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Hanna Audila; Pembimbing: Helda; Penguji: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Ratna Djuwita, Sugiharti
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Latar belakang: Masalah gizi stunting masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia khususnya, pada bayi di bawah dua tahun (baduta) masih tergolong tinggi yakni 18.50%. Angka laju penurunan stunting pada baduta cenderung lamban dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Diperlukannya optimalisasi intervensi stunting terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) salah satunya, melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care).
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia setelah di kontrol oleh variable lainnya pada ibu yakni; faktor sosiodemografi, kesehatan kehamilan dan kesehatan anak.
Metode: Studi ini berdesain cross-sectional, dimana faktor paparan dan outcome diukur pada satu waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Mengikutsertakan sebanyak 18.898 anak berusia 6-23 bulan yang ibunya sedang tidak hamil dan memiliki data pemeriksaan kehamilan lengkap pada instrumen SKI tahun 2023. Analisis hubungan menggunakan cog regression sedangkan, pada pengontrolan hubungan variable menggunakan metode time-dependent dan backward-elimination.
Hasil: Anak berusia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia yang ibunya tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan berkualitas berisiko 1.23 kali (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value = 0,000) mengalami stunting setelah di kontrol oleh variabel kovariat lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Melakukan ANC minimal 4 kali dan menerima pelayanan ANC yang berkualitas dapat menurunkan resiko stunting pada baduta di Indoensia.
Background: Child stunting is still be a major public health issue in Indonesia, expecially in toddlers (child aged 6-23 months). The prevalence of stunting among toddlers remains relatively high, 18.50%. The annual average rate of reduction (AARR) of stunting has been steadily slow over the last past 10 years. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the stunting interventions, predominantly during the first 1000 days of life, one of the ways is through the antenatal care. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-23 monts in Indonesia, after being controlled by the other variable, such are; sociodemographic factors, pregnANCy health and child health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which both of the exposures and the outcome are being measured at the same point of time. The data used are from the Indonesi Health Survey in 2023. There are 18.898 children aged 6-23 months were included, whose mothers were not pregnant and had a fulfilled of antenatal care data, in the SKI 2023 instrument. The association analysis was conducted by cog regression while the time-dependent methods and backward elimination were conducted to to control those variables. Findings: Child aged 6-23 monthss old in Indonesia, whose mothers did not receive four visit of antenatal care have a 1.23 times higher risk (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value 0.000) of experiencing stunting, after controlling for the other covariate variables. Conclusions: Receiving at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits, and accessing quality ANC services can reduce the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months- old in Indonesia.
B-2530
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Khadijah Qurrata Ayun; Pembimbing: Asri C. Adisasmita; Penguji: Nurhayati Adnan, Antony Azarsyah
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Gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut memiliki angka yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia menjadi faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular sehingga dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan penduduk usia produktif yang tinggi sehingga gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas perlu untuk ditangani. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proporsi dan determinan yang mempengaruhi kejadian gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada masyarakat usia produktif di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil SKI 2023. Penelitian ini berdesain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Sebanyak 486.994 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil analisis multivariat model prediksi dengan regresi cox menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin laki-laki, pendidikan rendah, sering konsumsi makanan manis, sering konsumsi minuman manis, merokok, konsumsi minuman beralkohol, dan frekuensi sikat gigi <2x/hari merupakan prediktor gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Modifikasi gaya hidup dan menerapkan perilaku kebersihan gigi sejak dini dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah tingkat keparahan. Perlunya peran pemerintah dalam memperkuat regulasi dengan koordinasi lintas sektor untuk menurunkan angka gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dimulai pada tahap promotif dan preventif.
