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Praktek pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia masih sangat rendah, hanya sebesar 15,3%. Ayah memiliki peran dalam mendukung keberhasilan praktek pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan praktek pemberian ASI di Komunitas Ayah ASI. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 212 responden. Penelitian dilakukan melalui social media di komunitas akun twitter @ID_AyahASI pada bulan Mei 2013. Prevalensi keberhasilan praktek pemberian ASI Eksklusif dalam penelitian ini sebesar 88,7%.
Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ayah dengan pengetahuan yang baik dan sikap yang positif berhasil mendukung ibu untuk memberikan ASI Eksklusif dengan masing-masing pvalue sebesar 0,008 dan 0,027. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa ayah dengan pengetahuan yang baik akan berpeluang sebesar 3,4 kali lebih besar dalam mendukung keberhasilan praktek pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Pada penelitian ini, pengetahuan merupakan faktor dominan yang paling berhubungan dengan keberhasilan praktek pemberian ASI Eksklusif.
The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still quite low at around 15% of the relevant population. A father has an important role that may contribute to a more successful exclusive breastfeeding practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the main factors associated between the father and successful practice of exclusive breastfeeding within the Breastfeeding Father Community. The study utilized a cross-sectional method and with 212 respondents as the sample. The data was taken on May 2013 through social media in twitter community called @ID_AyahASI. The prevalence for successful of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 88,7%.
Bivariate analysis showed higher proportion of better father?s knowledge and positive attitude will support the successful of exclusive breastfeeding practice (p-value=0,008 and p-value=0,027). Multivariate analysis verified that fathers who had better knowledge regarding breastfeeding is 3,4 times more likely to be successful in supporting the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The study shows that a father?s background knowledge regarding breastfeeding is the main factor that contributes to the success of exclusive breastfeeding.
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitude of fathers on early initiate breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding practices. A non probability random sampling towards 536 couples whose baby was aged 0-6 months. The study design was cross sectional with quantitative data approach by using a structured questionnaire. Chi square and logistic regression methods were used for data analysis.
Jendela paling kritis kurang gizi terletak pada usia 6-12 bulan karena air susu ibu (ASI) saja sudah tidak dapat mencukupi kebutuhan gizi bayi. Sehingga diperlukan makanan pelengkap ASI yaitu makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI). Praktek pemberian MP-ASI dipengaruhi berbagai faktor antara lain faktor biologi, ekonomi, sosial budaya, teknologi dan pelayanan kesehatan sehingga menimbulkan banyak permasalahan dalam praktek pemberian MP-ASI tersebut. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai praktek pemberian MP-ASI dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI pada bayi 4-11 bulan di Kabupaten Tangerang.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang / cross sectional pada bayi umur 4-11 bulan di Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten, di mana pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2002. Sebagai sampel adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi berusia 4-11 bulan yang diambil sesuai dengan metode survei cepat (Ariawan, 1996), menggunakan rancangan cluster dengan cara probability proportional to size (pps), sehingga didapat jumlah sampel sebesar 300 responden, dan pada waktu pelaksanaan ternyata 1 responden sudah pindah sehingga akhirnya diperoleh data dari 299 orang ibu yang mempunyai bayi 4-11 bulan.Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh 6 orang alumni Akademi Gizi Jakarta yang telah dilatih lebih dahulu. Variabel dependen yaitu praktek pemberian MP-ASI dan variabel independen adalah umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, pendapatan keluarga dan peran petugas kesehatan. Untuk melengkapi data pada variabel praktek pemberian MP-ASI, juga dilaksanakan diskusi kelompok terarah di 2 desa cluster yang masing-masing dihadiri oleh ± 10 orang tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama dan kader posyandu. Sedangkan untuk variabel peran petugas kesehatan dilengkapi dengan wawancara langsung terhadap 29 oang pembina desa di lokasi penelitian. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi 59,2% praktek pemberian MP-ASI yang baik dan 40,8% dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang balk. Dari hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI adalah pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan peran petugas kesehatan (p < 0,005), sedangkan variabel umur ibu, pengetahuan gizi dan pendapatan keluarga tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI (p > 0,005). Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI adalah peran petugas kesehatan dengan OR 3,6 yang berarti ibu yang tidak mendapatkan peran petugas kesehatan mempunyai peluang 3,5697 kali untuk praktek pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang baik dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mendapat peran petugas kesehatan yang baik.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktek pemberian MP-ASI di Kabupaten Tangerang belum optimal karena masih ada 40,8% dengan praktek pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang baik. Untuk itu disarankan adanya dukungan langsung dari pembuat kebijakan dengan lintas sektor terkait untuk meningkatkan pendidikan, adanya tempat penitipan bayi di sekitar tempat kerja, meningkatkan pemeliharaan ternak di tingkat keluarga. Untuk instansi kesehatan dalam hal ini Dinas Kesehatan , Puskesmas dan Organisasi Profesi didalamnya seperti IDI, IBI agar meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan motivasi mengenai praktek pemberian MP-ASI dengan tepat dan benar. Untuk peneliti lain agar dapat dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kohort mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan fisiologi pengeluaran ASI pada hari-hari pertama yang menyebabkan tingginya pemberian makanan prelakteal.
