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Diabetes melitus (DM) masih menjadi tantangan bagi negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) memproyeksikan angka DM di Indonesia akan meningkat 150%, menjadi 28,6 juta jiwa pada tahun 2045. WHO merekomendasikan kelompok berisiko untuk melakukan kombinasi dari konsumsi buah dan sayur ≥5 porsi/hari serta melakukan aktivitas fisik cukup untuk hasil optimal dalam menurunkan risiko DM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara efek gabungan konsumsi buah-sayur dan aktivitas fisik dengan DM pada penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain studi cross sectional dari data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan total sampel 23.821 orang dewasa berusia 18-64 tahun di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi DM pada orang dewasa sebesar 15,2%. Analisis multivariat dengan uji logistic regression menunjukkan asosiasi yang tidak signifikan antara konsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik kurang dibandingkan dengan penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup (RRCorrected 1,2; 95%CI 1,08-1,52 p value 0,607), artinya penduduk dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur <3 porsi/hari dan memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah memiliki tren peningkatan risiko DM sebesar 1,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa yang mengonsumsi buah-sayur ≥5 porsi/hari dan aktivitas fisik cukup setelah dikontrol variabel usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi dan obesitas sentral, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Optimalisasi upaya pencegahan DM dengan meningkatkan intake buah-sayur agar memenuhi rekomendasi ≥5 porsi/hari dapat dilakukan penduduk dewasa usia 18-64 tahun yang disertai dengan meningkatkan kegiatan aktivitas fisik baik sedang maupun berat serta meningkatkan kegiatan olah raga bersama baik di sekolah, kampus, kantor maupun di rumah.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a significant challenge for developing countries, including Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) projects that the number of DM cases in Indonesia will increase by 150%, reaching 28,6 million by 2045. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups adopt a combination of consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and engaging in sufficient physical activity for optimal results in reducing DM risk. This study aims to examine the association between the combined effects of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on DM among adults aged 18–64 years in Indonesia in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), involving a total sample of 23,821 adults aged 18–64 in Indonesia. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among adults was 15,2%. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed a non-significant association between consuming <3 servings of fruits and vegetables per day with insufficient physical activity compared to adults who consumed ≥5 servings per day and engaged in adequate physical activity (RRcorrected 1,2; 95% CI 1,08–1,52, p-value 0,607). This suggests that adults with low fruit and vegetable intake (<3 servings/day) and low physical activity had a trend of a 1,2 times higher risk of DM compared to those who met the recommended intake (≥5 servings/day) and had sufficient physical activity, after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and central obesity—though the result was not statistically significant. To optimize DM prevention efforts, adults aged 18–64 should increase their fruit and vegetable intake to meet the recommended ≥5 servings per day, alongside increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and promoting group exercise activities in schools, universities, workplaces, and at home.
Bankground: Cardiovascular disease, including stroke, is a major health problem in the world. Every year, there are more than 13.7 million new cases and 5.5 million deaths from stroke that occur globally. Based on Riskesdas data in 2018, the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reached 10.9 per mile. In DKI Jakarta Province, the prevalence of stroke based on doctor's diagnosis increased from 9.7 per mile (2013) to 12.2 per mile (2018). Based on IDF data in 2019, the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia reached 10.7 million cases and made Indonesia the country with the seventh most cases globally. In addition, according to the Health Social Security Administration (BPJS), the funds used for stroke services continued to increase, namely 1.43 trillion (2016), 2.18 trillion (2017) and 2.56 trillion (2018) and decreased to 2. 1 Trillion (2020). Although there is a decline in 2020, stroke is still ranked third as a provider of BPJS social security funds. Diabetes mellitus which is a risk factor for stroke has increased prevalence in DKI Jakarta Province from 2.5% (2013) to 3.4% (2018). Objective: To determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of stroke in the population aged 18 years. In DKI Jakarta Province in 2018. Methods: The study was conducted with quantitative methods and used an analytical cross-sectional study. The data source used in this study is secondary data from Riskesdas 2018. There are 1,537 samples analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, the prevalence of stroke was 1.6% and type 2 diabetes mellitus was 7.7%. There is a significant relationship between the variables of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of stroke. In addition, covariate variables such as age (POR=5.26; 95%CI: 2.28-12.12), occupation (POR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.12-6.19), hypertension ( POR=9.52; 95%CI: 2.83-32.06), and heart disease (POR=5.30; 95%CI: 1.75-16.04) were also significantly associated with the incidence of stroke. Based on the stratification analysis, it was found that the variables that became the interaction effect (modification) were education, hypertension, and heart disease. Meanwhile, the confounding variables were age, education, hypertension, and heart disease. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor to consider in the prevention and control of stroke in Indonesia.