Dental and oral health disorders have a fairly high rate in Indonesia, becoming a risk factor for non-communicable diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with an abundant productive age population, so dental and oral health disorders that can affect productivity need to be addressed. This study aims to determine the proportion and determinants that influence the incidence of dental and oral health disorders in productive age people in Indonesia based on the results of the 2023 SKI. This study was a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2018 Indonesian Health Survey. A total of 486,994 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the multivariate analysis of the prediction model with cox regression showed that age, male gender, low education, frequent consumption of sweet foods, frequent consumption of sweet drinks, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and frequency of toothbrushing
Dental and oral health disorders have a fairly high rate in Indonesia, becoming a risk factor for non-communicable diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with an abundant productive age population, so dental and oral health disorders that can affect productivity need to be addressed. This study aims to determine the proportion and determinants that influence the incidence of dental and oral health disorders in productive age people in Indonesia based on the results of the 2023 SKI. This study was a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2018 Indonesian Health Survey. A total of 486,994 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the multivariate analysis of the prediction model with cox regression showed that age, male gender, low education, frequent consumption of sweet foods, frequent consumption of sweet drinks, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and frequency of toothbrushing
T-7427
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sekar Astrika Fardani; Pembimbing: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono; Penguji: Renti Mahkota, Yovsyah, Eksi Wijayanti
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Penyakit infeksi merupakan ancaman yang signifikan dan menyebabkan kematian pada anak-anak dalam jumlah besar. Penyakit infeksi berkontribusi terhadap 47,6% penyebab kematian pada balita tahun 2019 di dunia dan lebih dari 22% penyebab kematian pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2021. Riwayat imunisasi dasar dan stunting memiliki peranan penting terhadap risiko terjadinya penyakit infeksi pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan riwayat imunisasi dasar dan stunting dengan risiko penyakit infeksi pada anak usia 12 – 23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SSGI-2022. Terdapat 53.585 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi-eksklusi penelitian dan dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji cox regression constant time dengan ukuran asosiasi prevalence ratio (PR) dan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi anak usia 12 – 23 bulan yang menderita penyakit infeksi sebesar 12,67%, proporsi riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap sebesar 71,63% dan proporsi stunting sebesar 21,28%. Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan riwayat imunisasi dasar berhubungan signifikan dengan penyakit infeksi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel interaksi riwayat imunisasi dasar dan ASI eksklusif. Anak usia 12 – 23 bulan dengan riwayat imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap dan tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko 1,34 kali lebih besar untuk menderita penyakit infeksi dibandingkan anak usia 12 – 23 bulan dengan riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap dan mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (adjusted PR 1,34; 95% CI 1,24 – 1,43). Anak usia 12 – 23 bulan yang memiliki riwayat imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap tetapi mendapatkan ASI eksklusif berisiko 1,47 kali lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakit infeksi dibandingkan anak yang memiliki riwayat imunisasi dasar lengkap dan mendapatkan ASI eksklusif (adjusted PR 1,47; 95% CI 1,37 – 1,58). Sedangkan untuk variabel stunting didapatkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stunting dan penyakit infeksi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel wasting (adjusted PR 1,05; 95% CI 0,99 – 1,11). Diperlukan upaya untuk melengkapi riwayat imunisasi anak serta pemenuhan asupan gizi dan pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak secara optimal.
Infectious diseases are a significant threat and the leading cause of death in many children. Infectious diseases contributed for 47.6% of the causes of under-five deaths in 2019 globally and more than 22% of the causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia in 2021. History of basic immunization and stunting play an important role in the risk of infectious diseases in children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of basic immunization and stunting with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers aged 12 – 23 months in Indonesia. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design using SSGI-2022 data. There were 53,585 respondents who met the research inclusion-exclusion criteria used as samples. Data analysis was performed using cox regression constant time to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval. The results of this study show that the proportion of infectious diseases among toddlers aged 12 - 23 months is 12.67%, the proportion of complete basic immunization history is 71.63% and the proportion of stunting is 21.28%. Multivariate analysis was found that history of basic immunization had significantly association with infectious diseases after being controlled by the interaction variable history of basic immunization and exclusive breastfeeding. Toddlers aged 12 – 23 months with incomplete basic immunization and were not receive exclusive breastfeding have 1.34 times higher risk of suffering from infectious diseases compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization and receive exclusive breasfeeding (adjusted PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.24 – 1.43). Toddlers aged 12 – 23 months with incomplete basic immunization but were exclusively breastfed have 1.47 times higher risk of suffering from infectious diseases compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization and receive exclusive breasfeeding (adjusted PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.37 – 1.58). Meanwhile, for stunting variable, it was found that there was no significant asscociation between stunting and infectious diseases after being controlled for the wasting variable (adjusted PR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 – 1.11). Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization history as well as fulfill the child's nutritional intake and monitor the child's growth and development optimally.
