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ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Perawat mempunyai risiko terinfeksi virus yang ditularkan melalui darah seperti virus HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B dan Hepatitis C. Penularan dapat dicegah dengan penerapan prinsip kewaspadaan universal.Tujuan : Diketahuinya gambaran praktik kewaspadaan universal oleh perawat di RSUD Karawang dan hubungannya dengan faktor predisposisi, faktor pemungkin dan faktor penguat. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan metode potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2013. Data diperoleh dari 77 responden melalui self administered questionnaires dan observasi. Hasil : Penelitian menunjukkan hanya 44,2% responden yang melakukan praktik kewaspadaan universal dengan baik. Dari hasil uji chi square, variabel yang secara signifikan berhubungan dengan praktik kewaspadaan universal adalah pengetahuan (p = 0,045) dan pengawasan atasan (p = 0,011) serta dukungan teman sekerja (p = 0,037). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah adalah pendidikan, lama masa kerja, sikap, ketersediaan SOP, ketersediaan fasilitas dan pelatihan. Kesimpulan : Faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan praktik kewaspadaan universal adalah pengawasan atasan. Responden yang mendapatkan pengawasan atasan mempunyai peluang lebih dari 3 kali untuk melakukan praktik kewaspadaan universal dibandingkan yang tidak mendapatkan pengawasan atasan.
ABSTRACT Background : The nurse has a risk to be invected by the virus that is infected blood borne pathogens through the blood such as the virus of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. The infection can be prevented by the principle of Universal Precautions. Objective: Knowledgeable overview of the practice of universal precautions by nurses in RSUD Karawang and the associated with predisposition factor, enabling factors and reinforcing factors. Methods: The research uses the analytic descriptive with a crosssectional method which is held on June-July 2013. The data is obtained from 77 respondents through self administered questionnaires and observation. Results: Result of research shows only 44.2% of respondents who practice universal precautions as well. From the results of the chi square test, the variables that were significantly associated with the practice of universal precautions is knowledge (p = 0.045) and control superiors (p = 0.011) as well as the support of co-workers (p = 0.037). Variables are unrelated is education, length of service, attitude, availability of SOP, availability of facilities and training. Conclusions: Factors most associated with the practice of universal precautions is superior supervision. Respondents who have a chance of getting control superiors more than 3 times to practice universal precautions than not getting control superiors.
Standard precautions are one of the principles of infection prevention and control efforts with the aim of preventing disease transmission in the environment around health care facilities. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the standard vigilance behavior of Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office officers in 2023 based on the theory of the Health Belief Model. This study used a cross sectional study design. A sample of 140 officers was taken by simple random sampling. Data collection by means of respondents filling out the questionnaire themselves. Univariate, bivariate (Chi Square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyzes were performed in this study. The results showed that Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office Officers had good standard precautionary behavior. The individual perception factor associated with standard vigilance behavior is self-efficacy. The modifying factor associated with standard vigilance behavior is training. Self-efficacy is the most dominant factor associated with standard vigilance behavior of officers, officers who have low self-efficacy are 4.07 times more likely to have less standard vigilance behavior than officers with high self-efficacy (OR= 4.07 95% CI 1.788 - 9.286). For this reason, the Ministry of Health and the Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office can work together to make efforts to increase the self-efficacy of officers through the implementation of intensive and comprehensive training programs for officers so that the implementation of standard precautionary behaviors can be maximized. Keywords: Standard precautions, behavior, officers, Class I Tanjung Priok Port Health Office.
