Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death globally, and its prevalence remains high in Indonesia. Central obesity has been identified as a significant risk factor for hypertension, including among high-risk groups such as Hajj pilgrims. This study aimed to analyze the association between central obesity and stage 1 hypertension in Hajj pilgrims from Banten Province in 2024. A cross-sectional design was conducted using Siskohatkes RI health examination data from Hajj pilgrims aged 20–70 years in Banten Province in 2024 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (N=4,650). A modified Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) derived from the Hazard Ratio (HR). The prevalence of stage 1 hypertension among Hajj pilgrims in Banten Province in 2024 was 34.37%. The proportion of stage 1 hypertension was higher among pilgrims with central obesity (38.11%) compared to those without central obesity. After controlling for Body Mass Index (BMI), central obesity was found to increase the risk of stage 1 hypertension by 1.12 times (95% CI: 1.00–1.27). Central Obesity increases the risk of stage one hypertension with age appearing earlier in younger females and later in pre-elderly males. Central obesity has a significant association with an increased risk of stage 1 hypertension among Hajj pilgrims from Banten Province in 2024. These findings show that the importance of early detection and intervention of central obesity in the prevention of hypertension, especially in high-risk populations.

Stroke menjadi salah satu faktor risiko kematian dan disabilitas kedua di dunia dengan 12.2 juta kasus baru secara global. Indonesia menempati peringkat pertama sebagai negara tertinggi yang mengalami stroke di di Asia dengan prevalensi mencapai 8.3% dari 1000 populasi. Faktor risiko terbesar untuk terjadinya stroke adalah hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus. Hipertensi memicu 6 kali lebih tinggi terjadi stroke sedangkan diabetes mellitus meningkatkan sebesar 1.6 kali hingga 8 kali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan efek gabungan diabetes mellitus dan hipertensi dengan kejadian penyakit stroke di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 menggunakan data IFLS-5. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan analisis menggunakan unconditional logistic regression. Berdasarkan hasil multivariat, didapatkan hasil bahwa pada usia < 55 tahun, responden yang menderita diabetes mellitus dan tidak hipertensi berisiko 2.52 kali lebih besar untuk terkena stroke, menderita hipertensi dan tidak diabetes mellitus berisiko 10.21 kali sedangkan yang menderita keduanya berisiko 49.36 kali. Pada usia > 55 tahun, besar risiko pada variabel yang sama adalah sebesar 1.47 kali,  5.97 kali dan 28.86 kali. Terdapat peningkatkan yang signifikan untuk terkena stroke pada responden yang menderita hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus pada setiap golongan umur dibandingkan pada responden yang hanya menderita hipertensi atau hanya menderita diabetes mellitus.

Stroke is the second leading risk factor for death and disability in the world with 12.2 million new cases globally. Indonesia ranks as the country with the highest stroke rate in Asia with a prevalence of 8.3% out of 1000 population. The biggest risk factors for stroke are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Hypertension triggers 6 times higher stroke occurrence while diabetes mellitus increases it by 1.6 times to 8 times. This study aims to determine the association of the combined effects of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the incidence of stroke in Indonesia in 2014 using IFLS-5 data. The research method used was cross-sectional with analysis using unconditional logistic regression. Based on multivariate results, it was found that at the age of < 55 years, respondents with diabetes mellitus and no hypertension had a 2.52 times greater risk of stroke, hypertension and no diabetes mellitus had a 10.21 times risk, while those with both had a 49.36 times risk. At age > 55 years, the risk for the same variables was 1.47 times, 5.97 times and 28.86 times. There was a significant increase in the risk of stroke among respondents with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus in every age group compared to those with only hypertension or only diabetes mellitus.

