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Basic health care is a basic and essential type of public service to meet the needs of society in socio-economic and governance. Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 of 2009 on hospital article 40 paragraph 1 mentioned that in an effort to improve the quality of hospital services must be done accreditation periodically at least 3 years. Subsequently issued Permenkes 129 / Menkes / PER / II / 2008 on Minimum Service Standards that become guidance for the region in implementing the SPM in the Hospital. One well-known and proven measurement model that effectively measures quality management is the Malcolm Baldrige Assessment approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze the quality of RSUD Cempaka Putih performance. The type of this research is descriptive analytic research with qualitative approach by looking at the achievement of MSS before and after accreditation. The position of RSUD Cempaka Putih performance score based on the MBA obtained 259 results (self assessment) and / or 241 (assessment of researchers), then entered in the range / range 0-275, is in the level of early development predicate. RSUD Cempaka Putih can develop part which become opportunity for improvement. The MBA can be used to assess the quality of the organization in general as well as in particular the assessment undertaken to see the achievement of MSS before and after accreditation at RSUD Cempaka Putih. Basic health care is a basic and essential type of public service to meet the needs of society in socio-economic and governance. Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 of 2009 on hospital article 40 paragraph 1 mentioned that in an effort to improve the quality of hospital services must be done accreditation periodically at least 3 years. Subsequently issued Permenkes 129 / Menkes / PER / II / 2008 on Minimum Service Standards that become guidance for the region in implementing the SPM in the Hospital. One well-known and proven measurement model that effectively measures quality management is the Malcolm Baldrige Assessment approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze the quality of RSUD Cempaka Putih performance. The type of this research is descriptive analytic research with qualitative approach by looking at the achievement of MSS before and after accreditation. The position of RSUD Cempaka Putih performance score based on the MBA obtained 259 results (self assessment) and / or 241 (assessment of researchers), then entered in the range / range 0-275, is in the level of early development predicate. RSUD Cempaka Putih can develop part which become opportunity for improvement. The MBA can be used to assess the quality of the organization in general as well as in particular the assessment undertaken to see the achievement of MSS before and after accreditation at RSUD Cempaka Putih.
This thesis discusses the Evaluation of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office's Strategic Plan for 2017-2022 on Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in the Health Sector on Health Service Indicators for Hypertension Sufferers. This research is a qualitative research with non-experimental design. The results of the research on Implementation of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in the Health Sector on hypertension service indicators which experienced a significant increase in the DKI Jakarta strategic plan for 2017-2022 in the structural factors that play the most role in increasing this significant achievement are the form of scheduled programs such as posbindu and KPLDH activities as well as activities regional strategies carried out in markets, trans jakarta, parks and the MRT, then there is also cross-sector cooperation such as the Social Service, the Education Office and the Manpower and Transmigration Office. Then the results of the study suggest that the DKI Jakarta Health Office can formulate policies related to hypertension services that are separate from other programs, including the hypertension MSS health financing policy as a mandatory regulation in terms of compiling unit costs for each service component as the basis for the formulation of hypertension MSS costing. Then strengthening cross-sectoral policies and programs in an effort to expand the scope of MSS services, especially hypertension through a collaborative approach, as well as providing education and socialization to the public about the importance of carrying out routine checks related to hypertension.
The Health Service as a Regional Apparatus Organization (RAO) is responsible for the health sector to achieve Minimum Service Standard (SPM) indicators every year. To meet the current increasing need for public health services, the Health Service can continue to improve its performance both in terms of human resources and organizational factors. Employee behavior is one of the factors that supports organizational success, both seen from employee knowledge and attitudes towards achieving SPM. Organizational readiness is one tool that Malcolm Baldrige can use Assessments include: leadership; planning strategy; customer focused; assessment, analysis, and knowledge management; focus on workers; management process; and result. The research was conducted to see a picture of the relationship between employee behavior and organizational factors and the performance of achieving minimum service standards. Quantitative research method, cross-sectional design, by filling out a questionnaire using Google Form by 232 respondents (employees). The research results show that all independent variables have a significant relationship with SPM performance. Measurement variables, Analysis, Management Knowledge bivariate (p = 0.0001; OR = 46.12; 95% CI = 21.29 – 99.91) and multivariate (p = 0.0001; OR = 8.288; 95% CI ) is the dominant variable related to the performance of the Sibolga City Health Office. Malcolm Baldrige's total criteria score on the performance results of the Sibolga Health Service obtained results at the Excellent level in the Benchamark Leader position.
Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi serius jika tidak tertangani dengan baik. Di Kabupaten Belitung, capaian pelayanan hipertensi belum mencapai target 100% sesuai Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi pelayanan hipertensi berdasarkan SPM tahun 2024 menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus dan model Donabedian (struktur, proses, hasil). Informan terdiri dari pengelola program, tenaga kesehatan, kepala Puskesmas, dan pemerintah desa di empat Puskesmas. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen pada Februari–Mei 2025.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterbatasan SDM, ketidakterpaduan regulasi, serta bervariasinya dukungan desa memengaruhi efektivitas layanan. Proses pelayanan seperti deteksi dini, terapi, edukasi, dan pencatatan di aplikasi ASIK belum berjalan sistematis. Capaian pelayanan tahun 2024 berada di kisaran 44,76–92,66% dengan rata-rata 76,10%. Kepatuhan pasien dalam minum obat rendah dan pengukuran mutu belum konsisten. Kesimpulannya, pelayanan hipertensi belum memenuhi target nasional. Diperlukan penguatan regulasi teknis, distribusi SDM yang merata, peningkatan kapasitas pelaksana, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor dengan dukungan desa dan kader untuk mewujudkan layanan hipertensi yang merata dan bermutu.
Hak untuk hidup adalah Hak Asasi yang dijamin oleh Negara sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 28A dan pasal 28H ayat (1) dan Undang Undang Nomor 39 tahun 1999, yang kemudian menjadi acuan konsep Pemerintah dalam menjamin dan melindungi Hak Asasi Manusia berupa hak atas kesehatan sesuai dengan Undang Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan.
Walau pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan ini telah dijamin oleh Negara secara konstitusional dan hukum, namun pada implementasinya tingkat pemenuhan SPM Air Minum masih mencukupi. Negara dalam tulisan ini merujuk pada Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik yang terdiri dari Penyelenggara Negara dan Masyarakat. Baik Penyelenggara Negara maupun rakyat punya peran sesuai pasal 1 butir; dan janji politik setiap WNI sesuai Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia pasal 16. Peran Negara dalam tulisan ini dibatasi pada peran Penyelenggara Negara (Pemerintah) yang wajib dipenuhi untuk implementasi SPM Air Minum sesuai aturan dan kebijakan hukum Indonesia, pada tulisan ini dengan pembatasan pada peran Eksekutif dan Yudikatif. Peran ini kemudian lahir dalam bentuk rangkaian tindakan Negara yang dikalkulasi, dijabarkan dalam program serta dikontekstualisasi sesuai situasi, kondisi sosial politik, alam secara global, termasuk alur hidrologi alam dan peran dunia internasional.
