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Tuberculosis is one of the most challenging public health issues at the moment, with the number of cases being treated and reported in Indonesia still falling short of the national objective for 2021. In the last four years, the success rate for tuberculosis treatment in Kupang City has not been optimal. One of the reasons people fail to take medication is because they have been taking it for a long time, which allows for non-compliance. Non-adherence in taking medication can lead to treatment failure, re-treatment or drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social determinants and health literacy with medication adherence for tuberculosis patients in Kupang City. This study is a cross-sectional quantitative study that was carried out on tuberculosis patients receiving care at a medical facility in Kupang City. Data were collected by filling out online questionnaires (self-administered survey) on 126 tuberculosis patients who were undergoing treatment at 11 health centers in Kupang City. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. According to the study's findings, 23.8 percent of tuberculosis patients did not take their tuberculosis medications. Health literacy variables (p=0.008) and respondent age (p=0.029) with p-value 0.05 were shown to be significantly related to tuberculosis patients' medication adherence. After adjusting for age, education, and income, health literacy emerged as the most influential variable in affecting medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The significance of integrated collaboration among multiple associated entities to undertake tuberculosis education through various media can improve public health literacy and adherence to tuberculosis medications.
Functional nutiriton literacy is a basic and important skill that a person needs and health promotion in an era of disease due to nutritional problems is increasing. This study aims to determine the associated between social determinants and functional nutrition literacy in first-year regular undergraduate students at Halu Oleo University. This research using cross-sectional, that takes data from Health Literacy Study 2019 at Halu Oleo University, Southeast Sulawesi Province (n=359). The measuremenet of nutritional literacy was carried out using The Newest Vital Sign (NVS), containing 6 questions regarding adapted nutrition labels. The analysis used multiple linier regressin, with functional nutrition literacy as the dependent variable and social determinants such as gender, ethnicity, residence status, pocket money, access to health services, and access to health information as independent variables. The results showed that the functional nutrition literacy level of the students was inadequate (M=2,47; SD=1,285). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between functional nutrition literacy scores and social determinantas, gender (β=0,30, p=0,019). These results indicate a weak relationship between social determinants and functional nutrition literacy. And efforts are needed to develop education related to nutrition labels to assist students to improve functional nutritional literacy
The prevalence of mental disorders among young adults in Indonesia has increased, indicating the importance of improving mental health literacy among them. This study aimed to determine the social determinants and mental health literacy among first year undergraduate students of Universitas Hasanuddin, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data for this study came from the Indonesia Health Literacy Study 2019, a cross-sectional online survey of undergraduate students from four public universities in four provinces of Indonesia. Mental health literacy was measured using the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) which had been adapted into Indonesia context. The results showed that respondents had relatively low mental health literacy (M=59,60 on a scale of 0-100). Bivariate analysis showed that gender, relationship status, and scientific clusters were associated with MHLS. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health literacy was lower among male students, students who refused to reveal their ethnic identities, and students of science-tech cluster. Interventions through mental health education and mental health call center are recommended to improve mental health literacy, especially among these undergraduate students of Universitas Hasanuddin.
Literasi gizi fungsional menjadi keterampilan dasar dan penting yang dibutuhkan seseorang dan promosi kesehatan di era penyakit akibat masalah gizi semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran determinan sosial dan literasi gizi serta hubungan keduanya pada mahasiswa sarjana Universitas Indonesia tahun angkatan 2018/2019. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional, penelitian ini mengambil data dari Studi Literasi Kesehatan 2019 di Universitas Indonesia (n=373). Pengukuran literasi gizi dilakukan menggunakan instrumen The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) berisi 6 pertanyaan mengenai label gizi yang telah diadaptasi. Analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan literasi gizi fungsional sebagai variabel dependen dan determinan sosial seperti usia, jenis kelamin, suku, uang saku, rumpun keilmuan dan tempat tinggal sebagai variabel independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara rumpun keilmuan (p=0,041) dan tempat tinggal (p =0,033) dengan tingkat literasi gizi fungsional mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia, sedangkan usia (p= 0,321), jenis kelamin (p=0,968), suku (p=0,606) dan uang saku (p=0,805) tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat literasi gizi fungsional mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara literasi gizi fungsional dengan determinan sosial tempat tinggal (p=0,010) dan Rumpun Ilmu (p-0,038). Hasil ini mengindikasikan hubungan yang lemah antara determinan sosial dan literasi gizi fungsional pada mahasiswa. Dan diperlukan upaya pengembangan edukasi terkait label gizi guna membantu mahasiswa dalam meningkatkan literasi gizi fungsional.
