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This study aims to determine the efforts made by puskesmas so that patients of the Refer Back Program are obedient in carrying out control at the Puskesmas Kec. Sawah Besar DKI Jakarta. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews to analyze the efforts made by the Puskesmas Kec. Sawah Besar so that Program R patients referred to Balik obeyed the control. The variables used are input variables consisting of variables of Health Workers, Health Facilities. Process variables consist of Refer-Back, Monitoring and Evaluation Program Procedures. The output variable consists of the control compliance of participants Program Rand Balik. In terms of inputs, Health Workers, Health Facilities are identified as roles and efforts made by health workers to be able to provide good services to Program Rujuk Balik patients such as providing socialization to patients Program Rujuk Balik, good facilities and infrastructure while in terms of the process it was identified that the Patients of the Referral Program can already understand well about the stages in conducting the referral program. From this incident, it can be identified that good efforts are made by the health center of the large rice field so that the patient complies with the control.
Back-Referral Program (PRB) is one of several way to improve the quality of the health services for BPJS participants in conducting quality control and cost control. PRB Pharmacy availability and drug unavailability in PRB pharmacy causes PRB for patient who need medication is not maximum yet. This study discusses about the performance of policy implementation related to drug availability of the PRB in the pharmacy room of the District Public Health Center and the PRB Pharmacy in Central Jakarta during quarter I, II and III of 2019 based on the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic Indonesia Number 99 Year 2015 concerning Health Services on National Health Insurance article 25. This study is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach using the method of in-depth interviews and document review. The criteria for the research informants were the elements of the leadership and policy management officers in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Central Jakarta Health Office, Central Jakarta BPJS Health Center, Central Jakarta District Health Center and Central Jakarta PRB Pharmacy. The results showed that the implementation performance was not Optimal which was influenced by policy standards and objectives, resources, comminication between organizations, the attitude of the implementers, the characteristics of the implementing organization and the economic, social and politics. Coordination, commitmen and evaluation of activities from the Ministry of Health, BPJS Health, Goverment Service Goods Procurement Policy Institute and DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office are needed in terms of the availability of this PRB drug
Kata Kunci : Evaluasi, Stock Out, Obat, Program Rujuk Balik
This study aims to explore the determinants relating the availability of drugs in Back Referral Program (PRB) in BPJS Kesehatan KC Depok area. This case study was using qualitative approach, data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review to explore the reliability of input and process variables related to stock out. Input incule internal and external stakeholders, comprised of HR and policy as well as policy and evaluation). The process described supply chain management of drugs including planning, budgeting,provider payment, purchasing and distribution of PRB drug. The refealed that the stock out was resulted from of this study indicate the problem stock out included the the dimensions in the process of input and process. In terms of inputs, the role of human resources , policy implementation, resources and stakeholder commitments were among the identified factor related to challenge on PRB drug. While problems that occurred in the process that contributed to the stock out of PRB drug included drug supply chain management, planning, payment scheme, and distribution of drugs. This problem potentially affected mismatch of RKO (plan on number drugs required to provide service) with requirement on regional level, irrational HPS (National reference on price) and policy. This study suggested to undertake comprehensive monitoring and evaluaton including input, process and output as well as solution of the problem.
