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Nata Lisa Ervina Sari, Lenie Marlinae, Frieda Anie Noor
JPKMI Vol.1, No.1
Banjarbaru : FK Universitas Lambung Mangkurat - IAKMI, 2014
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Bayu Adhi Nugroho; Pembimbing: Diah M. Utari; Penguji: Trini Sudiarti, Aisyah Rosalinda
S-6721
Depok : FKM UI, 2011
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Muhammad Mundzir Kamiluddin; Pembimbing: Zakianis; Penguji: Mila herdayati, Teti Tejayanti
Abstrak:
Di negara-negara berkembang hampir 1 dari 5 Balita meninggal disebabkan olehpneumonia. Balita merupakan kelompok umur yang rentan terhadap terserangpneumonia. Period prevalence pneumonia pada anak Balita di DKI Jakartaberdasarkan data Riskesdas 2013 mencapai 19,6 permil.
Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan faktor lainnya yangberhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada Balita di DKI Jakarta denganmenggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional.Analisis univariat digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan masing-masing variabelyang diteliti dan analisis bivariat digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antaravariabel independen dengan variabel dependen.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa prevalensi pneumonia Balita di DKI Jakarta sebesar 4%. Hasil analisisbivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadianpneumonia Balita adalah usia Balita.
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, DKI Jakarta, Riskesdas 2013
In development countries nearly 1 in 5 children under five years old died due topneumonia. Children under five years old are the age group that susceptible topneumonia. Period prevalence of pneumonia in children under five years old inJakarta based on National Basic Health Research 2013 has reached 19.6 per mil.
The objective of this study is to determine the physical environment of house andother factors associated to the incidence of pneumonia children under five yearsold in Jakarta using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. This study designis cross-sectional study. Univariate analysis is used to describe each variablestudied and bivariate analysis is used to determine the relationship between thedependent and independent variables.
The results showed that the prevalence ofpneumonia children under five years old in Jakarta at 4%. Results of bivariateanalysis showed that the variables associated with the incidence of pneumonia isage of children under five.
Key words: Pneumonia, children under five years old, physical environment ofhouse, DKI Jakarta, Riskesdas 2013
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Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan faktor lainnya yangberhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada Balita di DKI Jakarta denganmenggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional.Analisis univariat digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan masing-masing variabelyang diteliti dan analisis bivariat digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antaravariabel independen dengan variabel dependen.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa prevalensi pneumonia Balita di DKI Jakarta sebesar 4%. Hasil analisisbivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadianpneumonia Balita adalah usia Balita.
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, DKI Jakarta, Riskesdas 2013
In development countries nearly 1 in 5 children under five years old died due topneumonia. Children under five years old are the age group that susceptible topneumonia. Period prevalence of pneumonia in children under five years old inJakarta based on National Basic Health Research 2013 has reached 19.6 per mil.
The objective of this study is to determine the physical environment of house andother factors associated to the incidence of pneumonia children under five yearsold in Jakarta using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. This study designis cross-sectional study. Univariate analysis is used to describe each variablestudied and bivariate analysis is used to determine the relationship between thedependent and independent variables.
The results showed that the prevalence ofpneumonia children under five years old in Jakarta at 4%. Results of bivariateanalysis showed that the variables associated with the incidence of pneumonia isage of children under five.
Key words: Pneumonia, children under five years old, physical environment ofhouse, DKI Jakarta, Riskesdas 2013
S-9046
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Feby An’nisa Putri Harahap; Pembimbing: Umar Fahmi Achmadi; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Zhara Juliane
Abstrak:
Kualitas udara dapat memburuk akibat pencemaran udara serta faktor meteorologis seperti suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan dan kecepatan angin. Pencemaran udara adalah terjadinya kontaminasi udara di dalam dan luar ruangan oleh gas dan padatan yang merubah karakteristik alaminya. Polutan utama pada pencemaran udara meliputi PM2,5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2 dan NOx. Pencemaran udara dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah ISPA. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit menular yang menyerang saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan bawah, disebabkan oleh lebih dari 300 jenis bakteri, virus, dan riketsia. Gejala ISPA, yang dapat muncul dalam hitungan jam atau hari, meliputi demam, batuk, nyeri tenggorokan, pilek, dan kesulitan bernapas. Infeksi ini dapat berkisar dari tanpa gejala hingga parah dan fatal. ISPA sendiri merupakan salah satu penyakit yang akibat dari adanya pencemaran udara. Di Indonesia, ISPA merupakan penyakit menular yang paling sering dijumpai di layanan kesehatan sedangkan di Kota Bogor kejadian ISPA pernah mencapai 100 ribu kasus setiap tahunnya pada tahun 2014-2016. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti ingin menganalisis hubunungan antara kualitas udara ambien (PM10, SO2, NO2 dan O3) dan faktor meteorologis (suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan dan kecepatan angin) dengan kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor tahun 2019-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi ekologi time trend. Hasil uji korelasi menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi SO2 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,002). Sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,093), konsentrasi NO2 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,283), konsentrasi O3 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,439), suhu dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,571), kelembaban dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 1,000), curah hujan dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,732) dan kecepatan angin dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,334). Kemudian di dapatkan persamaan dari hasil uji regresi linear berganda antara PM10 dan SO2 dengan kejadian ISPA yaitu Kejadian ISPA = -41413,496 + 399,0079 (PM10) + 891,919 (SO2). Sedangkan hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa selama periode penelitian, kecematan Tanah Sareal merupakan wilayah yang memiliki kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hanya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara SO2 dan kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor pada tahun 2019-2022.