Sesuai dengan Undang Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, maka Pemerintah Daerah Kota/Kabupaten dan Provinsi wajib memenuhi SPM Air Minum untuk setiap Warga Negara Indonesia tanpa kecuali, yang dalam penterjemahan level undang-undang dan peraturan yang lebih rendah dilakukan secara bertahap berdasarkan prioritas dengan pengawasan berdasar sistem IKU BKN dan sistem pelaporan keuangan yang diawasi oleh BPK. Berdasar penilaian IKU BKN maupun BPK, Pemerintah Daerah telah menjalankan perannya dengan baik dengan laporan keuangan yang WTP. Namun demikian hingga kini banyak orang tetap belum mendapatkan pemenuhan HAM bidang penyelenggaran SPM Air Minum.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, deskriptif analisis. Obyek yang diteliti adalah aturan dan kebijakan hukum tentang pemenuhan SPM Air Minum, peran Negara serta bagaimana implementasi yang dikontekstualkan dengan keadaan di wilayah penelitian. Wawancara, diskusi dan observasi dilakukan pada orang dari Bappenas, 12 orang dari PDAM, 10 orang warga masyarakat, 1 politisi. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Sumatera, Provinsi Lampung. Pemilihan Kota/Kabupaten didasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 16 Tahun 2019, yaitu dengan mempertimbangkan potensi, areal pengambilan dan dampak lingkungan air tanah dari pengambilan air tanah. Wilayah yang dipilih adalah Kota Kota Bandar Lampung, Kabupaten Lampung Barat dan Kabupaten Pesisir Barat. Peran penyelenggara Negara dibatasi dan dianalisis sesuai dengan tupoksi, baik peran langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Hasil penelitian ini mendapati bahwa peran Negara secara langsung telah sesuai dengann tupoksi dengan hasil yang baik dan laporan keuangan yang WTP sesuai dengan RKPD dan APBD, namun peran Negara yang tidak langsung belum dilaporkan/dielaborasi. Wilayah yang tidak terpenuhi SPM Air Minum adalah wilayah yang memang tidak direncanakan, belum dikalkulasi baik karena PAD yang kecil, atau tidak ada kesepakatan penyelenggaaraannya dilaksanakan dalam bentuk RKPD, APBD atau atau bentuk lainnya. Jadi walau mekanisme hukum dan kebijakan yang ada telah dijalankan dengan maksimal sesuai IKU BKN dan WTP, namun hasilnya tetap ada gap yang menunjukkan adanya wilayah yang tidak terselenggara SPM Air Minum. Gap ini dapat menjadi landasan untuk membuka peluang peran pihak ketiga (sektor privat) untuk ikut menyelenggarakan SPM Air Minum demi terpenuhinya hak konstitusional masyarakat di bidang kesehatan.
Mekanisme RKPD dan APBD adalah hasil dari proses demokrasi rakyat melalui Musrenbang Desa, Musrenbang Kecamatan, Forum SKPD, Musrenbang Kabupaten dan KUA KDH bersama DPRD. Mekanisme ini ternyata masih berpeluang besar untuk tidak melibatkan peran rakyat di dalamnya. Mekanisme partisipasi rakyat yang bukan berdasar pemilihan atau penunjukkan dari Pemerintah dan transparansi menjadi hal yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perbaikan sistem Musrenbang.
Data penyelenggaraan SPM Air Minum menggambarkan juga ketidaktahuan rakyat tentang pentingnya hak atas kesehatan yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan, kesakitan atu kelangsungan hidup mereka. Oleh karena itu pendidikan literasi tentang hak atas kesehatan seharusnya diselenggarakan sebelum rakyat memutuskan RKPD/APBD.
Ketidaktahuan, ketidakterlibatan atau ketidakpedulian rakyat akibat rendahnya tingkat literasi mereka tentu akan berdampak pada lambannya sistem sosial, hukum, kesehatan masyarakat dan pengabaian hak-hak rakyat
Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah adanya gap antara konsep pemenuhan HAM konstitusional di bidang kesehatan dengan konsep penyelenggaran SPM Air Minum; pengaturan kebijakan hak kesehatan masih belum lengkap dan belum menjamin terpenuhinya SPM Air Minum; Peran Penyelenggara Negara terbatas hanya pada IKU BKN, RKPD atau WTP, yang berdampak lahirnya gap antara kemampuan memenuhi SPM Air Minum dan kebutuhan rakyat. Dengan demikian hipotesis bahwa jika Negara telah menjalankan peran sesuai kewajiban dan aturan hukum, maka SPM Air Minum terpenuhinya ternyata tidak sepenuhnya tepat.
Saran penulis adalah mengevaluasi kembali konsep penyelenggaraan Air Minum secara nasional terutama tentang peran langsung maupun peran tidak langsung lembaga negara; revisi mekanisme Musrenbang Desa; adanya parameter keberlanjutan SPM Air Minum dan penunjukkan lembaga yang wajib menyelenggarakannya; aturan tentang mekanisme sanksi yang lebih efektif jika terjadi pelanggaran hak atas kesehatan; serta mempertimbangkan pembuatan kebijakan tentang pelibatan pihak ke 3 (sektor privat) untuk mengatasi gap antara kemampuan Negara dan hak rakyat atas atas kesehatan berupa penyelenggaraan Air Minum sesuai SPM.