T-6930
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Rizki Nurmaliani; Pembimbing: Trisari Anggondowati; Penguji: Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani, Ratna Djuwita, Julina
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Stunting merupakan permasalahan malnutrisi yang paling banyak terjadi pada anak berusia di bawah lima tahun. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting adalah berat badan lahir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan lahir dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 87.754 anak. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Cox Regression Constant Time dengan ukuran asosiasi prevalence ratio (PR) dan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2022 adalah sebesar 20,92% dan prevalensi bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2022 adalah sebesar 5,71%. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa anak yang memiliki riwayat Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan anak yang tidak memiliki riwayat BBLR setelah dikontrol variabel panjang badan lahir dengan besar risiko bergantung pada kelompok usia anak. Pada anak usia 6-11 bulan, riwayat BBLR meningkatkan risiko stunting sebesar 2,10 (APR=2,10, 95% CI 1,89-2,33) setelah dikontrol variabel panjang badan lahir, sedangkan pada anak usia 12-23 bulan, riwayat BBLR meningkatkan risiko stunting sebesar 1,38 (APR=1,38, 95% CI 1,29-1,48) setelah dikontrol variabel panjang badan lahir. Diperlukan upaya pencegahan terjadinya BBLR serta tata laksana dan pemantauan pertumbuhan yang optimal sedini mungkin bagi bayi dengan berat lahir rendah agar risiko stunting dapat diminimalkan.
Stunting is the most common form of malnutrition among children under five years of age. One of the factors associated with stunting is birth weight. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between birth weight and stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) with a sample size of 87,754 children. Data were analyzed using Cox regression with constant time, using prevalence ratio (PR) as the measure of association, along with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia in 2022 was 20.92%, while the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in the same age group was 5.71%. Multivariate analysis indicated that children with a history of LBW had a higher risk of stunting compared to those without such a history, after adjusting for birth length. Moreover, the magnitude of risk varied by age group. Among children aged 6–11 months, LBW increased the risk of stunting by 2.10 times (APR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.89–2.33), whereas in those aged 12–23 months, the risk increased by 1.38 times (APR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.29–1.48). Preventive measures to reduce the incidence of LBW, along with optimal management and early monitoring of growth in LBW infants, are essential to minimize the risk of stunting.
T-7329
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Miftakhuddiniyah; Pembimbing: Syahrizal Syarif; Penguji: Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Anies Irawati, Sudiharto
T-3999
Depok : FKM UI, 2013
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Eka Desi Purwanti; Pembimbing: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; Penguji: Ratna Djuwita, Soewarta Kosen, Woro Riyadina
Abstrak:
Stunting merupakan bentuk malnutrisi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan menyebabkan berbagai dampak buruk bagi kesehatan anak. Selain disebabkan karena kurangnya asupan gizi secara kronis, stunting juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit infeksi berulang. Upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi seperti imunisasi akan turut berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan anak khususnya di negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data sekunder SSGI Tahun 2021. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini adalah balita berusia 12-59 bulan saat pengumpulan data, diukur tinggi badannya, tidak sedang mengalami sakit berat/kronis, dan memiliki data variabel yang lengkap. Sebanyak 70.267 balita memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan seluruhnya diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji cox regression untuk mendapatkan besar asosiasi prevalence ratio (PR) dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting balita usia 12-59 bulan di Indonesia adalah 23,1% dan proporsi balita yang mempunyai status imunisasi dasar lengkap adalah 74,92%. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa status imunisasi dasar berhubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian stunting. Balita dengan status imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap berisiko 1,19 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan balita dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap [adjusted PR 1,19 (95% CI 1,15 – 1,23)]. Balita yang tidak imunisasi sama sekali mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi lagi yaitu 1,27 kali untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan balita dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap [adjusted PR 1,27 (95% CI 1,15 – 1,39)], setelah mengontrol variabel pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi dan berat lahir anak. Diperlukan upaya untuk melengkapi status imunisasi anak sesuai jadwal dan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, pemenuhan gizi balita dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang anak.
