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The world's population is currently in the era of the aging population, namely the population aged more than 60 years exceeding 10% of the total population. The elderly are one of the groups that are prone to suffer from malnutrition. In order not to become a burden for the community, it is necessary to take care of health for the elderly. The population morbidity rate in West Sumatra is the highest in the elderly group, namely 25.64%. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the nutritional status of the elderly. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from FKM Andalas University in 2021. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test, multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. The sample of this study was 140 respondents in Pariaman City and Padang City. The results of this study indicate that the nutritional status of the elderly in the cities of Padang and Pariaman is more nutritional status with the prevalence of elderly nutritional status at 37.1%. Based on multivariate results, it is known that disease history is the most dominant factor influencing the incidence of elderly nutrition in Pariaman City and Padang City after being controlled by the variables of exercise habits, marital status, employment status and smoking behavior (p = 0.003, OR 4.172 95% CI = 1,602-10,863). Family awareness is needed to pay more attention to consumption, activities and healthy living behavior of the elderly in order to prevent more nutritional status in the elderly
Menarche adalah menstruasi yang pertama kali dialami oleh seorang remaja putri. Menarche yang semakin dini memungkinkan remaja lebih cepat bersentuhan dengan kehidupan seksual sehingga kemungkinan untuk hamil dan menjadi ibu semakin besar. Menarche dini memberikan dampak terjadinya obesitas pada saat dewasa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran variabel yang berhubungan dengan status menarche, mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan status menarche dan juga hubungan status gizi dengan status menarche pada remaja (usia 10-15 tahun) di Indonesia apakah dipengaruhi oleh asupan energi, keadaan sosial ekonomi keluarga, wilayah tempat tinggal dan usia menarche ibu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah remaja usia 10–15 tahun. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder hasil Riskesdas tahun 2010 yang dilakukan oleh Balitbangkes, KemKes RI. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Mei – Juni 2011 di FKM - UI. Analisis data dilakukan untuk semua variabel, bivariat dan stratifikasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 6802 responden (usia 10-15 tahun) di Indonesia sebesar 20,8% (1418 responden) sudah mengalami menarche dengan rata-rata usia menarche adalah 12,74±1,19 tahun. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan status menarche dengan nilai OR 1,940. Berdasarkan hasil analisis stratifikasi, tidak ada variabel confounder dalam hubungan antara status gizi dengan status menarche. Uji efek modifikasi juga menghasilkan tidak ada variabel yang berinteraksi pada hubungan antara status gizi dengan status menarche. Status gizi merupakan faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan status menarche, maka yang berkaitan dengan status gizi adalah konsumsi makanan sebagai asupan gizi remaja putri yang perlu mendapat perhatian utama. Oleh karena itu disarankan untuk memasyarakatkan dan menerapkan PUGS melalui sekolah dan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi remaja diberikan sedini mungkin. Daftar bacaan : 51 (1985-2011) Kata kunci : menarche, status gizi, remaja
Menarche is the first time menstruation experienced by girl. Early menarche allows a faster teenager in touch with her sex lives so the chances of teens to get pregnant and become a mother getting bigger. Early menarche impact obesity in adult. The study aims to know the description of variables related to menarche status, to know the association between nutritional status and menarche status and also the association between nutritional status and menarche in adolescent (aged 10-15 years) in Indonesia whether influenced by energy intake, family socio-economic situation, area of residence, and maternal age of menarche. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and cross sectional design. The sample of study was girls aged 10-15 years. The data in this study is secondary data of Riskesdas in 2010 conducted by the National in Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health. The study was conducted in MayJune 2011 in the Faculty of Public Health – University of Indonesia, Depok – West Java. Data analysis are performed univariate, bivariate, and stratification. The study found that from 6802 respondents (aged 10-15 years) in Indonesia, 20,8% (1418 respondents) had experienced menarche with an average of menarche was 12,74±1,19 years. There is a significant association between nutritional status and menarche status with OR value 1,940. Based on stratification analysis, there is no confounder variables in association between nutritional status and menarche status. Modification effect test also shows there is no variable interact in association nutritional status and menarche status. Nutritional status is the major factor associated with menarche status, so that factor associated to nutritional status that is consumption of food as girl nutrient intake should receive primary attention. It is therefore advisible to promote and implement General Guidelines of Balance Nutrition through school and adolescent reproductive health knowledge should be given as early as possible. Reference : 51 (1985-2011) Key words : menarche, nutritional status, adolescents