The right to life is a Human Right guaranteed by the State in accordance with the 1945 Constitution Article 28A and Article 28H paragraph (1) and Law Number 39 of 1999, which later became the reference for the Government's concept in guaranteeing and protecting Human Rights in the form of the right to health in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health.
Even though the fulfillment of the right to health has been guaranteed by the State constitutionally and legally, in its implementation the level of fulfillment of the SPM for Drinking Water is still sufficient. The state in this article refers to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services consisting of State Administrators and the Community. Both State Administrators and the people have roles according to article 1 point; and political promises of every Indonesian citizen in accordance with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia article 16. The role of the State in this paper is limited to the role of State Administrators (Government) which must be fulfilled for the implementation of SPM for Drinking Water in accordance with Indonesian legal rules and policies, in this paper with limitations on the role of the Executive and Judiciary. This role then emerged in the form of a series of calculated State actions, described in programs and contextualized according to the situation, socio-political conditions, nature globally, including natural hydrological flows and the role of the international world.
In accordance with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, City/Regency and Provincial Governments are obliged to fulfill the SPM for Drinking Water for every Indonesian citizen without exception, which in the translation of lower levels of laws and regulations is carried out in stages. based on priorities with supervision based on the BKN IKU system and financial reporting system supervised by the BPK. Based on the BKN and BPK IKU assessments, the Regional Government has carried out its role well with WTP financial reports. However, until now many people still do not have human rights fulfilled in the implementation of SPM for Drinking Water.
This research uses a combined quantitative and qualitative method, descriptive analysis. The objects studied are legal rules and policies regarding the fulfillment of the SPM for Drinking Water, the role of the State and how implementation is contextualized with the conditions in the research area. Interviews, discussions and observations were carried out with people from Bappenas, 12 people from PDAM, 10 community members, 1 politician. The research was conducted on Sumatra Island, Lampung Province. The selection of cities/regencies is based on Governor's Regulation Number 16 of 2019, namely taking into account the potential, extraction area and environmental impact of groundwater from groundwater extraction. The selected areas are Bandar Lampung City, West Lampung Regency and West Pesisir Regency. The role of State administrators is limited and analyzed according to their main tasks and functions, both direct and indirect roles.
The results of this research found that the State's direct role is in accordance with its main duties and functions with good results and WTP financial reports are in accordance with the RKPD and APBD, but the State's indirect role has not been reported/elaborated. Areas that do not meet the SPM for Drinking Water are areas that have not been planned, have not been calculated either because the PAD is small, or there is no agreement to implement it in the form of RKPD, APBD or other forms. So even though the existing legal and policy mechanisms have been implemented optimally in accordance with the BKN IKU and WTP, the results still have gaps which indicate that there are areas where the Drinking Water SPM is not implemented. This gap can be the basis for opening opportunities for the role of third parties (private sector) to participate in implementing Drinking Water SPM for the fulfillment of people's constitutional rights in the health sector. The RKPD and APBD mechanisms are the result of the people's democratic process through the Village Musrenbang, Subdistrict Musrenbang, SKPD Forum, Regency Musrenbang and KUA KDH together with the DPRD. It turns out that this mechanism still has a big chance of not involving the people's role in it. Mechanisms for people's participation that are not based on elections or appointments from the Government and transparency are things that must be considered in improving the Musrenbang system.
Data on the implementation of SPM Drinking Water also illustrates people's ignorance about the importance of the right to health which can have an impact on their health, illness or survival. Therefore, literacy education about the right to health should be held before the people decide on the RKPD/APBD.
Ignorance, non-involvement or indifference of the people due to their low level of literacy will certainly have an impact on slow social, legal and public health systems and neglect of people's rights.
