari Rogers untuk menganalisis proses adopsi dan keberlanjutan program di lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui FGD dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan utama, yaitu kepala sekolah, guru, tenaga kesehatan, dan siswa yang terlibat dalam program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Program Aksi Bergizi di SMA X berjalan sesuai dengan tahapan difusi inovasi Rogers. Pada tahap agenda-setting, masalah gizi dan anemia diidentifikasi sebagai isu prioritas nasional yang diteruskan ke sekolah-sekolah. Namun, tahapan ini lebih bersifat top-down dan tidak sepenuhnya didasarkan pada data lokal. Pada tahap matching, program ini dinilai relevan dengan kebutuhan siswa, terutama dalam mencegah anemia, namun pelaksanaannya terhambat oleh keterbatasan fasilitas dan waktu. Program ini lebih efektif diterapkan pada siswa asrama diabndingkan siswa non-asrama. Di tahap redefining/restructuring, meskipun sekolah telah menyesuaikan struktur dan kebijakan internal untuk mendukung pelaksanaan program, keterbatasan sumber daya dan anggaran masih menjadi kendala utama. Pada tahap clarifying, pemahaman siswa tentang program masih bervariasi, dengan sebagian siswa merasa ragu untuk mengonsumsi TTD karena kekhawatiran akan efek samping. Terakhir, pada tahap routinizing, meskipun beberapa komponen program, seperti senam dan sarapan sehat, telah menjadi bagian dari rutinitas di kalangan siswa asrama, program ini belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dalam kegiatan sekolah secara keseluruhan. Sekolah diharapkan untuk menyusun SOP internal yang mengatur pelaksanaan program secara lebih terstruktur. Dinas Kesehatan juga perlu meningkatkan dukungan teknis, menyediakan pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi guru dan tenaga kesehatan sekolah, serta memperkuat koordinasi dalam pelaksanaan program.

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Nutritional issues among adolescents, particularly anemia and stunting, remain a significant challenge in Indonesia, with the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls reaching 15.5%. In Aceh, according to the Provincial Health Office, the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls is even higher, around 32%. The "Aksi Bergizi" (Nutritional Action Program) was launched by the Indonesian government to address these issues through nutritional education and the provision of Iron Supplement Tablets (TTD) in schools. This study aims to assess the implementation of the Aksi Bergizi Program at SMA X in Subulussalam City in 2024, using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory to analyze the adoption process and sustainability of the program within the school environment. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews with key informants, including the school principal, teachers, health staff, and students involved in the program. The results show that the implementation of the Aksi Bergizi Program at SMA X followed the stages of Rogers' innovation diffusion theory. In the agenda-setting stage, issues of nutrition and anemia were identified as national priorities passed down to schools. However, this stage was more top-down and not fully based on local data. In the matching stage, the program was considered relevant to the students' needs, especially in preventing anemia. However, its implementation faced challenges due to limited facilities and time constraints. The program was more effectively implemented with boarding students compared to non-boarding students. In the redefining/restructuring stage, although the school adjusted its internal structure and policies to support the program, limited resources and budget remained significant barriers. In the clarifying stage, students' understanding of the program varied, with some students hesitant to consume the Iron Supplement Tablets (TTD) due to concerns about side effects. Finally, in the routinizing stage, although some components of the program, such as exercise and healthy breakfasts, had become part of the routine for boarding students, the program had not yet been fully integrated into the school's overall activities. The school is recommended to establish an internal Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to structure the implementation of the program more effectively. The Health Office should also enhance technical support, provide ongoing training for teachers and school health staff, and strengthen coordination in the program's implementation.

Obesity and hypercholesterolemia increase the risk of heart disease and are key global public health concerns. The workplace plays an important role in prevention by protecting workers’ health. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a health promotion program at PT X during 2023–2024 using a qualitative case study approach. Structurally, the program is supported by policies, funding, and digitalization, though capacity and coordination need improvement. Process-wise, data-driven planning and socialization were conducted, but participation declined due to low individual motivation. Outcomes showed a decrease in obesity and hypercholesterolemia, though not yet significant. Evaluation and updated success indicators are essential.

Fenomena underreporting diare di Indonesia menyebabkan stakeholder kekurangan informasi untuk pengembangan kebijakan dan program. Surveilans penyakit bawaan pangan perlu dilengkapi dengan surveilans faktor Risiko. Sistem informasi dapat mempermudah pencatatan, pelaporan, dan analisis data untuk menunjang pengembangan program penyehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Inspeksi Kesehatan Lingkungan yang sudah ada di Kota Depok agar dapat menyediakan informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk pemantauan patogen pencemar pangan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah riset operasional untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi menggunakan metode prototyping. Tahapan pengembangan sistem pada penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis kebutuhan, perancangan dan pengembangan prototipe sistem informasi, uji coba oleh pengguna, dan perbaikan prototipe. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada tahap analisis kebutuhan. Penentuan informan pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan kriteria tenaga sanitasi lingkungan Puskesmas dan Tim Kerja Penyehatan Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok yang masih atau pernah bertugas pada bidang terkait minimal 1 tahun terakhir, pernah menggunakan sistem informasi inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan minimal 1 bulan terakhir, dan terlibat dalam proses administrasi pengawasan keamanan pangan di Kota Depok. Sistem informasi dikembangkan untuk memanfaatkan data yang dikumpulkan oleh TSL pada kegiatan inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan. Sistem informasi dapat mengolah data dan menyajikan hasilnya dalam bentuk grafik potensi faktor risiko, grafik sampel pangan tercemar E.coli, dan grafik perbandingan wilayah yang ditemukan cemaran E.coli. Informasi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem informasi ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan program penyehatan lingkungan maupun keamanan pangan.