Air quality can deteriorate due to air pollution and meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. Air pollution is the contamination of indoor and outdoor air by gases and solids that alter its natural characteristics. Major air pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2, and NOx. Air pollution can lead to various diseases, one of which is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). ARI is a contagious disease affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, caused by over 300 types of bacteria, viruses, and rickettsia. ARI symptoms, which can appear within hours or days, include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and difficulty breathing. The infection can range from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. ARI is one of the diseases caused by air pollution. In Indonesia, ARI is the most common infectious disease encountered in healthcare facilities, and in Bogor City, ARI cases reached 100,000 annually between 2014-2016. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between ambient air quality (PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with a time-trend ecological study design. Correlation test results indicated a significant relationship between SO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.002). However, no significant relationships were found between PM10 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.093), NO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.283), O3 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.439), temperature and ARI incidence (p = 0.571), humidity and ARI incidence (p = 1.000), rainfall and ARI incidence (p = 0.732), and wind speed and ARI incidence (p = 0.334). A multiple linear regression analysis between PM10 and SO2 with ARI incidence yielded the equation: ARI Incidence = -41413.496 + 399.0079 (PM10) + 891.919 (SO2). Spatial analysis results showed that during the study period, Tanah Sareal district had the highest ARI incidence in Bogor City. In conclusion, only SO2 concentration was significantly associated with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022.
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Air quality can deteriorate due to air pollution and meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. Air pollution is the contamination of indoor and outdoor air by gases and solids that alter its natural characteristics. Major air pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2, and NOx. Air pollution can lead to various diseases, one of which is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). ARI is a contagious disease affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, caused by over 300 types of bacteria, viruses, and rickettsia. ARI symptoms, which can appear within hours or days, include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and difficulty breathing. The infection can range from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. ARI is one of the diseases caused by air pollution. In Indonesia, ARI is the most common infectious disease encountered in healthcare facilities, and in Bogor City, ARI cases reached 100,000 annually between 2014-2016. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between ambient air quality (PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with a time-trend ecological study design. Correlation test results indicated a significant relationship between SO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.002). However, no significant relationships were found between PM10 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.093), NO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.283), O3 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.439), temperature and ARI incidence (p = 0.571), humidity and ARI incidence (p = 1.000), rainfall and ARI incidence (p = 0.732), and wind speed and ARI incidence (p = 0.334). A multiple linear regression analysis between PM10 and SO2 with ARI incidence yielded the equation: ARI Incidence = -41413.496 + 399.0079 (PM10) + 891.919 (SO2). Spatial analysis results showed that during the study period, Tanah Sareal district had the highest ARI incidence in Bogor City. In conclusion, only SO2 concentration was significantly associated with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022.
S-11760
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Alifa Ayuni Prasetyo; Pembimbing: Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Muhammad Riedha
Abstrak:
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Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) yang dapat menghambat kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan higiene dan sanitasi terhadap stunting dengan mempertimbangkan faktor individu balita dan faktor keluarga pada anak berusia bawah lima tahun (0-60 bulan) atau balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunkan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 126 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan stunting berhubungan signifikan dengan higiene dan sanitasi (mencuci tangan dengan sabun (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); kepemilikan jamban pribadi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 9,750); dan kualitas fisik air (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,713)); faktor individu balita (usia balita 49-60 bulan (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 0,350) dan riwayat penyakit atau infeksi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,631)); serta faktor keluarga (sosial ekonomi keluarga (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) dan perilaku merokok keluarga (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis multivariat (uji Multiple Logistic Regression), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel kepemilikan jamban (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) dan usia balita rentang 49–60 bulan (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) dengan stunting. Dua variabel tersebut menyumbangkan 33,2% kasus kejadian stunting pada balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024.
Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, particularly during the first 1000 days of life, which can decrease the quality of human resources in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between hygiene and sanitation towards stunting, considering individual and family factors in children under five years old (0-60 months) in Bidara Cina Village, East Jakarta, in 2024. This study used a cross-sectional design with 126 respondents. This study collected primary data through observation and interviews. The bivariate analysis results showed that stunting was significantly associated with hygiene and sanitation practices (handwashing with soap (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); ownership of personal toilet facilities (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 9,750); and physical quality of water (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,713)); individual factors of toddlers (age 49-60 months (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 0,350) and history of illness or infection (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,631)); and family factors (family socioeconomic status (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) and family smoking behavior (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). The conclusion of this study is based on multivariate analysis (Multiple Logistic Regression test) that there was a significant relationship between the variables of toilet ownership (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) and the age range of 49-60 months (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) with stunting. Those two variables contributed to 33,2% of stunting cases among toddlers in Bidara Cina Subdistrict, East Jakarta, in 2024.
