Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Kondisi di Provinsi Jambi dalam 3 tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus TB paru BTA positif. Diduga terdapat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kasus TB paru BTA positif di Provinsi Jambi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi daerah kerawanan kasus TB paru BTA positif di Provinsi Jambi tahun 2013. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain studi ekologi dengan uji statistik korelasi dan pendekatan analisis spasial. Hasil analisis bivariat yang terbukti berhubungan dan mempunyai korelasi positif dengan kasus TB paru BTA positif adalah ; keluarga miskin (r=0,716 ; p=0,013), fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan mikroskopis (r=0,637 ; p=0,035), dan tenaga kesehatan terlatih (r=0,758 ; p=0,007). Daerah dengan beresiko tinggi terhadap TB adalah Kabupaten Sarolangun. Rekomendasi : prioritas pembiayaan dalam rangka pengendalian TB dilakukan pada daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan tinggi, perlu ditingkatkan jumlah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan mikroskopis, dan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas tenaga kesehatan terlatih terutama pada daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan tinggi maupun sedang, serta perlu penelitian analisis spasial lebih lanjut di Kabupaten Sarolangun. Kata kunci : analisis kerawanan, faktor resiko, kasus TB paru BTA positif

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Conditions in Jambi Province in the last 3 years an increasing number of cases of BTA positive pulmonary TB . Allegedly there are factors associated with the incidence of BTA positive pulmonary TB cases in the province of Jambi . The purpose of this study was to identify areas of vulnerability BTA positive pulmonary TB cases in Jambi Province in 2013. The study design used in this research is the design of ecological studies with statistical tests of correlation and spatial analysis approach. The results of the bivariate analysis were shown to be associated and have a positive correlation with BTA positive pulmonary TB cases are ; poor (r = 0.716 ; p = 0.013), health care facilities microscopic (r = 0.637 ; p = 0.035), and skilled health personnel (r = 0.758 ; p = 0.007). Areas with high risk of TB is Sarolangun. Recommendation : priority problems of financing in the context of TB control is done in areas with high levels of insecurity, increased the number of health care facilities microscopic, and improving the quality and quantity of trained health workers, especially in areas with high or medium levels of vulnerability, as well as the need to further study the spatial analysis in Sarolangun. Keywords : vulnerability analysis, risk factors , BTA positive pulmonary TB cases

Abstrak: Tuberkulosis masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama saat ini dan menjadi tantangan global. Ada beberapa faktor risiko yang mempermudah terjadinya tuberculosis pada anak, yaitu anak yang terpajan dengan orang dewasa dengan TB paru BTA positif terutama tinggal serumah, tinggal di daerah endemis, lingkungan yang sanitasinya tidak baik, faktor ekonomi, kondisi rumah tinggal (ukuran, kepadatan dan ventilasi rumah). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat besarnya risiko kejadian sakit tuberculosis pada anak yang kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional, dilakukan pada November 2015-Maret 2016. Sampel adalah anak yang memeriksakan diri dan melakukan test tuberculin di Puskesmas kecamatan Cilandak.Untuk melihat hubungan dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 85 anak melakukan test tuberculin, dan dari 69 anak yang kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif didapatkan 8 anak (11,6%) yang positif. Sedangkan dari 16 anak yang tidak kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif didapatkan 1 anak (6,2%) yang hasil test tuberkulinnya positif.Ada hubungan bermakna antara kepadatan hunian dan anggota keluarga yang merokok dengan risiko kejadian tuberculosis pada anak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah risiko kejadian tuberculosis dapat dipengaruhi karena kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif.
Kata kunci : Test tuberkulin, TB paru BTA positif, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis remains one of the major health problems at the moment and become a global challenge. There are several risk factors that facilitate the occurrence of tuberculosis in children, the children exposed to adults with pulmonary TB smear positive mainly stayed at home, living in endemic areas, environmental sanitation is not good, economic factors, the condition of residence (size, density and ventilation home). The purpose of this study to see the magnitude of the risk of the occurrence of illness tuberculosis in children with household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This study used cross sectional design of the study, conducted in November 2015 and March 2016. The sample is child check-ups and perform tuberculin test in Cilandak sub-district health centers. In this study, 85 children perform tuberculin test, and of the 69 children whose household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients found 8 children (11.6%) were positive. While the 16 children who are not household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients got one child (6.2%) were the result of test tuberculin is positif.There is significant relationship between population density and family members who smoke the risk of incidence of tuberculosis in children. The conclusion of this study is the risk of tuberculosis incidence may be affected due to household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Keywords : Tuberculin test, sputum smear positive pulmonary TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstrak: Penyakit Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan olehMikrobakterium Tuberkulosis. Kasus TB paru di Puskesmas KecamatanPesanggrahan pada tahun 2015 ditemukan 203 penderita dengan BTA (Basil TahanAsam) (+). Penelitian ini bertujuan agar diketahuinya faktor yang mempengaruhi(meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, status gizi, pendidikan, statusmerokok, jumlah rokok yang dihisap, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, kepadatanhunian, pencahayaan, ventilasi, suhu, dan kelembaban) terhadap kejadian TB paruBTA(+) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Pesanggrahan Jakarta Selatantahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus-kontrol, sampel penelitianadalah penderita TB Paru BTA(+) yang berobat di Puskesmas KecamatanPesanggrahan pada April-Mei 2016 sebagai kasus, dan pasien non-TB sebagaikontrol. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner teruji.Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, dan analisismultivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwavariabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian TB paru BTA+ adalah Statusgizi (p=0,000, adjusted OR=6,329), dan Sikap (p=0,003, adjusted OR=4,529).Disarankan agar responden memperoleh asupan gizi seimbang setiap harinya.
Kata Kunci : sikap, status gizi, TB Paru BTA+