Functional nutrition literacy is a basic and important skill needed by a person and health promotion in an era of increasing diseases due to nutritional problems. This study aims to determine the description of social determinants and nutritional literacy and the relationship between the two in undergraduate students at the University of Indonesia class of 2018/2019. The research design used a cross sectional design, this study took data from the 2019 Health Literacy Study at the University of Indonesia (n = 373). Measurement of nutritional literacy was carried out using The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) instrument containing 6 questions regarding adapted nutrition labels. Analysis used multiple linear regression with functional nutrition literacy as the dependent variable and social determinants such as age, gender, ethnicity, pocket money, scientific clump and place of residence as independent variables. The results showed that there was an association between scientific group (p=0.012) and residence (p=0.041) with the level of functional nutrition literacy of Universitas Indonesia students, while age (p=0.321), gender (p=0.968), ethnicity (p=0.606) and pocket money (p=0.805) were not associated with the level of functional nutrition literacy of Universitas Indonesia students. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between functional nutrition literacy and social determinants of residence (p=0.010) and Science Group (p-0.038). These results indicate a weak relationship between social determinants and functional nutrition literacy in university students. Efforts are needed to develop education related to nutrition labeling to help students improve functional nutrition literacy.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Meskipun Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 2030 untuk angka kematian balita telah tercapai, angka kematian neonatal di Indonesia tetap tinggi, dengan lebih 70.000 kematian neonatal di tahun 2018, yang menempatkan Indonesia di peringkat ke-8 secara global. Hal ini merupakan tantangan besar untuk mencapai visi "Indonesia Emas 2045". Meskipun berbagai intervensi termasuk sari sisi finansial dalam akses pelayanan kesehatan telah meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan, tdaik sertamerta ditunjukkan dalam bentuk peningkatan status kesehatan neonatal, menunjukkan adanya masalah sistemik dan kualitas pelayanan. Studi ini menelaan faktor determinan yang kompleks terhadap status kesehatan neonatal di Indonesia, termasuk dari sisi penerapan desentralisasi kesehatan, disparitas sosial ekonomi, dan variasi geografis. Dengan mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor ini, studi ini menekankan kebutuhan mendesak peningkatan pelayanan maternal dan neonatal dalam memperbaiki ketimpangan maupun meningkatkan status kesehatan secara keseluruhan.
Metode: Menggunakan data survei nasional tahun 2018 dari 34 provinsi, 513 kabupaten/kota, dan 300.000 rumah tangga, dengan fokus pada 73.086 perempuan berusia 10-54 tahun yang melahirkan dalam lima tahun terakhir, kami mengeksplorasi bagaimana faktor individu, rumah tangga, kabupaten, dan provinsi memengaruhi hasil kesehatan neonatal. Studi ini mengintegrasikan regresi multilevel, indeks konsentrasi, dan regresi spasial untuk menilai dampak determinan sosial dan ketidaksetaraan sistemik menggunakan STATA 14.0 dan ArcGIS Pro3. Analisis kebijakan sederhana yang selaras dengan tujuh pilar sistem kesehatan nasional juga dilakukan untuk menjelaskan lebih lanjut disparitas dalam hasil kesehatan.