Stunting is a malnutrition that is still a public health problem in Indonesia and causes various adverse effects on children's health. Besides caused by a chronic lack of nutrition, stunting can also be caused by recurrent of infectious diseases. Efforts to prevent infectious diseases, such as immunization, will play a role in increasing child growth, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between basic immunization status and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from SSGI 2021. The inclusion criteria for this study were that toddlers were aged 12–59 months at the time of data collection, their height was measured, were not experiencing severe or chronic illness, and had complete variable data. A total of 70,267 toddlers met the inclusion criteria, and all were taken as research samples. Data analysis was performed using the Cox regression to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% of confidence interval. This study shows that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia is 23.1%, and the proportion of children under five who have complete basic immunization status is 74.92%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that basic immunization status had a statistically significant association with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers with incomplete basic immunization status are at risk 1.19 times higher for stunting compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.19 (95% CI 1.15–1.23)]. Toddlers who are not immunized at all have an even higher risk of experiencing stunting, which is 1.27 times higher compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.27 (95% CI 1.15–1.39)], after controlling for variables such as the mother's education, economic status, and the child's birth weight. Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization status on time according to schedule and increase the mother's knowledge regarding the use of health services, the fulfillment of toddler nutrition, and the stimulation of child growth and development.
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Stunting is a malnutrition that is still a public health problem in Indonesia and causes various adverse effects on children's health. Besides caused by a chronic lack of nutrition, stunting can also be caused by recurrent of infectious diseases. Efforts to prevent infectious diseases, such as immunization, will play a role in increasing child growth, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between basic immunization status and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from SSGI 2021. The inclusion criteria for this study were that toddlers were aged 12–59 months at the time of data collection, their height was measured, were not experiencing severe or chronic illness, and had complete variable data. A total of 70,267 toddlers met the inclusion criteria, and all were taken as research samples. Data analysis was performed using the Cox regression to obtain a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% of confidence interval. This study shows that the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia is 23.1%, and the proportion of children under five who have complete basic immunization status is 74.92%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that basic immunization status had a statistically significant association with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers with incomplete basic immunization status are at risk 1.19 times higher for stunting compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.19 (95% CI 1.15–1.23)]. Toddlers who are not immunized at all have an even higher risk of experiencing stunting, which is 1.27 times higher compared to toddlers with complete basic immunization status [adjusted PR 1.27 (95% CI 1.15–1.39)], after controlling for variables such as the mother's education, economic status, and the child's birth weight. Efforts are needed to complete the child's immunization status on time according to schedule and increase the mother's knowledge regarding the use of health services, the fulfillment of toddler nutrition, and the stimulation of child growth and development.
T-6625
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Yosephine Emilia Regina; Pembimbing: Putri Bungsu; Penguji: Trisari Anggondowati, Gertrudis Tandy
Abstrak:
Latar belakang: Pneumonia adalah salah satu penyebab terbesar kematian balita di Indonesia dengan angka kematian 2.200 balita tiap harinya. Imunisasi Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) merupakan upaya pencegahan paling efektif terhadap pneumonia pada anak. Sejak diperkenalkan pada 2017 di Lombok dan 2019 di Bangka Belitung, imunisasi PCV telah diperluas secara bertahap ke beberapa provinsi dan resmi dimasukkan ke program imunisasi rutin nasional pada September 2022. Akan tetapi, hingga akhir 2023, cakupan imunisasi PCV lengkap pada anak di Indonesia baru mencapai 62,7%, jauh di bawah target nasional (100%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor pendukung, pendorong, dan pemungkin dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi PCV pada anak usia 12-23 bulan di Indonesia. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan total sampling diperoleh 9.675 anak usia 12–23 bulan yang menjadi responden SKI 2023. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil: Cakupan imunisasi PCV lengkap nasional pada anak usia 12-23 bulan adalah 32,1%. Faktor yang signifikan berasosiasi dengan kelengkapan imunisasi PCV meliputi memiliki akses ke fasilitas kesehatan yang mudah (OR = 7,71; 95% CI = 5,54-10,73), berstatus imunisasi dasar lengkap (OR = 5,87; 95% CI = 5,29-6,51), tinggal di Kep. Sunda Kecil (OR = 2,69; 95% CI = 2,03-3,56), lahir ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan (OR = 2,62; 95% CI = 1,23-5,58), memiliki catatan imunisasi (OR = 2,18; 95% CI = 1,92-2,47), dan dilahirkan di fasilitas kesehatan (OR = 2,13; 95% CI: 1,76–2,60). Kesimpulan: Besarnya nilai odds pada anak yang memiliki akses ke fasilitas kesehatan yang mudah menyiratkan bahwa pemerintah masing-masing daerah perlu mengurangi kesenjangan akses ke layanan kesehatan seperti menambah infrastruktur kesehatan di daerah dengan akses sulit dan menyediakan subsidi transportasi atau layanan imunisasi keliling bagi masyarakat dari daerah yang sulit dijangkau.
