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Kata kunci: boarding, transfer, lean six sigma, Instalasi Gawat Darurat Every year,
Bed Occupancy Ratio (BOR) of Hermina Hospital Bekasi has increased, as well as the number of patients who admitted to the hospital through emergency room. This increase leads to the buildup of boarding patients at emergency departments that can not be transferred to the inpatient room. This study analyzes the boarding and transfer of patients from ED to inpatient room through lean six-sigma approach with time motion study from 30 patients. The lean approach shows the percentage of value added and non value added activities while six sigma provides an overview of the activity variations in the process. The results showed that the patient took 2 hours 31 minutes 48 seconds in the process of boarding and transfer with the percentage of value added activities 20.77% and non value added activities 79.23%. Based on 5whys analysis, the root cause of the problem is the unplanned discharge patient.
Keywords: boarding, transfer, lean six sigma, Emergency Department
This study uses the Narrative Review method concerning the analysis of theLean Thinking concept towards improving the waiting time for patient services in theOutpatient Hospital in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to describe theimplementation of the Lean Thinking concept in overcoming the waiting time for patientservices in the Hospital Outpatient Installation. In order to obtain test-worthyliterature, researchers used the PRISMA guidelines. The researcher obtained 12literatures using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results of the studyconclude that the Lean concept can prove that the outpatient service process ofhospitals in Indonesia is still not Lean. There are 7 literatures that show that Lean iseffective in reducing the waiting time of outpatient services at the hospital as evidencedby adopting Lean's main principles, namely Standardize work and Heijunka. In order toachieve the Lean condition, the Hospital must align the implementation of the 5 Leanprinciples (customer value, value stream, flow, pull, perfection) with organizationalculture, mindset, Lean method, cultivate the 5 S, by involving all parties in the hospitalto solve problems consistently and continuously.Keywords:Outpatient Waiting Time; Lean Hospital.
Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) rumah sakit merupakan unit krusial yang sering mengalami kepadatan pasien, yaitu kondisi ketika jumlah pasien yang datang per satuan waktu melebihi kapasitas sumber daya dan ruang yang tersedia. Kepadatan ini berdampak pada penurunan kualitas pelayanan, peningkatan risiko keselamatan pasien, serta peningkatan beban kerja tenaga kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau faktor-faktor penyebab kepadatan dan dampaknya terhadap sistem pelayanan di IGD rumah sakit berdasarkan literature review. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literature review yang menggunakan sumber dari database PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang tahun 2019–2024. Sebanyak 15 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan. Faktor penyebab kepadatan pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) rumah sakit diklasifikasikan dalam tiga kelompok: input (kasus non-darurat, jumlah pendamping yang berlebihan, dan usia lanjut), throughput (tingginya pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik, konsultasi dokter spesialis, kurangnya tempat tidur di IGD), dan output (bed block, keterlambatan transfer pasien). Dampak dari kepadatan pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) rumah sakit antara lain pelatihan residen menurun, stress dan kelelahan pada tenaga kesehatan, meningkatnya kekerasan terhadap staf di IGD, dan kecemasan pasien. Kepadatan pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) rumah sakit merupakan masalah kompleks yang perlu ditangani secara sistematis melalui perbaikan manajemen pelayanan, alokasi sumber daya, serta penguatan sistem rujukan dan layanan primer. Studi ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengambil kebijakan untuk merumuskan strategi penanggulangan kepadatan Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) di rumah sakit.
The hospital Emergency Department (ED) is a crucial unit that often experiences patient congestion, a condition when the number of patients arriving per unit of time exceeds the capacity of available resources and space. This congestion has an impact on decreasing the quality of service, increasing the risk of patient safety, and increasing the workload of health workers. This study aims to review the factors causing congestion and its impact on the service system in the hospital ED based on a literature review. This study is a literature review study using sources from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with a period of 2019–2024. A total of 15 articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Factors causing patient congestion in the hospital ED are classified into three groups: input (non-emergency cases, excessive number of companions, and elderly), throughput (high diagnostic support examinations, specialist doctor consultations, lack of beds in the ED), and output (bed block, delays in patient transfers). The impacts of patient density in the Emergency Department (ED) of hospitals include decreased resident training, stress and fatigue in health workers, increased violence against staff in the ED, and patient anxiety. Patient density in the Emergency Department (ED) of hospitals is a complex problem that needs to be addressed systematically through improving service management, resource allocation, and strengthening the referral system and primary services. This study can be a basis for policy makers to formulate strategies to overcome the density of the Emergency Department (ED) in hospitals
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu tunggu pelayanan obat racik dan paten di rumah sakit ini melebih standar waktu yang ditetapkan, ditemukan beberapa penghambat seperti ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, sarana prasarana dan fasilitas kerja yang merupakan hambatan terbesar dalam pelayanan ini. Disarankan kepada rumah sakit untuk dapat redisain layout farmasi, menghitung ulang pola ketenagaan serta pengaturan tugas sesuai dengan kompetensinya.