Hasil: Studi ini mengungkapkan, meskipun sebagian besar dapat dicegah, angka kematian neonatal tetap tinggi dengan disparitas yang signifikan. Melalui analisis regresi multilevel dan spasial, dibuktikan bahwa disparitas kesehatan neonatal dipengaruhi oleh status sosial ekonomi, lokasi geografis, dan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan. Pada model akhir, yang menggabungkan faktor tingkat individu dan komunitas, varians yang tidak terjelaskan berkurang sebesar 30% (PCV), dimana faktor komunitas masih menjelaskan 14% variabilitas (ICC = 0,1389). Variabilitas risiko tingkat komunitas menurun yang terlihat dari perubahan Median Odds Ratio (MOR) dari 2,28 menjadi 2,00. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya faktor individu dan komunitas dalam upaya mengurangi risiko lanjut dari bayi lahir yang berisiko.
Studi ini menekankan pengaruh kesiapan sisi suplai dan kualitas pelayanan termasuk efektivitas antenatal dan kelahiran di fasilitas kesehatan dalam meningkatkan hasil kesehatan neonatal, meskipun banyak kelahiran masih terjadi di luar fasilitas kesehatan. Neonatus lebih berisiko secara signifikan terkonsentrasi di distrik dengan kapasitas fiskal lebih rendah, sementara pemeriksaan antenatal lebih tinggi di kabupaten yang lebih kaya, menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan alokasi sumber daya. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya kebijakan kesehatan yang spesifik, memperhatikan kondisi local dalam menurunkan kesenjangan dan meningkatkan status kesehatan.
ABSTRACT
Background. Despite achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals for reducing under-5 mortality, Indonesia's Neonatal Mortality Rate remains alarmingly high, with over 70,000 neonatal deaths in 2018, ranking it 8th globally. This situation poses a stark challenge to Indonesia's "Great Indonesia 2045" vision. Notably, while interventions to eliminate financial barriers to healthcare have increased service utilization, improvements in neonatal health outcomes have not followed, highlighting systemic and quality issues within the health sector. This study addresses the complex determinants of neonatal outcomes in Indonesia, including the effects of a decentralized health system, socioeconomic disparities, and geographic variations. By exploring these factors, it underscores the urgent need to enhance maternal and neonatal services to rectify inequities and improve overall health outcomes.
Methods: We analyzed 2018 national survey data from 34 provinces, 513 districts, and 300,000 households, focusing on 73,086 women aged 10-54 who had given birth in the preceding five years. We explored how individual, household, district, and provincial factors influence neonatal health outcomes by employing multilevel regression, concentration indices, and spatial regression to assess the impact of social determinants and systemic inequalities using tools like STATA 14.0 and ArcGIS Pro 3. A simplified policy analysis, aligned with the national health system's seven pillars, including community initiatives, was also conducted to further highlight disparities in health outcomes.
Results: Key findings reveal a neonatal mortality rate that, despite being preventable in many cases, remains high with significant disparities. Utilizing spatial and multilevel regression analyses, the research highlighted that neonatal health disparities are influenced by socioeconomic status, geographic location, and access to health services. The final model, incorporating both individual and community-level factors, reduced unexplained variance by 30% (PCV), with community factors still explaining 14% of the variability (ICC = 0.1600). The community-level risk variability also decreased, as shown by a reduction in the Median Odds Ratio (MOR) from 2.28 to 2.00. These results highlight the importance of targeting both individual and community factors to reduce the risk of babies being born at risk.
Additionally, the study underscores the influences of supply-side readiness and quality of service delivery including effectiveness of antenatal care and institutional delivery in improving neonatal health outcomes, although many births still occur outside of health facilities. High-risk neonates were found to be concentrated significantly in districts with lower fiscal capacity, while antenatal care checkups were predominantly higher in wealthier districts, pointing to a resource allocation gap. These findings point to the critical need for targeted health policies, local-specific interventions to bridge the equity gap and improve neonatal health outcomes.