Background: Pneumonia is one of the biggest causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia with 2,200 under-five deaths per day. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization is the most effective preventive measure against childhood pneumonia. Since its introduction in 2017 in Lombok and 2019 in Bangka Belitung, PCV immunization has been gradually expanded to several provinces and was officially included in the national routine immunization program in September 2022. However, by the end of 2023, complete PCV immunization coverage among children in Indonesia will only reach 62.7%, far below the national target (100%). This study aimed to analyze the association between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with PCV immunization completeness among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling obtained 9,675 children aged 12-23 months who were respondents of SKI 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression. Results: The national complete PCV immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months was 32.1%. Factors significantly associated with PCV immunization completeness are having easy access to health facilities (OR = 7.71; 95% CI = 5.54-10.73), having complete basic immunization status (OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 5.29-6.51), living in Lesser Sunda Island (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.03-3.56), was born assisted by a health worker (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.23-5.58), had an immunization record (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.92-2.47), and was born in a health facility (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.76-2.60). Conclusion: The large odds ratio for children with easy access to health facilities implies that each local government needs to reduce disparities in access to health services such as adding health infrastructure in areas with difficult access and providing transportation subsidies or mobile immunization services for people from hard-to-reach areas.
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Background: Pneumonia is one of the biggest causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia with 2,200 under-five deaths per day. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization is the most effective preventive measure against childhood pneumonia. Since its introduction in 2017 in Lombok and 2019 in Bangka Belitung, PCV immunization has been gradually expanded to several provinces and was officially included in the national routine immunization program in September 2022. However, by the end of 2023, complete PCV immunization coverage among children in Indonesia will only reach 62.7%, far below the national target (100%). This study aimed to analyze the association between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with PCV immunization completeness among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling obtained 9,675 children aged 12-23 months who were respondents of SKI 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression. Results: The national complete PCV immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months was 32.1%. Factors significantly associated with PCV immunization completeness are having easy access to health facilities (OR = 7.71; 95% CI = 5.54-10.73), having complete basic immunization status (OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 5.29-6.51), living in Lesser Sunda Island (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.03-3.56), was born assisted by a health worker (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.23-5.58), had an immunization record (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.92-2.47), and was born in a health facility (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.76-2.60). Conclusion: The large odds ratio for children with easy access to health facilities implies that each local government needs to reduce disparities in access to health services such as adding health infrastructure in areas with difficult access and providing transportation subsidies or mobile immunization services for people from hard-to-reach areas.