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Tuberculosis disease is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.There were 203 new cases of AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) (+) pulmonary TB inPesanggrahan District Community Health Centers in 2015. The purpose of studywas to known the factors influenced (which include age, sex, occupation, income,nutritional status, education, smoking, number of smoked, knowledge, attitude,behaviour, populous household, house lights, ventilation, room temperature, andhumidity) the incidence of AFB(+) pulmonary TB in Pesanggrahan DistrictCommunity Health Centers, South Jakarta, in 2016. The method used in this studywas a case-control study, , have done within April-May 2016, the cases is AFB(+)pulmonary TB patients registered in Pesanggrahan District Community HealthCenters, with other non-TB patients as the control. The data was collected withinterview using tested questionnaires. Data analysis was performed with univariateanalysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis (logistic regression test).Multivariate analysis shows that variables with significant impact on AFB(+)pulmonary TB are nutritional status (p=0,000, adjusted OR=6,329), and attitude(p=0,003, adjusted OR=4,529). Recommended to respondent get nutrition thatcontain balanced nutrition every day.
Keywords : AFB(+) pulmonary TB, attitude, nutritional status

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi ekologi yang bertujuan untuk mencari korelasi spasial antara ketinggian wilayah, kepadatan penduduk, dan cakupan rumah sehat dengan proporsi TB paru basil tahan asam (BTA) positif di Kota Semarang, Kota Ungaran dan Kota Magelang 2016-2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Semarang, Kota Ungaran dan Kota Magelang dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan, Badan Pusat Statistik dan Badan Informasi Geospasial dari tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2021. Selanjutnya untuk analsis statistik data dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman untuk uji bivariat dan analisis spasial menggunakan teknik overlay. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara variabel ketinggian wilayah dengan proporsi kasus TB paru BTA positif di Kota Semarang, Kota Ungaran dan Kota Magelang.

