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Kata kunci: Kasus rujukan, dokter, puskesmas, pasien JKN
This study aims to determine the factors associated with referral cases of National Health Insurance (JKN) Participants at Tanah Sareal health center and Cipaku health center in 2016. This study uses a mixed methods research with quantitative and qualitative approach, by using secondary data from primary care application of health centers and in-depth interviews. The results of this study found that referral cases are influenced by patient age, sex, type of membership, diagnosis, distance of health center to referral center, completeness of medical equipment, physician perception about the role of gatekeeper and capitation, physician experience and patient understanding of participants JKN about referral procedures. The researcher suggests improving the physician decision to reduce referral cases are not based on medical indications, and the coordination between health center, BPJS Kesehatan and the regional health office to provide medical equipment required in health center.
Key words: Referral cases, physician, health center and patient JKN
Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Sebagian besar terjadi selama melahirkan dan periode postpartum langsung dengan penyebab utama akibat komplikasi obstetrik. Pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan telah dikaitkan dengan upaya menurunkan angka kematian ibu, pemanfaatan pelayanan ini masih relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi determinan pemanfaatan pelayanan berdasarkan karateristik individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, dengan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran angket kepada 203 responden. Hasilnya menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pendapatan keluarga, sikap terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dan persepsi kebutuhan kesehatan yang dirasakan dengan pemanfataan pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Sikap merupakan determinan paling dominan terhadap pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan (p=0,000 OR=19,292 CI 95%=8,337–44,644). Sedangkan umur, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, persepsi jarak dan waktu tempuh ke fasilitas kesehatan tidak teridentifikasi berhubungan secara signifikan. Disarankan kepada pihak puskesmas untuk meningkatkan koordinasi dengan berbagai pihak terkait, mengintegrasikan program kesehatan ibu dengan program lain, melibatkan masyarakat dalam mengidentifikasi masalah kesehatan, dan menyebarkan informasi pentingnya pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan, sikap, persepsi.
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still quite high. Mostly occurred during delivery and immediate postpartum period due to the major cause of obstetric complications. Delivery assistance by health professionals has been associated with reducing maternal mortality effort, this service utilization is still relatively low. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of health service utilization based on individual characteristics. Cross sectional approach was used with primary data that is collected by spread out the questionaire to 203 respondents with . The results showed that there is a relationship between family income, attitudes toward health care and perceptions to the need of heath service with the utilization of delivery assistance by health professionals. Attitude is the most dominant determinant of delivery assistance by health professional (p = 0.000 OR = 19.292 95% CI = 8.337 to 44.644). As for age, education level, occupation, property insurance, the perception of distance and travel time to health facilities was not significantly associated. The recommendation for the Cijeruk Health centre is to enhance coordination with relevant stakeholders, integrating maternal health program with other programs, involving the community in identifying health problems, and disseminate important information delivery assistance by health professionals. v Universitas Indonesia Keywords: Delivery asisstance by health personnel, attitudes, perceptions.
Implementation of the JKN program should be able to increase people's access to health services. However, disparities in health services still exist. The study aims to analyze the utilization of health services based on regional status for JKN participants in Indonesia from 2019 to 2021 and also examine the factors that influence the utilization of inpatient healthcare for JKN participants in Indonesia. This research uses Susenas secondary data for 2019, 2020 and 2021. Data were analyzed bivariately and multivariately using the Binary Regression method using a logit model. The results showed that regional status is significantly related (p-value 0.000 <0.05) to health utilization of JKN participants from 2019 to 2021. Respondents who live in urban areas in 2019 have 1,141 times, 1,127 times in 2020 and 1,127 times in 2021 higher odds ratio than respondents who live in rural areas. Age, gender, educational status, marital status, employment status, economic status and province are significantly related (p-value 0.000 <0.05) to the utilization of inpatient healthcare for JKN participants.
Laporan Pelaksanaan Program JPKMM Puskesmas Warung Jambu Tahun 2007 tentang kunjungan peserta Jamkesmas ke pelayanan kesehatan mencatat hanya sebanyak 7,7 %. Sedangkan pada tingkat Puskesmas, diharapkan peserta yang dapat dilayani sebanyak 15 % - 20 % dari total penduduk miskin di suatu wilayah kerja. Tidak tercapainya target utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan dapat berdampak pada rendahnya status kesehatan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas Warung Jambu di Kecamatan Bogor Utara Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain Cross Sectional, yang dilakukan pada Bulan November 2008 pada 118 responden yang memiliki kartu Jamkesmas dan dalam tiga bulan terakhir pernah ke Puskesmas. Variabel dependen adalah utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan, variabel independen adalah faktor predisposisi (pendidikan, pengetabuan, sikap dan persepsi), faktor enabling (ketersediaan pelayanan, jarak, waktu, sarana dan biaya transportasi serta waktu tunggu layanan) dan faktor reinforcing (dukungan petugas dan dukungan keluarga). Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 56,8 % responden menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas dalam 3 bulan terakhir. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara waktu tunggu layanan dengan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas setelah dikontrol pengetahuan dan dukungan petugas, dimana responden yang menilai waktu tunggu layanan singkat berpeluang 2,3 kali untuk menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas dibandingkan dengan responden yang menilai waktu tunggu layanan lama. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka untuk meningkatkan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas perlunya mempersingkat waktu tunggu layanan dengan cara mempercepat proses pendaftaran, menerapkan pelaksanaan SOP pada pemeriksaan pasien tanpa mengorbankan waktu tunggu pasien lain dan membuat sebuah sistem pelayanan yang terpadu pada alur pelayanan.
JPKMM program at Warung Jambu health center reported that in 2007 there were only 7,7% of Jamkesmas participants who used public health center. Meanwhile, at the level of health centers, it is expected that participants can be as much as 15% - 20% of the total population in a poor area. The non optimum utilization of health services can impact on the low health status of the popUlation. This study objective is to know the ractors that affect the utilization of health services at Warung Jambu health centers in the sub-district of North Bogor in 2008. This research is using cross sectional design, conducted in November 2008 following by 118 respondents who have Jamkesmas card and in the last three months have been to health center. The dependent variable is the utilization of health services, the independent variables are predisposing factors (education, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions), enabling factors (the availability of services, distance, time, cost and facilities of transporiation and waitting time services) and reinforcing factors (health worker and family support). Research revealed 56.8% of respondents use health services at health centers. Statistic test showed thst there is significant relationship of the waitting time of service to utilization of health services at the health center controlled by the knowledge and health worker support, where respondents who rate the waitting time services are good likely to use health services at health centers 2,3 times higher compared by respondents who rate the waitting time service less. Based On these results. in order to improve health services utilization at public health center by improving the performance of waitting time service. By speed up the registration desk, use strandard operational procedure on patient checking whitout neglecting other patient waitting time service and make the better system in service low.