The most critical window of malnourished is on age 6-12 months, since the only breast-feeding is not enough to complete the nutrition need of infant. So it is need food complete the breast-feeding, that is food for complementary feeding. The practice in giving complementary feeding is influenced some factors, among others biology, economy, social culture, technology and health service, so raise a lot of problem in practice of giving the complementary feeding. The objective of this study was to obtain the information on the practice in giving complementary feeding and the factors that related to the practice of giving complementary feeding on infant age 4-11 months in Tangerang District.This study design was cross-sectional on infant age 4-11 months in Tangerang District, Banten Province, where the data was conducted on March 2002. The sample was the mothers having infant age 4-11 months that taken based on rapid survey method (Ariawan, 1996), using cluster design by probability proportional to size (pps), so it obtained the number of sample was 300 respondents. On the implementation, the fact that 1 respondent had moved, so finally it obtained 299 mothers having infant age 4-11 months.The data was collected by 6 alumnus of Nutrition Academy of Jakarta, which trained in advance. Dependent variable was the practice of giving complementary feeding and independent variable were mother's age, mother's education, mother's occupation, the knowledge of mother's nutrition, the number of family, family income and role of health provider. To complete the date on practice in giving complementary feeding variable, it also conducted the Focus Group Discussion at 2 cluster villages, where in each village attended by ± 10 community leaders, religion leaders and cadre. While for variable on the role of health provider it completed with in-depth interview to 29 village referrals at the study location. The analysis that conducted was univariate, bivariate and multivariate by logistic regression.The result of this study showed that the proportion was 59.2% having good practice in giving complementary feeding and 40,8% was not good in practice in giving complementary feeding. Based on bivariate analysis known that the variable that having significant relationship with the practice in giving complementary feeding was mother's education, mother's occupation, number of family member, and the role of health worker (p<0.005). While the variable of mother's age, the knowledge on nutrition and family income have not significant relationship with practice in giving complementary feeding (p>0.005). The result of logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the variable that the most dominant having relationship with practice in giving complementary feeding was the role of health provider with OR 3,5697. It means that the mother who had not get the role of health provider having tendency as 3.5697 times for practice in giving complementary feeding that was not good compared with mother whose obtain the role of good health provider.Based on this study, it can be concluded that the practice in giving complementary feeding at Tangerang District is not optimal yet, since there is still 40,8% with practice in giving complementary feeding not good. It is recommended the availability of direct role from policy maker by related cross sector to improve education, the availability of day-care for infant at around the working place, and improving animal care at the family level. For health Institution, i.e. Local Health Service, Health Center and profession organization such as Association of Indonesia Medical Doctors, Association of Indonesian Midwives in order to improve their knowledge, skill and motivation on the practice in giving MP-ASI correctly and timely. For other researchers should continue cohort study on the factors that related to physiology breast-feeding expenses on the first day that caused to the high in giving the pre-lactation food.
Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, positive deviance, ibu bekerja
Despite the fact that exclusive breastfeeding brings a lot of benefits for infants andmothers, breastfeeding rates in Indonesia remains low, which is only 42% in 2012.Maternal employment is proven to be the highest risk in preventing mothers to breastfeedexclusively. The objective of this study was to apply the positive deviance concept toexplore the determinant factors of the success of exclusive breastfeeding among workingmothers in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study included data on 376 working motherswith 0-5 months old infants in Indonesia from SDKI 2017. Chi-square test and multiplelogistic regression with 95% confidence intervals were applied to analyze factors thatwere significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Among 376 working mothers,45,5% were identified as positive deviants, who succeded in exclusive breastfeeding. Inmultivariate analysis, ANC visits, PNC visits, and economic status were found to befactors that were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding among workingmothers. ANC visits were the dominant factor associated with exclusive breastfeedingwith OR 1,831 (95% CI: 1,075-3,118). ANC visits and PNC visits, including gettingbreastfeeding education and counseling from health professionals in each visit areimportant in helping working mothers succeed in breastfeed exclusively.
Key words:Exclusive breastfeeding, positive deviance, working mothers.
