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This thesis discusses the relationship of age, sex, food appearance,taste of food, food menu, food presentation, and service providers with soft food acceptance in adult patients at Gatot Soebroto The Army Hospital Jakarta. Sample of this study were inpatients who met the inclusion criteria and were selected by purposive sampling. The number of sample is 94. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Food acceptance is measured by the difference between the initial weighing of food with the rest of the patients in the daily diet.
Malnutrisi merupakan komplikasi serius yang umum terjadi pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) yang menjalani hemodialisa (HD). Kondisi ini berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas hidup, meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian malnutrisi pada pasien PGK dengan HD di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 133 pasien rawat jalan yang menjalani HD minimal tiga bulan. Status gizi diukur menggunakan metode Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), sementara data sekunder berasal dari telaah rekam medis. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usia ≥60 tahun (OR = 2,9; p = 0,036) dan asupan energi <70% dari kebutuhan harian (OR = 7,8; p = 0,003) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian malnutrisi. Faktor lain seperti jenis kelamin, durasi dan frekuensi HD, komorbiditas (diabetes melitus, hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular), serta asupan protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat tidak berhubungan signifikan secara statistik. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa usia lanjut dan defisit asupan energi merupakan faktor dominan terhadap risiko malnutrisi. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan status gizi secara berkala dan intervensi gizi yang difokuskan pada peningkatan asupan energi perlu menjadi prioritas dalam tata laksana pasien HD. Strategi yang disarankan meliputi konseling gizi individual, edukasi kepada keluarga, dan pemberian oral nutrition supplement jika diperlukan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan kebijakan intervensi gizi berbasis bukti dan penyusunan pedoman pemantauan gizi bagi pasien PGK dengan HD di rumah sakit rujukan nasional. Pendekatan multidisiplin antara dokter, ahli gizi, perawat, dan keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung pencapaian status gizi optimal secara berkelanjutan.
Malnutrition is a serious complication commonly found in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This condition negatively affects quality of life and increases the risks of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with malnutrition among CKD patients undergoing HD at Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 133 outpatients who had been on HD for at least three months. Nutritional status was assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method. Primary data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires and a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while secondary data were obtained from medical records. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate analyses using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that patients aged ≥60 years (OR = 2.9; p = 0.036) and those with energy intake <70% of daily requirements (OR = 7.8; p = 0.003) had a significantly higher risk of malnutrition. Other variables such as sex, duration and frequency of HD, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease), and intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were not statistically associated with nutritional status. These findings highlight that older age and insufficient energy intake are dominant risk factors for malnutrition. Therefore, regular nutritional monitoring and interventions focused on increasing energy intake should be prioritized in the management of HD patients. Recommended strategies include individualized nutrition counseling, family education, and provision of oral nutrition supplements when necessary. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for the development of evidence-based nutrition intervention policies and guidelines for nutritional monitoring of CKD patients undergoing HD in national referral hospitals. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dietitians, nurses, and family members is essential to support the achievement of optimal and sustainable nutritional status in HD patients.
CED) is a condition of insufficient nutrients needed by the body due to long-term food shortage, characterized by an MUAC <23.5 cm. Adolescent girls are one of the groups vulnerable to CED. According to the 2018 Riskesdas, adolescent girls have the highest prevalence of CED in Indonesia (36.3%), which, when categorized based on WHO's classification of public health problems, is considered a high prevalence. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of CED in female high school students in Depok City and its dominant factor. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 240 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 44.6% of female high school students in Depok City were at risk of CED. There were significant relationships between energy intake, macronutrient intake, parental income, nutrition-related knowledge, body image, and social media influence with the risk of CED in female high school students in Depok City. However, there was no significant relationship between parental education and occupation with the risk of CED in female high school students in Depok City. Nutrition-related knowledge was the dominant factor for CED risk in female high school students in Depok City (OR=10.294).
Background: The tendency of eating disorders can be defined as physical and psychosocial health disorders characterized by dysfunctional eating behavior and distorted body image. WHO (2019) states that globally there are 3 million children and adolescents experiencing eating disorders. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the tendency of eating disorders among adolescent girls at Senior High School 28 Jakarta in 2024. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and uses primary data collected from 161 respondents. Results: The prevalence of the tendency of eating disorders in adolescent girls at Senior High School 28 Jakarta in 2024 was 67,7%. There is a significant relationship between body image, diet history, family influence, and social media influence with the tendency of eating disorders. There are differences in the average stress level scores and standard deviations of BMI for age between adolescent girls with the tendency of eating disorders and adolescent girls without the tendency of eating disorders. Meanwhile, it is known that self-confidence, peer influence, and social media dependence do not have a significant relationship with the tendency of eating disorders. Conclusion: Schools can increase awareness of the tendency of eating disorders in adolescent girls by conducting education targeting students, teachers, and parents to facilitate early detection.