Bidan merupakan salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang mempunyai resiko tinggi terhadap kemungkinan terpapar oleh berbagai kuman penyakit, seperti HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HBC) dan penyakit-penyakit lain. Salah satu upaya perlindungan diri adalah dengan menerapkan kewaspadaan universal melalui tindakan cuci tangan secara benar, penggunaan alat pelindung diri, mencagah tusukan alat/benda tajam dan memprosesan alat bekas pakai. Adapun konsep yang dianut adalah, bahwa semua darah dan cairan tubuh tertentu harus dikelola sebagai sumber yang dapat menularkan HIV, Hepatitis dan berbagai penyakit melalui darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kepatuhan bidan dalam menerapkan kewaspadaan universal dan factor-faktor yang berhubungan dan untuk mengetahui mengetahui seberapa jauh factor predisposisi, factor pemungkin dan factor penguat berpengaruh penerapan kewaspadaan universal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang, data diperoleh melalui observasi langsung di ruang bersalin dan pengisisan kuesioner oleh responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 33.3% responden yang menerapkan kewaspadaan universal dengan benar yaitu menerapkan seluruh komponen kewaspadaan universal dengan baik dan 66.7% responden yang tidak menerapkan kewaspadaan universal dengan benar. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh dari berbagai factor baik predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat, tidak ada yang berhubungan dengan penerapan kewaspadaan universal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kemungkinan masih ada faktor lain yang belum ada didalam penelitian ini dan kemungkinan Rumah Sakit menjadi tempat rujukan, sehingga kasus yang masuk tergolong gawat darurat dan pada pasien dalam kondisi persalinana masuk dalam tahapan fase aktif yang membutuhkan waktu yang cepat dalam setiap penanganan. Secara keseluruhan terlihat bahwa hasil studi ini kurang mendukung hipotesis penelitian. Untuk itu disarankan dilakukannya penelitian lain dengan tambahan variabel, misalnya kebijakan pimpinan, pemantauan ketat, dan kualitas pelatihan yang diberikan. Kata Kunci: Kewaspadaan universal, bidan dan Pertolongan persalinan.
The midwife is one of the health workers who have a high risk of possible exposure to the various germs, such as HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HBC) and other diseases. One safeguard yourself is to implement universal precautions through the action of washing hands properly, use of personal protective equipment, prevent malicious stab tools / sharps and processing more tools used. The concept adopted is that all blood and certain body fluids should be managed as a source that can transmit HIV, hepatitis and other blood-borne diseases. The purpose of this study to know the description of midwives compliance in applying universal precautions and related factors and to find out find out how far the predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors affect the application of universal precautions. This study is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design, the data obtained through direct observation in the delivery room and filling the questionnaire by respondents. The results showed that 33.3% of respondents correctly apply the universal precautions that apply all the components of universal precautions with good and 66.7% of respondents who did not correctly apply the universal precautions. From the results obtained from a variety of factors either predisposing, enabling and reinforcing, no one associated with the implementation of universal precautions. Based on the results of research are likely to still another factor that does not exist in this study and possibly become a referral hospital, so that the incoming cases classified as emergency and in patients in persalinana conditions included in the active phase of stages that require fast time in each treatment. Overall seen that the results of this study do not support the hypothesis of the study. It is recommended to do another study with additional variables, such as policy management, close monitoring, and quality of training provided. Keyword: Universal precautions, midwives and childbirth Relief.
Kata kunci:Kehamilan, utilisasi, pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut
It has been known that dental and oral health problems are correlated with pregnancyand adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight, pre-eclampsia and pretermbirth. Seeking dental health services when pregnant has many benefits, however,previous studies showed that utilization of dental health service by pregnant womenwere low in Indonesia. In 2016, there were 2648 pregnant women utilized maternal andchild health care in Pancoran Mas Depok Public Health Center, however, only 24pregnant women utilized dental health care. The objective of this study was to identifyfactors related to utilization of dental health services among pregnant women inPancoran Mas District, Depok. This study was conducted using cross sectional designwith a total sample of 162 respondents. Random sampling method was applied forstudy subject selection that consists of pregnant women and mother who has child witha maximum age of one year living in the work area of Pancoran Mas Depok PublicHealth Center. Data collection was done by self-administered questionnaires andinterview. Data was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The results showed thatonly 25,9% visit dental health care services during pregnancy. Health insuranceownership (p=0.028), perceived need (p=0.009) and exposure to information aboutcorrelation between dental health and pregnancy (p=0.026) have a significantrelationship with dental visits during pregnancy. These findings suggest that policies,innovation programs and prevention strategies are needed to improve dental health careservices by pregnant women and increase the knowledge and awareness of pregnantwomen about the importance of maintaining oral health during pregnancy.
Key words:pregnancy, utilization, dental health care services.
The focus of this study is factors related to elementary teacher's practice toward students with learning difficulty. This study use quantitative methods. Data collecting is done through questionnaire distribution to 121 teachers randomly selected from those schools. Multivariate analysis performed find that school policy existence is the most dominant factor associated with elementary teachers' practice (OR = 2,866). Other related factors are gender, attitude, organizational function, school health's program activeness, and government's program existence.