Keywords: evaluation, stock out, back referral program (PRB)
ABSTRAK Nama : Noerfitri Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Analisis Survival Pengaruh Rujuk Balik dan Tipe Pasien Terhadap Kejadian Lost to Follow-up pada Pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2015 Pembimbing : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si Tingginya angka insidens TB MDR di Indonesia, dibarengi dengan tingginya tingkat Lost to Follow-up (LTFU) pada pengobatan pasien TB MDR. Pasien TB resisten obat memiliki kemungkinan LTFU lebih besar dibandingkan pasien TB sensitif obat dikarenakan durasi pengobatan yang lebih lama. Selain itu, pasien TB MDR yang tidak melanjutkan pengobatannya sampai tuntas memiliki peningkatan risiko kematian akibat TB. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rujuk balik dan tipe pasien terhadap kejadian LTFU pada pasien Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB MDR) di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan pada Mei-Juni 2018 di Subdit TB – Direktorat P2PML, Ditjen P2P Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desain studi kohort retrospektif. Jumlah sampel pada studi ini adalah 961 pasien. Sampel diambil secara total sampling. Berdasarkan status rujuk baliknya, 86,3% pasien dilakukan rujuk balik dan 13,97% pasien tidak dirujuk balik. Berdasarkan kategori tipe pasien, 35,17% kasus kambuh, 5,52% pasien baru, 13,94% pasien pernah LTFU, 23,10% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 1, 20,29% kasus gagal pengobatan kategori 2, 1,9% lain-lain (pasien tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya). Dari studi ini, diketahui bahwa proporsi kejadian LTFU sebesar 28,40% dengan kumulatif hazard LTFU sebesar sebesar 1,12 selama 39 bulan pengamatan, sehingga didapatkan hazard rate sebesar 2,88/100 orang-bulan. Hasil analisis multivariabel dengan regresi cox time-dependent menunjukkan bahwa rujuk balik menurunkan peluang terjadinya LTFU sebesar 46% (HR 0,54; 95% CI 0,35-0,84) pada kondisi variabel tipe pasien dan umur sama (adjusted). Untuk tipe pasien, tipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2 dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya meningkatkan peluang terjadinya LTFU masing-masing sebesar 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), dan 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) dibandingkan dengan tipe pasien kambuh (baseline) pada kondisi variabel rujuk balik, jenis kelamin, dan umur sama (adjusted). Pada laki-laki, efek tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2 lebih rendah 0,26 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien wanita dengan tipe gagal pengobatan kategori 2. Petugas kesehatan perlu meluangkan waktu yang lebih banyak untuk memberikan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi mengenai pengobatan TB serta mengenai manfaat rujuk balik kepada pasien TB MDR. Risiko LTFU meningkat pada pasien yang bertipe pernah LTFU, gagal pengobatan kategori 2, dan tidak diketahui riwayat pengobatan TB sebelumnya dibandingkan pasien dengan tipe kambuh, karena tipe kambuh sudah teruji kepatuhannya terhadap pengobatan sebelumnya. Perlunya skrinning tipe pasien dengan baik untuk mengidentifikasi risiko LTFU berdasarkan tipe pasien sejak awal pasien memulai pengobatan. Kata kunci: LTFU, rujuk balik, tipe pasien, TB MDR
ABSTRACT Name : Noerfitri Study Program : Public Health Title : Survival Analysis of Influence of Decentralization and Type of Patient on Lost to follow-up in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia 2014-2015 Supervisor : R. Sutiawan, S.Kom, M.Si The high incidence rate of MDR-TB in Indonesia is accompanied by high rate of lost to follow-up (LTFU) in the treatment of MDR-TB patients. Drug resistant TB patients have a greater risk of LTFU than drug-sensitive TB patients due to longer treatment duration. In addition, MDR-TB patients who did not continue treatment completely had an increased risk of dying from TB. The aims of this study were to determine the decentralization influence and patient type on the incidence of LTFU in MultidrugResistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Indonesia. This study was conducted in May-June 2018 at Subdirectorate of TB - Directorate of Prevention and Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Prevention and Disease Control - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The study design was retrospective cohort. The number of samples in this study was 961 patients. Samples were taken in total sampling. Based on the decentralization status, 86.3% of patients were decentralized. Based on the type of patient category, 35.17% of relapse, 5.52% of new, 13.94% of after LTFU, 23.10% of failure category 1, 20.29% of failure category 2, 1.9 % of other patients (unknown history of previous TB treatment). The proportion of incidence of LTFU is 28.40% with cumulative hazard of LTFU equal to 1.12 during 39 months of observation, so hazard rate is 2.88 / 100 person-month. In multivariable analysis with cox regression time-dependent revealed that decentralization reduced the probability of LTFU up to 46% (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84) after controlled by type of patient and age. For patient type, treatment after LTFU, failure category 2 and unknown history of previous TB treatment increased the probability of LTFU by 50% (HR 2,02; 95% CI 1,18-3,45), 53% (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,240-3,66), and 74% (HR 3,80; 95% CI 1,54-9,36) consecutively compared with the type of relapse patients (baseline) after controlled by the decentralization, gender, and age. In male patients with failure treatment category 2, the effect was 0.26 times lower compared with failure category 2 in female patients. Health workers need to spend more time in communicating, informing and educating about TB treatment and the benefits of decentralization to MDR-TB patients. The risk of LTFU increased in type of patient after LTFU, treatment failure category 2, and unknown history of previous TB treatment compared with patients with relapse types. The need for good patient type screening to identify the risk of LTFU by type of patient from the initial of treatment. Keywords: LTFU, decentralization, type of patient, MDR-TB