The phenomenon of underreporting of diarrhea in Indonesia causes stakeholders to lack information for policy and program development. Foodborne disease surveillance needs to be complemented with risk factor surveillance. Information systems can facilitate data recording, reporting, and analysis to support the development of environmental health programs. This study aims to develop the existing Environmental Health Inspection Information System in Depok City to provide the information needed for monitoring food contaminant pathogens. The methodology used is operational research to develop the information system using the prototyping method. The system development stages in this study consist of needs analysis, design and development of an information system prototype, user trials, and prototype improvements. This study uses a qualitative approach in collecting data used in the needs analysis stage. The determination of informants in this study used purposive sampling, with the criteria of environmental sanitation workers from Community Health Centers and Environmental Health Work Teams of the Depok City Health Office who are currently or have worked in related fields for at least the past 1 year, have used the environmental health inspection information system for at least the past 1 month, and are involved in the administrative process of food safety supervision in Depok City. An information system was developed to utilize data collected by TSL during environmental health inspections. The information system can process the data and present the results in the form of graphs of potential risk factors, graphs of E. coli-contaminated food samples, and comparison graphs of areas where E. coli contamination was found. The information generated by this information system is expected to be used in the development of environmental health and food safety programs.

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada Orang Dengan HIV (ODHIV). Risiko ODHIV untuk mengalami TB aktif 15 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi umum sehingga WHO merekomendasikan Terapi Pencegahan Tuberkulosis (TPT) sebagai bagian penting dari layanan kolaborasi TB-HIV. Meskipun demikian, implementasi TPT di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang dapat memengaruhi cakupan dan keberlanjutan program. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan program TPT pada ODHIV di Kabupaten Bogor menggunakan kerangka Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, dan Maintenance (RE-AIM) serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan dan kepatuhan TPT berdasarkan Health Belief Model (HBM). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap pengelola program HIV, pelaksana program HIV, pendamping ODHIV, serta ODHIV sebagai sasaran TPT, dan diperkuat dengan telaah dokumen program. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik berdasarkan dimensi RE-AIM dan HBM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program TPT telah menjangkau sebagian besar ODHIV yang memenuhi syarat dan dipersepsikan memberikan manfaat dalam mencegah TB. Adopsi program didukung oleh komitmen pengelola program, kolaborasi program TB-HIV, serta keterlibatan tenaga kesehatan dan pendamping sebaya. Namun, implementasi program masih menghadapi tantangan berupa keterbatasan ketersediaan obat, beban kerja petugas, serta edukasi yang belum merata. Keberlanjutan program dipengaruhi oleh integrasi layanan, dukungan kebijakan, dan kesiapan sistem kesehatan dalam mempertahankan layanan pasca-berakhirnya dukungan Global Fund. Berdasarkan HBM, penerimaan dan kepatuhan TPT dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kerentanan dan keparahan TB, persepsi manfaat TPT, hambatan yang dirasakan, efikasi diri, serta dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan pendamping sebagai pendorong tindakan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi TPT pada ODHIV di Kabupaten Bogor telah berjalan cukup baik, namun masih diperlukan penguatan edukasi, peningkatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, penguatan peran pendamping ODHIV, jaminan ketersediaan logistik, dan strategi keberlanjutan program untuk meningkatkan cakupan, kepatuhan, dan kualitas pelaksanaan TPT.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among People Living with HIV (PLHIV). The risk of developing active TB is 15 times higher among PLHIV than in the general population; therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) as an essential component of TB-HIV collaborative services. Nevertheless, the implementation of TPT in Indonesia continues to face various challenges that may affect program coverage and sustainability. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the TPT program among PLHIV in Bogor District using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and to analyze factors influencing TPT acceptance and adherence based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with HIV program managers, HIV program implementers, peer supporters, and PLHIV as the target beneficiaries of TPT, and were complemented by a review of program documents. Data were analyzed thematically based on the RE-AIM and HBM dimensions. The findings indicated that the TPT program had reached most eligible PLHIV and was perceived to provide benefits in preventing TB. Program adoption was supported by the commitment of program managers, TB-HIV program collaboration, and the involvement of healthcare workers and peer supporters. However, program implementation still faced challenges, including limited drug availability, high workload among healthcare providers, and uneven delivery of education and counseling. Program sustainability was influenced by service integration, policy support, and the readiness of the health system to maintain services following the end of Global Fund support. Based on the HBM, TPT acceptance and adherence were influenced by perceived susceptibility to and severity of TB, perceived benefits of TPT, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and support from healthcare workers and peer supporters as cues to action. This study concludes that the implementation of TPT among PLHIV in Bogor District has been relatively successful; however, strengthening education, enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers, strengthening the role of PLHIV companions. ensuring the availability of logistics and medications, and developing program sustainability strategies are still needed to improve coverage, adherence, and the quality of TPT implementation.