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Kata kunci: Menstruasi, Perilaku Higiene Menstruasi, Remaja, Siswi SMP
This study aims to determine the factors associated to menstrual hygiene behaviors among female students at SMP Negeri 141 Jakarta in 2020. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional methods by primary data which is conducted at SMP Negeri 141 Jakarta in June 2020 with a total sample of 201 respondents. Menstrual hygiene behaviors is the dependent variable, while knowledge, attitudes, availability of menstrual hygiene facilities at school, information exposure about menstruation, teacher support, and peer support are the independent variables. The data used is the results of selfadministered online questionnaires and analyzed by chi-square test. Based on analysis, it is found that the highest proportion in the group of students who had bad menstrual hygiene behaviors is 82,6%, low knowledge 95,5%, negative attitudes 50,7%, the availability of complete menstrual hygiene facilities at school 79,1%, lack of information exposure about menstruation 92,5%, lack of teacher support 62,2%, and enough of peer support 79,1%. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with menstrual hygiene behaviors. The results of the study suggest to establish partnerships between schools and local health facilities to provide health promotion in the form of lecture and counseling conducted by health workers.
Keywords: Menstruation, Menstrual Hygiene Behaviors, Adolescent, Female Student
In general, menarche occurs at the age of 12-14 years. However, the last few decades have seen a trend of decreasing the age of menarche to younger, even though earlier or later menarche can impact health. Nutritional factors, including eating habits, are important and can be modified in their influence on the age of menarche. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted to analyze the relationship between eating habits and menarche age in 420 female students from 15 selected junior high schools in DKI Jakarta Province. Data collection was carried out in May 2023 through interviews, filling out questionnaires, and measuring the weight and height of female students. The analysis found that the average age of menarche was 11 years 9 months, with the youngest menarche being 8 years 11 months and the oldest menarche being 14 years 4 months. Junior high school students in DKI Jakarta Province tend for daily consumption to exceed 100% of the RDA for carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, and salt. However, as many as 70.7% of respondents have a habit of eating fiber less than 100% of the RDA. Low fiber diet (<29 grams/day) was also found to be significantly related to earlier menarche age either through the bivariate test (p = 0.006) or multivariate test after controlling for eating habits of fat, protein, and salt (p = 0.047) with a value OR = 0.569 (95% CI 0.325-0.993) which means girls with low fiber eating habits have a 1.76 times chance of getting menarche earlier than girls with high fiber eating habits. A balanced nutritional intake pattern, including vegetables and fruits, is a recommendation because nutrition is an important factor for adolescent growth and development, and adolescent health in general.
Kata kunci: Anemia, asupan zat besi, literasi gizi, siswi, status gizi
Abstrak
Alat ukur yang valid diperlukan untuk mengetahui status gizi lebih pada remaja puteri sehingga dapat diambil tindakan yang tepat, cepat dan mencegah kebingungan pengguna alat dalam menentukan alat yang tepat untuk menentukan status gizi lebih pada remaja puteri. Selain itu, alat yang harganya murah, mudah, dan cepat dalam pengoperasiannya juga diperlukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan model prediksi baru yang memiliki validitas optimal untuk memperkirakan persen lemak tubuh siswi MTs dan MA Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera Kota Cimahi tahun 2012 sehingga dapat diketahui status gizi lebihnya. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi validitas pengukuran antropometri (IMT, IMT WHO (Z Score), Skinfold Thickness (ST), dan Lingkar Pinggang (LP)) dan model prediksi (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee, dan Chan) jika dibandingkan dengan Persen Lemak Tubuh (PLT) BIA sebagai gold standard. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional (potong lintang) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif observational. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 110 siswi dengan menggunakan desain stratifikasi proporsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persen lemak tubuh responden adalah 26.51 % ± 5.48 %. Model prediksi yang didapatkan dari hasil multivariat adalah model prediksi Khairani (PLT Khairani = 0,991 IMT + 0,069 ST + 0,249 U - 1,703). Berdasarkan hasil uji validasi, model prediksi Khairani memiliki validitas optimal jika dibandingkan dengan model prediksi lainnya. IMT memiliki validitas optimal jika dibandingkan dengan seluruh pengukuran antropometri dan model prediksi. IMT dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat ukur untuk menentukan status gizi lebih pada siswi MTS dan MA Yayasan Asih Putera karena memiliki validitas yang optimal, lebih mudah dan cepat dalam pengoperasiannya, harganya relatif murah dan tidak invasive.
The valid measurement tools needed to identify the overnutritional status of teenage girls in order to take the right action immediately and prevent the ambiguity in choosing the right measurement tools for the users. Beside those, the cheap price, easiness and quickness to use the measurement tools needed also. The purpose of this study was to get the new prediction model which had optimum validity for estimating body fat percentage of school girls from MTs and MA Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera Cimahi 2012 in order to identify their overnutritional status. This study also evaluated validation of anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI WHO (Z Score), Skinfold Thickness (ST), and Waist Circumference (WC)) and several prediction models (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee, and Chan) against body fat percentage of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) as a gold standard. The design of this study was a cross sectional one with a quantitative observational approach. Quantity of sample was 110 school girls which taken by stratified proportional desain. The result of study showed that mean of body fat percentage of respondents was 26.57 % ±5.20 %. The prediction model which got from the multivariate analysis was Khairani model prediction (MP Khairani = 0,991*BMI + 0,069*ST + 0,249*Age - 1,703). Based on validation test, Khairani model prediction has optimum validity if compared with other prediction models. BMI has optimum validity if compared with other antropometric measurements and prediction models. BMI can be considered as a measurement tool for identifying overnutritional status of school girls?s MTs and MA Yayasan Asih Putera because of it has optimum validity, easiness and quickness in operation, less cost, and noninvasive.