Penelitian terkait premature mortality yaitu kematian usia 30-70 tahun akibat PTM di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis tren premature mortality akibat 4NCD, meliputi kardiovaskular (CVD), kanker, diabetes, dan respirasi kronis (CRD) di DKI Jakarta tahun 2020-2024 menggunakan desain potong lintang berdasarkan data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta. Analisis univariat mengkaji tren premature mortality 4NCD berdasarkan distribusi umur, jenis kelamin, wilayah domisili, dan laporan fasilitas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan premature mortality 4NCD diakibatkan CVD (78%), diabetes (17%), kanker (14%), dan CRD (9%). Kematian CVD disebabkan blok penyakit jantung lain (47,4%) dan serebrovaskular (19,4%). Kanker ganas primer di lokasi spesifik (88,7%), DM tipe 2 (77%). Kematian CRD didominasi blok penyakit lain pada sistem pernapasan (34%) dan penyakit pernapasan bawah kronis (27,8%). Premature mortality tertinggi terjadi di usia dewasa paruh baya (49%), lansia muda (46%), dan dewasa muda (5%). Kematian laki-laki (58%) lebih tinggi daripada perempuan (42%). Domisili angka kematian tertinggi terjadi di Jakarta Timur (30%), Jakarta Selatan (19%), Jakarta Utara (17%), dengan sumber laporan tertinggi puskesmas (56%). Kasus kematian tidak spesifik menggambarkan tantangan proses surveilans yang akurat. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan vitalitas kualitas data sebagai penunjang intervensi dan kebijakan yang efektif dan tepat sasaran dalam mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas PTM.

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Research related to premature mortality, deaths aged 30-70 years due to NCDs in Indonesia, is still limited. This study aims to analyze the trend of premature mortality due to 4NCD, including CVD, cancer, diabetes, and CRD in DKI Jakarta in 2020-2024 using a cross-sectional design based on secondary data from DKI Jakarta Health Department. Univariate analysis examined 4NCD premature mortality trends based on age distribution, gender, domicile area, and health facility reports. The results showed 4NCD premature mortality was caused by CVD (78%), diabetes (17%), cancer (14%), and CRD (9%). CVD mortality due to other heart disease (47.4%) and cerebrovascular (19.4%). Site-specific primary malignant cancer (88.7%), type 2 DM (77%). CRD mortality by other respiratory system disease block (34%) and chronic lower respiratory disease (27.8%). Premature mortality was highest in middle-aged adults (49%), young elderly (46%), young adults (5%). Male mortality (58%) was higher than female mortality (42%). Domicile of death was highest in East Jakarta (30%), South Jakarta (19%), North Jakarta (17%), the highest source of report being puskesmas (56%). Unspecified death cases illustrate the challenges of accurate surveillance processes. This study emphasizes the vitality of data quality to support effective and targeted interventions and policies in reducing morbidity.

Stroke merupakan penyebab disabilitas dan kematian akibat penyakit tidak menular yang tinggi secara global. Prevalensi stroke di Indonesia meningkat dari 7% menjadi 10,9% pada 2018. Obesitas sentral memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan kardiovaskular termasuk stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan obesitas sentral dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Kriteria inklusi yaitu responden yang didiagnosis stroke oleh dokter selama satu tahun terakhir, dilakukan pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan, dan lingkar perut lengkap serta melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dalam pengukuran data SKI 2023. Sedangkan kriteria eksklusi yaitu responden hamil saat pengambilan data SKI 2023. Sebanyak 528.957 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan seluruhnya diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji logistic regression untuk mendapatkan asosiasi Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menemukan proporsi stroke pada penduduk usia ≥ 15 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 0.17%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara obesitas sentral dengan stroke POR 1.622 (95% CI 1.424 – 1.846). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa obesitas sentral berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian stroke dengan nilai POR 2.166 (95% CI 1.685 – 2.785) setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin dan hipertensi dan berinteraksi dengan hipertensi. Diperlukan upaya penurunan obesitas sentral khususnya pada laki-laki yang menderita hipertensi dengan menerapkan pola makan sehat dan rutin melakukan aktivitas fisik untuk mencegah terjadinya penumpukan lemak sebagai awal meningkatnya kejadian stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death from non-communicable diseases globally. Stroke prevalence in Indonesia increased from 7% to 10.9% in 2018. Central obesity has a close association with cardiovascular including stroke. This study aims to analyze the association of central obesity with stroke incidence in the population aged ≥15 years in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design and used data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The inclusion criteria were respondents diagnosed with stroke by a doctor during the past year, measuring height, weight, and complete abdominal circumference and measuring blood pressure in the 2023 SKI data measurement. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were pregnant respondents when collecting SKI 2023 data. A total of 528,957 respondents met the inclusion criteria and all were taken as research samples. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test to obtain Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) association with 95% confidence interval. This study found the proportion of stroke in the population aged ≥ 15 years in Indonesia was 0.17%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was an association between central obesity and stroke POR 1.622 (95% CI 1.424 - 1.846). Multivariate analysis showed that central obesity was statistically significantly associated with the incidence of stroke with a POR value of 2.166 (95% CI 1.685 - 2.785) after being controlled by gender and hypertension and interacting with hypertension. Efforts are needed to reduce central obesity, especially in men who suffer from hypertension by implementing a healthy diet and routine physical activity to prevent the accumulation of fat as the beginning of an increase in the incidence of stroke.

