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Abstrak: Although respiratory disease has been strongly connected to fine particulate air pollution (particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5)), evidence has been mixed regarding the effects of coarse particles (particulate matter from 2.5 to 10 μm in diameter), possibly because of the greater spatial heterogeneity of coarse particles. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between coarse particles and respiratory emergency department visits, including common subdiagnoses, from 2005 to 2008 in 35 California counties. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to help control for time-invariant confounders and seasonal influences, and the study population was limited to those residing within 20 km of pollution monitors to mitigate the influence of spatial heterogeneity. Significant associations between respiratory emergency department visits and coarse particle levels were observed. Asthma visits showed associations (for 2-day lag, excess risk per 10 μg/m³ = 3.3%, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.6) that were robust to adjustment by other common air pollutants (particles < 2.5 μm in diameter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide). Pneumonia and acute respiratory infection visits were not associated, although some suggestion of a relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease visits was present. Our results indicate that coarse particle exposure may trigger asthma exacerbations requiring emergency care, and reducing exposures among asthmatic persons may provide benefits.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis pemulangan pasien rawat inap. Tujuan dilakukannyapenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lama waktu yang dibutuhkan dalamrangkaian proses pemulangan pasien serta mengidentifikasi kendala dan hambatanyang terjadi pada tiap tahapannya. Penelitian ini dilihat dari aspek input, proses,output. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Seluruh data yangada dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi secara langsung, wawancaramendalam serta telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa rata-ratalama waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pemulangan pasien rawat inap adalah159 menit (>2jam). hal ini melebihi standar waktu yang ditetapkan yaitu 120 menit.Proses terlama terdapat pada tahapan penerbitan slip tagihan oleh penata rekeningkepada keluarga pasien. Proses penyelesaian administrasi pasien rawat inapdipengaruhi oleh SDM, SOP, sarana, kebijakan yang berlaku di rumah sakit.Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk prosespemulangan pasien rawat inap masih termasuk kategori lama yaitu > 2 jam.Kata kunci : alur pemulangan, rawat inap, lama waktu, kendala.Jumlah referensi : 57 ( 1997-2015)

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This study analyzed about discharge process for home-hospitalized patient. Thisstudy is conducted to find the time rates of discharge process cycle and obstacles inevery step. This study also describe the process from different perspective such asinput, process and output. Type of the study is qualitative study. Data of the studywere collected from direct observation, in-depth interview, document analysis. Theresult of this study shows that the average time rate of discharge process of home-hospitalized patient was 159 minutes (>2 hours). This result is longer than thestandard discharge time (120 minutes). This result was influenced by many factors,such as human resources, standard operational procedure, infrastructure, policy ofthe hospital. In inclusion, time rate for discharge process of home-hospitalizedpatient is still categorized as long-awaited time which is more than 2 hours.Keyword : discharge process, hospitalization, time, obstaclesReferences : 57 ( 1997-2015).

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Abstrak: untuk Mencegah Insiden Medical Error di Unit Rawat Inap RSUD Ciracas Tahun 2017 Tahun 2016 RSUD Ciracas telah Lulus Perdana Akreditasi Rumah Sakit versi 2012. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Penerapan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien untuk mencegah insiden medical error di Unit Rawat Inap RSUD Ciracas tahun 2017. Penelitian dilakukan di bulan Mei-Juni 2017. Metode penelitian adalah Kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion dan Observasi. Didapatkan adanya sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan insiden medical error yang belum berjalan di unit rawat inap RSUD Ciracas. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menumbuhkan budaya keselamatan pasien dan menghilangkan budaya blaming di unit rawat inap RSUD Ciracas. Kata kunci : Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien, patient safety, medical error, Akreditasi, Rawat inap, RSUD Ciracas Error Incidences in Hospitalization Unit at RSUD Ciracas 2017 In 2016 RSUD Ciracas has passed The Perdana Hospital Accreditation version 2012. The purpose of this research is to know how the implementation of patient safety to prevent medical error incidences in Hospitalization Unit at RSUD Ciracas 2017. The research was done in May-June 2017. The research methode is kualitatif with deep interview, Focus Group Discussion and Observation. The finding is The record and report system of Medical Error Incidences was not fully running. We hope this research can grow patient safety and eliminate blaming culture in hospitalization unit at RSUD Ciracas. Keywords : Patient Safety, medical error, accreditation, hospitalization unit, RSUD Ciracas

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Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) merupakan salah satu kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam bidang kesehatan. Permenkes Nomor 26 Tahun 2021 Pasal 1 menyatakan bahwa Pedoman Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG) digunakan sebagai acuan Rumah Sakit, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan dan pihak lainnya dalam pelaksanaan klaim jaminan kesehatan. Permenkes Nomor 3 Tahun 2023 menyatakan di rumah sakit khusus tarif pelayanan untuk pasien kekhususan berlaku tarif sesuai kelasnya, sedangkan untuk pelayanan non kekhususan berlaku tarif INA-CBG satu tingkat lebih rendah. Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah (RSKD) Duren Sawit adalah satu-satunya Rumah Sakit Khusus Kelas A milik Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang melayani pasien di luar kekhususannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan klaim penggantian biaya rawat inap pasien jiwa dengan penyakit fisik pada tahun 2003. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain studi kasus dan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer adalah wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sedangkan data sekunder melalui telaah dokumen. Teori implementasi kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn digunakan dengan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan standar dan tujuan kebijakan masih belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik, pelatihan sumber daya manusia terbatas, belum terdapat Standar Prosedur Operasional dan clinical pathway khusus mengenai pasien jiwa dengan penyakit fisik, dan belum ada komunikasi khusus antar rumah sakit dan BPJS. Karakteristik instansi pelaksana dan sikap para pelaksana sudah baik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan sosialisasi dan advokasi yang menyeluruh, peningkatan pelatihan, pembuatan SPO dan clinical pathway, peningkatan komunikasi rumah sakit dan BPJS, serta penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai potensi loss of income rumah sakit. Kata kunci: Implementasi kebijakan, Klaim Biaya Rawat Inap, Pasien Jiwa Dengan Penyakit Fisik, Van Meter dan Van Horn

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Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) is Indonesian government's policies in the health sector. Permenkes Number 26 of 2021 Article 1 stated that Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG) is used as payment guidance for hospital and BPJS Kesehatan. According to Permenkes Number 3 of 2023 Article 29, in special hospital the service tariff for patients with specificity applies to the hospital rate according to their class, while for non-specific services, the rate applies one level lower. Duren Sawit Hospital is the only Class A Special Hospital in DKI Jakarta that serves patients outside of its specialties. This study was conducted to analyze the implementation of claim policy for hospitalization of mental patients with physical illness. This research was carried out with a case study design and qualitative approach. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and observation, whilst secondary data was obtained from document reviews. The theory used is of Van Meter and Van Horn. The results showed that the standards and objectives of the claim policy for hospitalization of mental patients with physical illnesss are still not properly socialized, human resource training are limited, there are no special SOP regarding mental patients with physical illnesss, there are no special communication between hospitals and BPJS regarding mental patients with physical illnesss. The characteristics and attitude of the implementing agencies and implementers are good. This study recommends to give comprehensive socialization and advocacy, to improve training, to make SOPs and clinical pathways, to improve communication between hospitals and BPJS, and further research regarding potential loss of income.   Key words:  Policy Implementation, Hospitalization Claims, Mental Patients With Physical Illnesses, Van Meter and Van Horn