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Underweight is one form of undernutrition that is often experienced by children.Characteristics of children, parents, and the environment were factors affecting theincidence of underweight in children, especially aged 24-59 months. This study aimedto find out the dominant factors affecting underweight in children aged 24-59 months inJava Island. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from IFLS V (2014). Totalrespondents of this study were 1,270 children aged 24-59 months who lived in JavaIsland. Z-scores for weight-for-age was determined and classified using WHOAnthroPlus software, while SPSS software was used to process the data. This studyfound that 20.2% children in Java were underweight. Variables that significantlyassociated (p-value <0,05) with underweight were LBW, ARI, diarrhea, frequency ofeating milk and its products, education level of father and mother, and underweightfather. While gender, gestational age, basic immunization, anemia status, exclusivebreastfeeding history, other eating frequencies, maternal nutritional status, smokinghabits of fathers and mothers, and area of residence were not significantly associatedwith underweight (p-value >0,05). Based on multivariat analysis, low frequency ofeating milk and dairy product was the dominant factor in this study (OR=1,798).Key words:children under five; food consumption; IFLS 2014; Indonesia; underweight.
ABSTRAK
Stunting atau perawakan pendek pada anak merupakan suatu ?tragedi yang tersembunyi? dan dampaknya menyebabkan gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang irreversibel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24 ? 59 bulan di Kelurahan Harapan Mulya Kota Bekasi tahun 2013. Disain penelitian adalah cross sectional dan melibatkan 143 sampel yang diambil dengan sampel acak sederhana. Status stunting dinilai berdasarkan Z-score TB/U menurut klasifikasi WHO. Pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoice, berat badan menggunakan timbangan digital, asupan makanan (energi, protein, vitamin A, zink) menggunakan FFQ semikuantitatif. ASI, berat lahir, penyakit infeksi, pendidikan ayah dan ibu, status ekonomi didapatkan melalui wawancara.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan sebanyak 32,9% balita usia 24-59 bulan tergolong stunting. Uji chi-square menunjukkan berat lahir, asupan energi dan protein, asupan zink, pendidikan ayah dan status ekonomi berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting. Analisis regresi logistik menghasilkan berat lahir sebagai faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting setelah dikontrol pendidikan ayah dan asupan energi (p=0,003;OR=6,663;CI=1,87? 23,5). Untuk mencegah kejadian stunting pada balita, disarankan pemeriksaan kehamilan yang teratur, memberikan makanan bergizi seimbang untuk balita sesuai AKG yang dianjurkan, mempersiapkan status kesehatan dan gizi yang baik untuk remaja perempuan sebelum kehamilan.
ABSTRACT
Stunting or short stature is a ?hidden tragedy? and its impact causes disorder to a irreversible child?s development. The aim of this study were to determine the dominant factor of stunting among children aged 24-59 months at Harapan Mulya sub-district in Bekasi city 2013. Design was a cross sectional study on 143 children whom chosen by simple random sampling. Status of stunting were expressed by height for age z-score (HAZ) according to the WHO classification. Children?s height were measured using microtoise, body weight was measured with digital scales, nutrients intake (energy, protein, vitamin A and zink) were collected throught semiquantitative FFQ. Breastfeeding, birthweight, infection disease, education of father and mother and economic status were collected through interview.
The analysis result showed 32,9% children aged 24-59 months were stunting. Chi-square test showed birthweight , energy and protein intake, zinc intake, father education and economic status were significant correlate with stunting. Logistic regression analysis showed birthweight variable as a dominant factor which related to stunting after being controlled by father education and energy input (p=0,003;OR=6,663;CI=1,8723,5). Suggestion for deterrence of stunting is the regular pregnancy inspection, giving nutritious wellbalanced under five years food input as according to AKG suggested, preparing good nutrient and health status for woman adolescent before pregnancy.
Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada balita yang diakibatkan karena kekurangan gizi kronis dan terjadi dalam jangka waktu panjang ditandai dengan tinggi/panjang badan anak terhadap usia <-2 SD kurva pertumbuhan WHO. Prevalensi Stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2022 adalah 21,6%. Provinsi NTB merupakan salah satu provinsi yang mengalami kenaikan prevalensi stunting dari dari 31,4% pada tahun 2021 menjadi 32,7% pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu faktor risiko penyebab stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi NTB. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional menggunakan data SSGI 2022. Sampel dalam penelitian ini anak anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi NTB yang terpilih menjadi responden SSGI 2022. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, sumber air minum, dan kepemilikan jamban berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,05). Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Provinsi NTB adalah sumber air minum setelah dipengaruhi oleh variabel jenis kelamin anak dan pendidikan ibu (OR : 1,399 ; 95% CI : 1,168-1,675).
Stunting is a condition of failure to grow in toddlers due to malnutrition over a long period of time characterized by the height/length of the child's body for age <-2 SD on the WHO growth curve. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2022 is 21.6%. NTB Province is one of the provinces that has experienced an increase in the prevalence of stunting from 31,4% in 2021 to 32,7% in 2022. This research aims to determine the risk factors that cause stunting in children aged 24-59 months in NTB Province. The design of this study was cross-sectional using SSGI 2022 data. The sample in this study was children aged 24-59 months in NTB Province who were selected as respondents to the SSGI 2022. Data analysis was carried out using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results of the study showed that gender, maternal education, maternal occupation, the number of children under five in the family, drinking water sources, and ownership of toilet were related to the incidence of stunting (p<0.05). The dominant factor associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in NTB Province is drinking water sources which is influences by the sex of the child and maternal education (OR : 1,399 ; 95% CI : 1,168-1,675).
This study discusses about factors associated with stunting in Indonesia through panel data from Indonesian Family Life Study (IFLS-V). This research is a quantitative study with crossectional design. Total sample amounted to 2855 in toddlers 12-59 months. The variables used are gender, age, food frequency, immunization, diarrhea, ARI, exclusive breastfeeding, clean dringking water, defecation behavior and dwelling. The results of this study which were stated to be significantly associated with stunting were of age, defecation behavior, dwelling, frequency of drinking milk, clean dringking water and immunization. The most influential variable on stunting was defecation behavior with an OR value of 2,243 (95% CI: 1,418-3,546) after being controlled by age, milk drinking frequency and residence.