Peningkatan prevalensi diabetes melitus melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) yang disertai dengan peningkatan angka kematian akibat komplikasi menjadi tantangan besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Kondisi DMT2 tidak terkendali meningkatkan risiko komplikasi pada penderita DMT2. Penelitian terdahulu di Indonesia menunjukkan proporsi DMT2 tidak terkendali sebesar 67%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko DMT2 tidak terkendali di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 553 orang. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi DMT2 tidak terkendali sebesar 77,8%. Kurang aktivitas fisik (PR 1,24; 95% CI 1,00-1,53), konsumsi makanan tinggi gula (PR 1,44; 95% CI 1,10-1,89), dan konsumsi makanan tinggi lemak (PR 1,49; 95% CI 1,10-2,00) berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko DMT2 tidak terkendali. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa DMT2 tidak terkendali merupakan masalah yang perlu ditangani lebih lanjut. Modifikasi gaya hidup seperti meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan diet rendah gula serta lemak perlu dilakukan dalam upaya menurunkan angka DMT2 tidak terkendali.

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by an increase in the number of deaths due to complications has become a major challenge for public health in various countries including Indonesia in recent decades. Uncontrolled T2DM increases the risk of complications in people with T2DM. Previous research in Indonesia has shown that the proportion of uncontrolled T2DM is 67%. This study aims to determine the risk factors for uncontrolled T2DM in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 553 people. The study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The results of this study showed that the proportion of uncontrolled T2DM was 77.8%. Lack of physical activity (PR 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.53), consumption of high-sugar foods (PR 1.44; 95% CI 1.10-1.89), and consumption of high-fat foods (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.10-2.00) were associated with increasing uncontrolled T2DM. This study shows that uncontrolled T2DM is a problem that needs to be addressed further. Lifestyle modifications such as increasing physical activity and a low-sugar and low-fat diet need to be done in an effort to reduce the number of uncontrolled DMT2.

Pemberian Terapi Pencegahan Tuberkulosis (TPT) mempunyai peran penting dalam upaya Eliminasi TBC 2030. Kelengkapan TPT di Indonesia, termasuk di Jakarta, masih menghadapi tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat memprediksi kelengkapan TPT di Jakarta berdasarkan data programatik tahun 2020-2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif bersumber data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) dengan analisis survival faktor usia, jenis kelamin, durasi paduan TPT, tipe fasilitas kesehatan, wilayah domisili pasien, jenis riwayat kontak, status pemeriksaan rontgen dada, dan Tuberkulin Skin Test (TST). Dari 9.780 pasien yang dianalisis, 94% menyelesaikan TPT hingga lengkap. Median survival kelengkapan TPT di Jakarta adalah 79 hari. Pada periode pengobatan 72 sampai 182 hari, didapatkan faktor prediktor kelengkapan TPT yaitu durasi paduan terapi 3 bulan (adjHR 8,65 - 12,36; 95% CI: 8,01 – 13,4), pasien TPT puskesmas (adjHR 1,32 -1,35; 95% CI: 1,21 – 1,47), pasien berdomisili internal Jakarta (adjHR 1,11; 95% CI: 1,01 – 1.23), pasien usia lebih tua 6 - 19 tahun (adjHR 1,09 - 1,11; 95% CI: 1,02 - 1,19), usia >19 tahun (adjHR 1,10 - 1,12; 95% CI: 1,04 - 1,20).Temuan ini dapat dijadikan dasar pertimbangan intervensi seperti adopsi luas paduan terapi 3 bulan, optimalisasi peran puskesmas dalam pelayanan TPT, serta peningkatan sistem monitoring pasien berdasarkan profil usia dan wilayah guna meningkatkan efektivitas program TPT di Jakarta dan sebagai bahan referensi bagi peneliti selanjutnya. 

Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) plays a vital role in supporting Indonesia’s goal of TB elimination by 2030. However, TPT completion in Indonesia, including in Jakarta, remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify factors predicting TPT completion in Jakarta using programmatic data from 2020 to 2024. A retrospective cohort design was applied using data from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB), analyzed through survival analysis on variables including age, sex, TPT regimen duration, type of health facility, patient domicile, type of contact history, chest X-ray status, and Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). Among 9,780 patients analyzed, 94% completed TPT. The median survival time to TPT completion was 79 days. Within the treatment period of 72 to 182 days, significant predictors of TPT completion included a 3-month regimen (adjHR 8.65–12.36; 95% CI: 8.01–13.4), receiving TPT in Puskesmas (adjHR 1.32–1.35; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), residing within Jakarta (adjHR 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.23), age group 6–19 years (adjHR 1.09–1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19), and age >19 years (adjHR 1.10–1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.20). These findings may inform targeted interventions such as broader adoption of the 3-month regimen, strengthening the role of primary care in TPT delivery, and enhancing patient monitoring systems based on age and geographical profiles to improve TPT effectiveness. The results also serve as a reference for future research.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DM Tipe 2) merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat di Indonesia. Meskipun lebih sering ditemukan pada usia lanjut, kejadian DM Tipe 2 juga semakin banyak dijumpai pada usia produktif. Perbedaan karakteristik faktor risiko antar kelompok usia perlu dikaji untuk mendukung upaya pencegahan yang lebih tepat sasaran. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi diabates melitus pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun dan menggambarkan faktor risiko Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2 pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun dan >40 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk yang terdiagnosis DM Tipe 2. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk menggambarkan distribusi variabel, sedangkan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). Hasil: Prevalensi DM Tipe 2 pada penduduk usia ≤40 tahun adalah sebesar 5,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara jenis kelamin, obesitas, hipertensi, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan manis dengan kategori umur penderita DM Tipe 2. Sementara itu, konsumsi minuman manis, konsumsi buah dan sayur, serta konsumsi minuman beralkohol tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: Kejadian DM Tipe 2 menunjukkan perbedaan karakteristik faktor risiko antara kelompok usia. Upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DM Tipe 2 perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik kelompok usia

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease with a steadily increasing prevalence in Indonesia. Although it is more commonly found among older adults, T2DM is increasingly detected in the productive-age population. Differences in risk factor characteristics across age groups need to be examined to support more targeted prevention efforts. Objective: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of diabetes melitus among people aged ≤40 years and describe the risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among the Indonesian population aged ≤40 years and >40 years. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The study population consisted of individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Univariate analysis was used to describe variable distributions, while bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR). Results: The prevalence of T2DM among individuals aged ≤40 years is 5.7%. Statistically significant associations were found between age category and sex, obesity, hypertension, physical activity, and excessive consumption of sugary foods. In contrast, sugary beverage consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated. Conclusion: The occurrence of T2DM shows differences in risk factor characteristics between age groups. Therefore, prevention and control strategies for T2DM should be tailored to specific age group characteristics.