Kata Kunci : efisiensi, farmasi rawat jalan, obat racik dan paten
This study aims to improve the efficiency of service time of outpatient pharmacy installation in order to improve the quality of hospital services. The research method used is the method of combined research (mixed method) by conducting in-depth interviews and observation of drug service waiting time which then analyzed by using univariate analysis.
The result of the research shows that the waiting time for the service of racik and patent medication in this hospital exceeds the standard time set, found some obstacles such as availability of human resources, infrastructure and work facilities which is the biggest obstacle in this service. It is advisable to the hospital to be able to redesign the pharmacy layout, recalculate the pattern of the workforce as well as the arrangement of tasks in accordance with its competence.
Keywords: Efficiency, outpatient pharmacy, racik medicine and patent
Quality healthcare services are essential for achieving a healthy and prosperous society, with hospitals playing a central role in delivering effective and efficient medical care. According to Law No. 17 of 2023, hospitals are required to continually improve the quality of their services both internally and externally through various indicators. One of the key tools for evaluating quality improvement is the National Health Service Quality Indicators (INM), which assess the performance of healthcare facilities. While INM plays a critical role in enhancing service quality and cost-efficiency, the achievments of INM in Indonesian hospitals faces challenges, particularly related to compliance and uneven infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the achievements of the National Hospital Quality Indicators (INM) in Indonesian hospitals as of June 2024, based on ownership status, hospital class, service type, and regional location. The study uses a cross-sectional design with secondary data analysis sourced from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia’s database. The findings reveal significant differences between government and private hospitals in several indicators, with government hospitals generally performing better. Hospitals in class A and B achieved better quality outcomes compared to those in class C and D, although challenges remain in emergency cesarean section response times and outpatient wait times, particularly in lower-class hospitals. Furthermore, hospitals in the Java and Bali regions demonstrated better quality outcomes compared to those in Eastern Indonesia, with disparities in resources and infrastructure being key influencing factors.
The increasing number of BPJS patients affects the length of service time in the outpatient installation of BPJS at Hermina Bekasi Hospital. Issues affecting the length of outpatient service can be identified by knowing all business processes in the service process using the Lean Six Sigma method. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive design with stages of DMAIC Define, Measure, Analize, Improve, and Control. The results of this study suggest that during the service process, the average length of service process is 200 minutes with a percentage of valuable activities value added of 17 and NVA activity of 83. The largest waste is waiting in the transfer of each stage in the service. Causes of long waiting time include lack of availability of human resources, hospital information systems that have not been integrated, and facilities and infrastructure that have not been adequate. The research also proposed improvements in the form of integrated information system application for registration process, improvement of work environment using 5 S method, proposed SPO making for doctors, room layout changes in pharmacy depot, and installing schedule of drug taking hours. Keywords Waiting time outpatient services lean six sigma.
Management of Hazardous and Toxic Solid Waste in healthcare facilities is crucial as it significantly impacts service quality and environmental health. According to Indonesia’s 2022 environmental statistics, healthcare facilities contributed 726,817 tons of hazardous and toxic waste, but only 48,464 tons were managed. Universitas Indonesia Hospital (RSUI) has established quality indicators to assess the compliance of hazardous solid waste management with applicable regulations. However, the target for achieving these indicators was not met throughout 2024. This study employed in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. The information obtained was then analyzed using Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to identify the root causes of the issues. The quality indicators for hazardous and toxic solid waste management at RSUI comprise several criteria based on the management process: minimization, segregation and containment, collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous and toxic solid waste. The study revealed five root causes for the failure to meet the quality indicators for hazardous and toxic solid waste management at RSUI. First, socialization efforts are not conducted regularly but are only triggered by a decline in employee awareness regarding medical waste segregation. Second, the procurement of large trash bins is not prioritized. Third, the budget is limited for meeting the demand for cleaning service officers (CSOs). Fourth, the repair process for weighing scales by the facility unit takes a long time. Lastly, pharmacy warehouse management for incoming medication is not optimized.