Abstrak: ABSTRAK
PM2,5 merupakan salah satu indikator adanya pencemaran udara dalamruang (indoor air pollution). Indonesia termasuk peringkat kelima jumlah kasus TBterbesar di dunia, dan Kota Cirebon merupakan kota dengan angka penemuan kasusTB paru tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis hubungan PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah dengan kejadian TBparu BTA positif di Kota Cirebon.Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kriteria kasus adalah penderitabaru TB Paru yang berusia minimal 15 tahun dan hasil pemeriksaan sputum positifberdasarkan konfirmasi laboratorium Puskesmas periode November 2014 s/d April2015 serta bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Kriteria kontrol adalah tetanggaterdekat kasus yang tidak menderita TB paru, tidak memiliki gejala klinis mirip TBparu berdasarkan konfirmasi dari petugas puskesmas setempat, berusia minimal 15tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Total jumlah sampel adalah 168responden dengan jumlah kasus adalah 84 responden, dan kontrol 84 responden.Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah berpengaruh terhadapkejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon (OR 7,034; 95% CI 3,570 ? 13,860).Variabel lainnya yang signifikan adalah jenis kelamin (OR 3,947; 95% CI 2,026-7,692), lama berada di rumah (OR 2,682; 95% CI 1,430 ? 5,028), jenis bahan bakarmemasak (OR 3,260; 95% CI 1,116-9,523), status merokok (OR 3,034; 95% CI1,446 ? 6,365), jenis atap rumah (OR 3,713; 95% CI 1,945 ? 7,089), dan lajuventilasi kamar (OR 2,493; 95% CI 1,264 ? 4,918). Hasil analisis multivariatdengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumahberhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI2,904-12,975) dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, jenis atap rumah, dan lajuventilasi kamar. Masih banyak rumah yang belum dilengkapi jendela atauventilasinya kurang, atap rumah tidak dilengkapi oleh langit-langit, sehingga masihbanyak rumah yang tidak memenuhi kriteria rumah sehat. Diperlukan upayapeningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kriteria rumah sehat,dan masyarakat agar menjaga pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, termasuk tidakmerokok.

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ABSTRACT
PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.;PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking., PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.]

Abstrak: Capaian cakupan CDR Kota Depok dari tahun 2009 sampai 2014 di bawah target nasional. Kota Depok berada di urutan 24 dari 27 Kabupaten/Kota yang ada di Jawa Barat dengan nilai CDR sebesar 34,28%. Hanya 5 dari 32 puskesmas yang mencapai target nasional pada tahun 2014. Penelitian kualitatif ini membahas tentang penemuan kasus TB paru BTA positif di Kota Depok. Sampelnya adalah Puskesmas Pancoran Mas yang mencapai target dan Puskesmas Sawangan yang tidak mencapai target. Variabel yang diteliti adalah faktor input puskesmas (SDM, Dana, Sarana Prasarana dan Implementasi), peran Dinas Kesehatan dan faktor Kemitraan Masyarakat. Ditemukan bahwa keberhasilan penemuan kasus TB paru BTA positif terutama karena promosi kesehatan yang melibatkan lintas program dan sektor. Petugas P2TB mempunyai peran penting untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat dan keluarga pasien didukung dengan ketersedian dana. Penelitian ini menyarankan diperluas evaluasi melibatkan seluruh petugas yang terkait dalam pelaksanaan P2TB, baik di Dinas Kesehatan maupun Puskesmas Kata kunci : Penemuan Kasus TB Paru BTA Positif, Puskesmas dan Studi Kualitatif Case detection of TB cases with BTA positive has been underperformed in Depok since 2009 to 2014. Depok is listed as member 24 of the 27 district / city in West Java with CDR value of 34,28%. Of the 32 health centers in the city of Depok, only 5 community health center (15.6%), reached the national target of in 2014. This study discusses case finding of BTA positive pulmonary TB cases samples were Puskesmas Pancoran Mas with good performance and Puskesmas Sawangan that has not reached the target. Variables involved were Puskesmas input factors (Human Resources, Cost, Infrastructure and Implementation), role of district health office and community participation. It was found that the success of the case detection BTA positive pulmonary TB cases mainly because of health promotion involving other programs and multisectors. The P2TB officers played an important role to disseminate and provide education to the community and the families of patients, supported by the sufficient funding. The study suggested to conduct a thorough evaluation involving all relevant staffs in the implementation of P2TB, both in the District Health Office and Community Health Center. Key Words: Case Detection Rate of Tuberulosis, Community Health Center and Qualitative Study