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Breast milk is the best nutrition to optimize baby growth and development and the baby's immune system. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is the key of exclusive breastfeeding?s success. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between EIBF and exclusive breastfeeding for infants 0-5 months in Indonesia according to the 2017 IDHS. This research was a cross-sectional study using the 2017 IDHS. The population of this study were all of fertile women 15- 49 years old in Indonesia, a sample of 1243 women on fertile age who have the children 0-5 months and still breastfeeding and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dependent variable in this study was exclusive breastfeeding, the main independent variable EIBF and the covariates were age, parity, education, employment status, economic status, area of residence, frequency of ANC visits, place of delivery, delivery method and birth attendant. The analysis for this research is univariate analysis, bivariate with chi square and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The results showed that the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding for infants 0-5 months in Indonesia (37,5%) and EIBF (39,5%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding after being controlled by covariate variables with (p=0.001 and OR=2.537) meaning that mothers who carried out early initiation of breastfeeding had a 2.537 chance of exclusive breastfeeding. In this study, there were no confounding variables between early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Various efforts need to be done to increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding with optimizing the IEC process related to EIBF and exclusive breastfeeding, facilitating mothers to carry out EIBF according to procedures, training in the implementation of EIBF for every health worker who assists childbirth and the existence of integrated policies in every health facility from the center to areas related to the implementation of EIBF according to the flowchart.
Exclusive breastfeeding is the most essential period for the early life of an infant. Various factors influence the mother’s initiation and behavior of breastfeeding. Including postpartum depression as maternal mental health issue. This study aims to analyze the relationship of postpartum depression with exclusively breastfeeding in infants (0-5 months) in Indonesia. Method : This research is quantitative using secondary data from the National Health Research (Riskesdas) with cross sectional research methods and were processed in 2020. The sample of this study was women aged 15-49 years with infants aged 0-5 months in Indonesia, totaling 2332 people. Result : Bivariate analysis with Chi Square test was found that the relationship of postpartum depression towards exclusive breastfeeding was not significant with p value 0.911 (OR 0.946, 95% CI : 0.355-2.522). While the multivariate test results obtained maternal age, work status, residence and early initiation breastfeeding status (p value <0.05) with each OR respectively 0.770 (95% CI 0.588-1.008), 0.766 (95% CI 0.602-0.976), 0.671 (95% CI 0.537-0.837), and 0.568 (95% CI 0.443-0.728) as the confounding variables. This study concludes that a need to evaluate the EIBF and exclusive breastfeeding program and maternal mental health problems screening during the postpartum period.
This thesis aims to determine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and antenatal care behavior which is a composite of the first antenatal visit, the frequency of antenatal checks and iron consumption. The method used is a cross-sectional design using the 2017 IDHS data. Analysis was performed with chi square and logistic regression models of risk factors. There is a relationship between unintended pregnancy and antenatal care behavior (p value = 0.0001). Mothers with unintended pregnancies have an opportunity to perform poor antenatal care behavior 2,338 times compared to intended pregnancies. The effect of unintended pregnancy on antenatal care behavior depends or varies according to the group of risky maternal age, parity and type of residence.
Indonesia is one of 17 countries that have experienied in a double burden of nutritional problems, one of which is stunting of 37.2%, In 2021, the rate of decline in the prevalence of stunting has improved, as can be seen from the 2021 SSGI data showing the prevalence of stunting from 2019 decreased by 3.9% followed by a decrease in 2021 decreased by 3.3% from 27.67% to 24.4% in 2021. Unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia tend to be stagnant and have not decreased. Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) showed an adverse event prevalence of 15%, then the Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) in 2018 showed an adverse event rate of 15%. Unwanted pregnancy is an enabling factor and has a role in causing stunting, starting from the time of pregnancy such as readiness to have children which influences the incidence of unwanted pregnancies and parenting patterns. This study aims to determine the relationship between unwanted pregnancies and the incidence of stunting in toddlers 12-24 months in Indonesia, using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 in quantitative methods. This research covered all provinces and districts/cities in Indonesia. This research uses data analysis with complex samples menu. The result of this research showed that there was no significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy and stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) in Indonesia in bivariate analysis using the chi-square test with a p-value of p 0,648 (OR: 1,054; 95%CI: 0,840 ? 1,324). In multivariate analysis using logistic regression test showed that unwanted pregnancy had a 1.287 greater risk of unwanted pregnancy becoming stunting than unwanted pregnancy (p 0,086, OR: 1,287; 95%CI: 0,965-1,716). There was a confounding in this research, namely the exclusive breastfeeding variable (aOR=1,192: 95%CI : 0,987-1,441: p value 0,069). Low Birth Weight (LBW), Socioeconomic Level and Gender are controlling factors that influence the incidence of stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) in Indonesia, the babies born with LBW will have a 2,508 times greater chance of being stunting in Baduta (12-24 months) compared to babies born normally (p 0,000, OR: 2,508; 95%CI: 1,632-3,855), the lower the socio economic level of the family, the risk is 2.151 times greater for stunting p 0,000, OR:2,151; 95%CI: 1,596-2,900), the male is more likely to experience stunting 1.309 times the risk than female (aOR: 1,309; 95% CI 1,090 1,573; pvalue = 0,004).
Unwanted Pregnancy is one of public health problem. Unwanted pregnancy at risky age hurts women who decide to continue the pregnancy or not. This study aims to analyze factors associated with unwanted pregnancy among risk-age women. This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design and used secondary data from IDHS 2017. The results of analysis using chi-square test indicate that unwanted pregnancy is related to residence (P value: 0.010, POR: 0.523, 95%CI: 0.324-0.842), parity (P value: <0,001, POR: 2.832, 95%CI: 1.740-4.611) and history of contraceptive use (P value: 0.014, POR: 0.497, 95%CI: 0.291-0.850).
