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Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, prevalensi pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia sebesar 15%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12–59 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan data sekunder dari SKI 2023. Sampel berjumlah 33.132 balita usia 12–59 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia adalah umur balita 24–59 bulan (OR=0,72; 95%CI: 0,57–0,90), jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=1,36; 95%CI: 1,09–1,69), riwayat BBLR (OR=1,70; 95%CI: 1,15–2,53), status imunisasi DPT-HB-Hib lengkap (OR=1,79; 95%CI: 1,00–3,21), dan riwayat penyakit sebelumnya (OR=10,28; 95%CI: 8,27–12,77). Pada karakteristik ibu, pendidikan tinggi berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia (OR=1,41; 95%CI: 1,10–1,81). Faktor lingkungan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan, sedangkan balita dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi atas memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena pneumonia (OR=1,50; 95%CI: 1,05–2,13). Kesimpulan: Pencegahan pneumonia perlu difokuskan pada kelompok risiko seperti balita laki-laki, usia 24–59 bulan, riwayat BBLR, riwayat penyakit sebelumnya, dan peningkatan edukasi pada ibu serta keluarga dengan status ekonomi tinggi.
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, Faktor Risiko, SKI 2023
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among children under five in Indonesia. Based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of pneumonia among children under five was 15%. This study aims to identify the factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia. This research employs a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 SKI. The sample consisted of 33,132 children aged 12–59 months. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that factors associated with pneumonia include being aged 24–59 months (OR=0.72; 95%CI: 0.57–0.90), male gender (OR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.09–1.69), a history of low birth weight (OR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.15–2.53), incomplete DPT-HB-Hib immunization (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.00–3.21), and a history of previous illnesses (OR=10.28; 95%CI: 8.27–12.77). Among maternal characteristics, a higher education level was associated with pneumonia incidence (OR=1.41; 95%CI: 1.10–1.81). Environmental factors were not significantly associated, while children from families with higher socioeconomic status had a greater risk of pneumonia (OR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.05–2.13). In conclusion, pneumonia prevention efforts should focus on high-risk groups, including male children, those aged 24–59 months, those with a history of low birth weight or previous illnesses, and families with higher maternal education and higher socioeconomic status. Keywords: Pneumonia, Under-Five Children, Risk Factors, SKI 2023
This study aims to determine the factors associated with early detection behavior of cervical cancer using the IVA method in women of childbearing age in Kebon Melati Village in 2025. This research method uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. Primary data in this study were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 100 women of childbearing age. The behavior of early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method is the dependent variable. While, the independent variables include education, knowledge, attitude, exposure to information, and husband's support. The questionnaire was filled out directly by the researcher according to the respondents' answers and the results were analyzed using the Chi-square test with the SPSS 22 application. The results of the analysis showed that 16 respondents (16%) had carried out early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method. Statistically, there is a significant relationship between knowledge, exposure to information, and husband's support with the behavior of early detection of cervical cancer using the IVA method in women of childbearing age in Kebon Melati sub-district in 2025. The results of this study suggest that the Community Health Centers increase health promotion activities through counseling or distribution of pamphlets regarding cervical cancer and early detection of IVA, as well as conducting early detection of cervical cancer in places that are easily accessible to women of childbearing age.
Background. Bogor regency is one of the regions in West Java with the highest reported TB burden in 2022, totaling 15,433 cases with a prevalence of 413 per 100,000 population. Indicating that TB prevalence reduction efforts in West Java remain suboptimal. Methods. This study employed Spearman correlation test and spatial overlay analysis on secondary data from 2022, covering 40 sub-districts in Bogor Regency. The analyzed variables included the proportion of healthcare workers, ratio of health facilities, BCG immunization coverage, proportion of poor population, low education levels, PHBS, malnourished children, population density, hygienic management of water and food, household waste management, and indoor air quality. Conclusion. The variable significantly associated with TB cases was the proportion of poor population (R = 0.492; P = 0.001) The spatial overlay analysis revealed that TB distribution tended to be higher in areas with a combination of high social and environmental vulnerability, such as Jonggol, Sukaraja, and Parung.