The conclusion of this research is that there is a gap between the concept of fulfilling constitutional human rights in the health sector and the concept of implementing SPM for Drinking Water; policy arrangements for the right to health are still incomplete and do not guarantee the fulfillment of the SPM for Drinking Water; The role of State Administrators is limited to IKU BKN, RKPD or WTP, which has the impact of creating a gap between the ability to fulfill the SPM for Drinking Water and the needs of the people. Thus, the hypothesis that if the State has carried out its role in accordance with legal obligations and regulations, then the SPM for Drinking Water is fulfilled is not completely correct
The author's suggestion is to re-evaluate the concept of administering Drinking Water nationally, especially regarding the direct and indirect roles of state institutions; revision of the Village Musrenbang mechanism; the existence of parameters for the sustainability of SPM Drinking Water and the appointment of institutions that are obliged to implement them; regulations on more effective sanction mechanisms in the event of violations of the right to health; and considering making policies regarding the involvement of third parties (the private sector) to overcome the gap between the State's capacity and the people's right to health in the form of administering drinking water according to the SPM.
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) HIV/AIDS di Puskesmas Kota Depok tahun 2025 dengan pendekatan Six Building Blocks WHO. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam, FGD, observasi, dan telaah dokumen di empat Puskesmas terpilih. Temuan menunjukkan capaian layanan belum merata, dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya, pelaporan yang belum optimal, dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor. Strategi percepatan yang disusun menekankan penguatan tata kelola, kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, sistem informasi, akses obat esensial, serta peningkatan kolaborasi multisektor.
Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa pelaksanaan SPM HIV/AIDS masih menghadapi kesenjangan antar sasaran dan wilayah. Kelompok populasi kunci memiliki capaian tinggi karena dukungan LSM, sedangkan ibu hamil menjadi kelompok dengan capaian terendah akibat keterlambatan pelaporan dari bidan mandiri dan rumah sakit. Sistem informasi HIV/AIDS (SIHA) belum terintegrasi penuh dan masih bergantung pada kemampuan individu petugas. Ketersediaan obat antiretroviral (ARV) terbatas pada satu Puskesmas dengan sistem distribusi yang belum merata. Pembiayaan program masih bertumpu pada dana BOK dan donor, sementara regulasi seperti Perwal HIV/AIDS dan SOP PrEP belum disahkan.
Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan kebijakan teknis sesuai Permenkes No. 6 Tahun 2024, penataan SDM dan insentif yang berkelanjutan, serta integrasi pelaporan lintas fasilitas. Peningkatan kapasitas kader, inovasi komunitas seperti CLM, dan pemanfaatan teknologi pelaporan menjadi kunci percepatan pencapaian target SPM HIV/AIDS di Kota Depok.
This study evaluates the implementation of the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) for HIV/AIDS at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Depok City in 2025 using the WHO Six Building Blocks approach. This descriptive qualitative study collected data through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), observations, and document reviews at four selected Puskesmas. Findings indicate that service delivery is uneven, influenced by resource constraints, suboptimal reporting, and weak inter-sectoral coordination. The acceleration strategies developed emphasize strengthening governance, health worker capacity, information systems, access to essential medications, and enhancing multisectoral collaboration. The results show that the implementation of the HIV/AIDS SPM still faces disparities among target groups and service areas. Key populations achieved higher coverage mainly due to NGO support, while pregnant women had the lowest coverage due to delayed or incomplete reporting from private midwives and hospitals. The HIV/AIDS Information System (SIHA) has not been fully integrated and still depends on individual staff capacity. The availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is limited to one health center with uneven distribution across facilities. Program financing still relies heavily on BOK and donor funds, while technical regulations such as the Mayor’s Decree on HIV/AIDS and the PrEP SOP have not yet been enacted. This study highlights the need to strengthen technical policies in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 6 of 2024, ensure sustainable human resource and incentive management, and enhance cross-facility reporting integration. Strengthening community-based innovations such as CLM, capacity building for cadres, and the use of digital reporting systems are key strategies to accelerate the achievement of HIV/AIDS SPM targets in Depok City.