S-11759
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Latifah Alifiana Rahmawati; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Kurnia Sari, Prastuti Soewondo, Siti Masruroh dan Nanang Wahyu Santoso
Abstrak:
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Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi salah satu beban masalah kesehatan di dunia. Pada tahun 2021, terdapat 5 juta kematian anak balita akibat infeksi. Terdapat berbagai faktor yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit infeksi pada anak balita, salah satunya yaitu berat badan lahir kurang dari 2.500 gram atau berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir terhadap jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan dan rawat inap, durasi lama rawat inap, dan akumulasi biaya klaim BPJS akibat penyakit ISPA dan diare pada anak usia 0-59 bulan di FKRTL. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan dari 2017-2022, yang digabungkan dengan Indeks Kualitas Air dan Indeks Kualitas Udara dari Laporan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Jumlah kasus rawat jalan diestimasi menggunakan Regresi Binomial Negatif, jumlah kunjungan rawat inap dan jumlah hari rawat inap dianalisis dengan Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial, serta akumulasi biaya dianalisis menggunakan Regresi Gamma. Hasil: Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3.175 anak yang lahir pada tahun 2017 dengan kode INACBGs P-8-02 hingga P-8-17. Terdapat, 493 (15,53%) adalah anak dengan berat lahir rendah. Total pemanfaatan rawat jalan di antara anak-anak di bawah lima tahun karena diare dan ISPA 1.708 kunjungan (rata-rata: 0,56), dan pemanfaatan rawat inap adalah 1.174 (rata-rata: 0,38). Rata-rata lama menginap adalah 3,54 hari, dengan total 4.160 hari. Akumulasi biaya untuk rawat jalan adalah Rp353.548.900 (rata-rata: Rp111.354), dan untuk rawat inap adalah Rp3.737.613.820 (rata-rata: Rp1.177.201). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara berat badan lahir dengan jumlah kematian pada anak balita, rata-rata jumlah kematian pada anak dengan riwayat BBLR lebih tinggi dibanding anak dengan berat badan lahir normal. Meskipun berat badan lahir tidak berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan, namun jumlah kunjungan anak dengan BBLR lebih banyak dibandingkan anak dangan BBLN. Jumlah kunjungan rawat inap dan jumlah hari rawat inap di FKRTL selama 5 tahun lebih banyak secara signifikan pada anak dengan riwayat BBLR. Meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada akumulasi biaya perawatan namun jumlah kunjungan yang lebih banyak pada anak dengan BBLR dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan jumlah biaya pasien langsung seperti transportasi dan caregiver serta biaya pasien tidak langsung yakni income loss dari orang tua/caregiver
Infectious diseases are still one of the burdens of health problems in the world. In 2021, there will be 5 million deaths of children under five due to infections. Infectious diseases are still one of the burdens of health problems in the world. In 2021, there will be 5 million deaths of children under five due to infections. There are various factors that can cause infectious diseases in children under five, one of which is birth weight less than 2,500 grams or low birth weight (LBW). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the number of outpatient and inpatient visits, the duration of hospitalization, and the accumulation of BPJS claim costs due to ARI and diarrhea based on birth weight category in children aged 0-59 months at FKRTL. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design using BPJS Health Sample Data from 2017-2022, which was combined with the Water Quality Index and Air Quality Index from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Report. The number of outpatient cases was estimated using Negative Binomial Regression, the number of inpatient visits and the number of inpatient days were analyzed with Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial, and the accumulated costs were analyzed using Gamma Regression. Results: The subjects in this study were 3,175 children born in 2017 with INACBGs codes P-8-02 to P-8-17. There were 493 (15.53%) low birth weight children. Total outpatient utilization among children under five years of age due to diarrhea and ARI was 1,708 visits (mean: 0.56), and inpatient utilization was 1,174 (mean: 0.38). The average length of stay was 3.54 days, totaling 4,160 days. The accumulated cost for outpatient care was IDR353,548,900 (mean: IDR111,354), and for inpatient care was IDR3,737,613,820 (mean: IDR1,177,201). There was a significant association between birth weight and the number of deaths in children under five, with the average number of deaths in children with a history of LBW being higher than children with normal birth weight. Although birth weight was not significantly associated with the number of outpatient visits, children with LBW had more visits than children with normal birth weight. The number of inpatient visits and the number of days of hospitalization in FKRTL over 5 years were significantly higher in children with a history of LBW. Although there is no significant difference in the accumulated cost of care, the greater number of visits in children with LBW can affect the increase in the number of direct patient costs such as transportation and caregiver and indirect patient costs, namely income loss from parents/caregivers.
T-6985
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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