Tuberkulosis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia, Negara Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua kasus TB terbanyak di dunia. Provinsi Jawa Barat menempati peringkat satu kasus TB terbanyak di Indonesia dan Kota Depok menempati peringkat 10 besar kasus TB di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pemerintah Kota Depok telah membentuk inovasi Kampung Peduli Tuberkulosis (KAPITU) sebagai wadah komunikasi antara masyarakat, lintas program dan lintas sektor dalam melakukan penanggulangan tuberkulosis melalui kegiatan penemuan, pendampingan pengobatan, dan sosialisasi tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana implementasi kebijakan Kampung Peduli Tuberkulosis yang sudah dijalankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek input (sumber daya manusia, anggaran, fasilitas, kebijakan), aspek proses (komunikasi, disposisi, struktur birokrasi), serta aspek output (hasil implementasi KAPITU) sudah berjalan baik di Kelurahan Mampang dan Suka Maju Baru. Implementasi KAPITU sempat tidak berjalan pada Kelurahan Sawangan Baru dan Sawangan Lama karena adanya pergantian petugas dan petugas yang pindah kerja. Pada Kelurahan Cilodong dan Pasir Putih masih kurangnya sumber daya manusia, tidak tersedianya anggaran, belum optimalnya komunikasi dan disposisi sehingga menyebabkan implementasi KAPITU belum berjalan optimal. Selanjutnya faktor lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik juga mempengaruhi implementasi KAPITU. Kesimpulan implementasi KAPITU yang berjalan dengan baik berbanding lurus dengan capaian indikator program TB yang juga baik. Kelurahan yang menunjukkan implementasi program KAPITU yang baik, seperti Mampang dan Suka Maju Baru, memiliki capaian yang lebih baik, Selanjutnya Kelurahan Sawangan Baru dan Sawangan Lama juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan capaian program setelah satgas KAPITU mulai berjalan kembali. Kelurahan yang belum mengimplementasikan KAPITU dengan baik, seperti Cilodong dan Pasir Putih, juga menunjukkan capaian program TB yang belum baik.
Tuberculosis is still a health problem in the world, Indonesia ranks second in the world for the most TB cases. West Java Province ranks first in the number of TB cases in Indonesia and Depok City ranks in the top 10 for TB cases in West Java Province. The Depok City Government has formed the Kampung Peduli Tuberkulosis (KAPITU) innovation as a means of communication between the community, across programs and across sectors in preventing and controlling tuberculosis through discovery activities, treatment assistance, and tuberculosis socialization. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the Kampung Peduli Tuberkulosis policy has been carried out. This study uses qualitative methods and data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews and document reviews. The results of the study indicate that the input aspects (human resources, budget, facilities, policies), process aspects (communication, disposition, bureaucratic structure), and output aspects (results of KAPITU implementation) have been running well in Mampang and Suka Maju Baru Sub-districts. The implementation of KAPITU was not running in Sawangan Baru and Sawangan Lama Sub-districts due to changes in officers and officers who moved jobs. In Cilodong and Pasir Putih Sub-districts, there was still a lack of human resources, unavailability of budget, suboptimal communication and disposition, which caused the implementation of KAPITU to not run optimally. Furthermore, social, economic, and political environmental factors also influenced the implementation of KAPITU. The conclusion is that the implementation of KAPITU that is running well is directly proportional to the achievement of TB program indicators which are also good. Sub-districts that show good implementation of the KAPITU program, such as Mampang and Suka Maju Baru, have better achievements. Furthermore, Sawangan Baru and Sawangan Lama Sub-districts also show an increase in program achievements after the KAPITU task force started operating again. Sub-districts that have not implemented KAPITU properly, such as Cilodong and Pasir Putih, also show poor achievement of TB program indicators.