S-11824
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Novita Pratama; Pembimbing: Kirisnawati Bantas; Penguji: Putri Bungsu, Edy Harianto
Abstrak:
Pneumonia merupakan masalah kesehatan utama balita, penyebab kematian keduatertinggi di Indonesia diantara balita setelah diare. Tingkat kematian balita akibatpneumonia lebih tinggi di perdesaan dibanding perkotaan. Prevalensi pneumoniadan persentase period prevalence pneumonia di daerah perdesaan lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan daerah perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktorrisiko terjadinya kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah perdesaan IndonesiaTahun 2012. Desain studi cross sectional dengan menggunakan data SDKI 2012.Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah karakteristik anak yang meliputiusia, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI ekslusif, pemberian vitaminA, status imunisasi campak, status imunisasi DPT; karakterisk sosial dan ekonomiyang meliputi pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi; dan karakteristik lingkungan yangmeliputi keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dan bahan bakar memasak. Sedangkanvariabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah pneumonia balita. Hasil penelitianini didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara usia (PR=1,42-1,80), jeniskelamin (PR=1,2), berat badan lahir (PR=1,3), pemberian ASI ekslusif (PR=1,85),status ekonomi (PR=1,59-1,60) dan bahan bakar memasak (PR=1,43).Kata Kunci :Balita, pneumonia, perdesaan.
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S-9530
Depok : FKM-UI, 2017
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Atikah Salsabila; Pembimbing: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; Penguji: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Soewarta Kosen, Meilina Farikha
Abstrak:
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Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, dengan insidens yang meningkat. Merokok diketahui menjadi faktor risiko signifikan dalam perkembangan TB Paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status merokok dengan kejadian TB Paru pada laki-laki usia > 18 tahun di Indonesia menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan analisis multivariat untuk mengontrol variabel kovariat seperti usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, status gizi, tempat tinggal, dan diabetes mellitus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara status merokok dan TB paru, individu yang merokok memiliki hubungan protektif terhadap TB dibandingkan yang tidak merokok dengan POR sebesar 0,68 (95% CI: 0,58–0,75). Konsumsi rokok 1–11 batang per hari memiliki POR sebesar 0,92 (95% CI: 0,76–1,12), sedangkan konsumsi lebih dari 11 batang per hari memiliki POR sebesar 0,70 (95% CI: 0,53–0,93). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki yang merokok selama 1–25 tahun memiliki POR sebesar 0,49 (95% CI: 0,39–0,61) dengan p-value = 0,000. Pada perokok dengan durasi lebih dari 25 tahun, hubungan tidak signifikan secara statistik (p-value = 0,593) dengan POR sebesar 1,07 (95% CI: 0,82–1,40), yang menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna dalam peluang kejadian TB Paru dibandingkan yang tidak merokok. Analisis menunjukkan hubungan tidak biasa antara merokok dan TB paru, berbeda dari literatur yang umumnya melaporkan peningkatan risiko pada perokok. Hasil ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti populasi, kualitas data, dan bias informasi, sehingga perlu kehati-hatian dalam interpretasi. Merokok tetap diketahui meningkatkan risiko dan memperburuk progresi TB.
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in Indonesia, with an increasing incidence rate. Smoking is recognized as a significant risk factor in the development of pulmonary TB. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between smoking status and the incidence of pulmonary TB among males aged >18 years in Indonesia, using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The study employed a cross-sectional design with multivariate analysis to control for covariates such as age, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, nutritional status, residence, and diabetes mellitus. The findings revealed a significant association between smoking status and pulmonary TB. Smokers exhibited a protective relationship against TB compared to non-smokers, with an Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58–0.75). Smoking 1–11 cigarettes per day had a POR of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.76–1.12), while smoking more than 11 cigarettes per day showed a POR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53–0.93). The study also found that males who had smoked for 1–25 years had a POR of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39–0.61) with a p-value of 0.000. However, for smokers with a duration of more than 25 years, the association was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.593), with a POR of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.82–1.40), indicating no meaningful difference in the likelihood of developing pulmonary TB compared to non-smokers.The analysis revealed an unusual relationship between smoking and pulmonary TB, differing from existing literature, which generally reports an increased risk among smokers. These findings may be influenced by factors such as the study population, data quality, and information bias, warranting caution in interpretation. Despite this, smoking remains a known factor that increases the risk and worsens the progression of TB.