Prevalensi kurang gizi baik makro maupun mikro pada anak sekolah cukup tinggi. Hal ini akan berdampak buruk terhadap kemampuan belajar dan prestasi di sekolah, daya tahan tubuh, pertumbuhan dan berkurangnya nafsu makan (Soemantri, 1985; Chwang et al. 1988, Lawless, 1994, Soekarjo, 2001). Karenanya, masalah ini harus ditangani dengan baik. Salah satu upaya yang depat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan suplementasi susu yang difortifikasi besi dan seng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah efek suplementasi susu 2 kali sehari selama 6 bulan, dapat memperbaiki status gizi pada pengukuran 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah longitudinal, prospektif observational study selama 3 bulan, yang dilakukan kepada anak berusia 7-9 tahun di daerah miskin perkotaan Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Bulan Februari hingga Mei 2008, di 5 SDN di kelurahan Balimester dan Kampung Melayu, Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 209 anak, dimana 107 orang anak selama 6 bulan mendapatkan suplementasi susu yang difortifikasi besi dan seng (kelompok susu fortitikasi) dan 102 orang mendepatkan susu non fortili.kasi (kelompok susu non fortitikasi). Pengukuran antropometri, asupan makanan dan karakteristik subject dilakukan 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi pade 0 bulan, status gizi pade 6 bulan, asupan protein, jumlah anak, penghasilan orang tua dan tingkat pendidikan ibu terhadap status gizi pada saat 3 bulan setelah suplemenlasi dihentikan. Pemberian suplementasi susu, baik yang difortifikasi besi dan seng maupun tanpa fortikfikasi, 2 kali sehari selama 6 bulan dapat meningkatkan status gizi pada pengukuran 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan. Juga tidak terjadi perubahan status gizi antara pengukuran diakhir suplamentasi dengan 3 bulan setelahnya. Status gizi anak sangat ditentukan oleh asupan hariannya. Asupan harian anak pada penelitian ini sebagian besar kurang dari 80% AKG, sehingga mereka sangat berisiko kekurangan gizi baik makro maupun mikro. Usaha-usaha yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah antara lain memberikan suplemenlasi zat gizi, pemberian makanan tambahan anak sekolah (PMTAS) perlu dilanjutkan. Pembarian susu yang difortifikasi zat gizi dapat dijadikan satu alternatif pilihan.
Prevalence of micro and macronutrient deficiency are quite high in school-age children. It can make detrimental effects on learning ability, school performance, resistance to disease, physical growth and appetite (Soemantri, 1985; Chwang et al. 1988, Lawless, 1994, Soekarjo, 2001). Therefore, the problem should be bendled seriously. Iron and zinc fortified milk supplementation is one alternative to improve nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six months iron, zinc fortified milk which had been given twice a day to undernourished children aged 7-9 years in poor urban area of Jakarta, on their nutrient intake, anthropometry indices and nutritional status after 3 months supplementation begin stopped. Design of this study is observational, prospective kohort. The study had been lasted 3 months, February to May 2008 in 5 Primary Schools. Two hundred and nine subjects who participated in previous study were observed and measured their nutritional status, anthropometry indices and socio-economic characteristic. A hundred and seven subjects received iron-zinc fortified milk and a hundred and two subjects received regular milk for 6 months. Iron and zinc fortified or non fortified milk supplementation, twice a day for 6 months, improve nutritional status, anthropometry indices when measured 3 months after supplementation or the effect of nutritional status improvement still has been maintained when measured 3 months later. Bivariat analysis results had been shown, there was a signilicant relationship between nutritional status before and after supplementation on nutritional status next 3 months. Also there was found and significant result on protein intake, number of child, parent revenue and mother educational level on nutritional status 3 months after supplementation. Nutritional status of children will be related to their daily nutrient intake. After the milk supplementation was stopped, their daily food intake becoming decrease. Their dally nutrient intake mostly less than 80 % RDA and make them have high risk of macro-micro nutrient deficiency. Some efforts have been done by govermnent such as micronutrient supplementation, complementary food for school children, suppose to be continued. Another alternative has been offered by this study result was giving fortified milk supplementation.