T-7169
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Khairunnisa Cahya Pertiwi; Pembimbing: Dwi Gayatri; Penguji: Trisari Anggondowati, Sandeep Nanwani
Abstrak:
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Komplikasi persalinan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian ibu di Indonesia dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Usia ibu diketahui sebagai faktor risiko, namun faktor-faktor risiko spesifik pada tiap kelompok usia memerlukan analisis tersendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor risiko kejadian komplikasi persalinan berdasarkan kelompok usia ibu di Indonesia. Data berasal dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang. Sampel terdiri dari 70.681 ibu yang pernah bersalin pada periode 1 Januari 2018 hingga pengumpulan data SKI. Analisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji asosiasi Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan perbedaan proporsi komplikasi persalinan di Indonesia pada usia muda (15,1%), ideal (16,9%), dan tua (19,2%), dan perbedaan faktor yang berasosasi dengan kejadian komplikasi persalinan pada setiap kelompok usia. Jenis komplikasi persalinan paling dominan pada usia muda dan ideal adalah partus lama dan ketuban pecah dini, sedangkan sungsang pada usia tua. Faktor-faktor yang secara konsisten berasosiasi dengan kejadian komplikasi persalinan di ketiga kelompok usia ibu adalah tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, paritas, perencanaan kehamilan, riwayat komplikasi kehamilan, penolong persalinan, tempat persalinan, dan sumber pembiayaan persalinan. Faktor yang spesifik pada kelompok usia ideal dan tua, yaitu tingkat pendidikan pasangan, jarak kelahiran, dan riwayat kunjungan ANC. Faktor yang hanya berasosiasi signifikan pada kelompok usia tertentu. Faktor dukungan suami atau keluarga hanya berpengaruh pada kelompok usia ideal, sementara status pekerjaan ibu hanya berpengaruh pada kelompok usia tua. Diperlukan tindakan deteksi dini dan manajemen risiko yang terdiferensiasi sesuai kelompok usia. Peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan ibu perlu diiringi dengan intervensi yang menyasar faktor risiko spesifik, baik klinis (partus lama pada usia muda, hipertensi pada usia tua) maupun sosiodemografi.
Labor complications are a primary cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia and are influenced by various factors. Maternal age is a known risk factor, yet the specific factors for each age group require distinct analysis to inform targeted interventions. This study aims to determine the overview and risk factors for labor complications based on maternal age groups in Indonesia. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 70,681 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test. The study found differences in the proportion of childbirth complications in Indonesia across young (15.1%), ideal (16.9%), and older (19.2%) age groups, as well as differences in factors associated with complications in each age group. The most dominant types of childbirth complications in young and ideal age groups were prolonged labor and premature rupture of membranes, while breech presentation was more common in older age groups. Factors consistently associated with childbirth complications across all three maternal age groups were education level, area of residence, parity, pregnancy planning, history of pregnancy complications, birth attendant, place of delivery, and source of delivery financing. Factors specific to the ideal and older age groups were partner's education level, birth spacing, and history of Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. Factors that were only significantly associated with specific age groups included husband or family support, which only affected the ideal age group, and maternal employment status, which only affected the older age group. Early detection and differentiated risk management tailored to each age group are necessary. targeting specific risk factors, both clinical (e.g., prolonged labor in young age, hypertension in older age) and sociodemographic.
Labor complications are a primary cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia and are influenced by various factors. Maternal age is a known risk factor, yet the specific factors for each age group require distinct analysis to inform targeted interventions. This study aims to determine the overview and risk factors for labor complications based on maternal age groups in Indonesia. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 70,681 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test. The study found differences in the proportion of childbirth complications in Indonesia across young (15.1%), ideal (16.9%), and older (19.2%) age groups, as well as differences in factors associated with complications in each age group. The most dominant types of childbirth complications in young and ideal age groups were prolonged labor and premature rupture of membranes, while breech presentation was more common in older age groups. Factors consistently associated with childbirth complications across all three maternal age groups were education level, area of residence, parity, pregnancy planning, history of pregnancy complications, birth attendant, place of delivery, and source of delivery financing. Factors specific to the ideal and older age groups were partner's education level, birth spacing, and history of Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. Factors that were only significantly associated with specific age groups included husband or family support, which only affected the ideal age group, and maternal employment status, which only affected the older age group. Early detection and differentiated risk management tailored to each age group are necessary. targeting specific risk factors, both clinical (e.g., prolonged labor in young age, hypertension in older age) and sociodemographic.
S-12143
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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