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Ahmadan Ulul Azmi; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Fatma Lestari, Wanadri Agung Sasana
Abstrak:
Pembangunan smelter aluminium merupakan proyek industri berisiko tinggi yang melibatkan interaksi kompleks antara manusia, organisasi, teknologi, lingkungan kerja, serta bahaya keselamatan proses. Pada tahap awal proyek, dokumen feasibility study berperan penting sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan investasi dan perencanaan implementasi. Namun, substansi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam feasibility study sering kali masih bersifat umum dan belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan aspek sistem kerja secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi aspek makroergonomi dalam dokumen feasibility study proyek pembangunan smelter aluminium PT XYZ. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif evaluatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui telaah dokumen feasibility study, dokumen acuan terkait studi kelayakan, K3, process safety, makroergonomi, dan industri non-ferrous, serta wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan informan ahli. Analisis dilakukan melalui coding deduktif-induktif, analisis tematik, dan sintesis gap berdasarkan empat aspek makroergonomi, yaitu organisasi dan manajemen kerja, sumber daya manusia dan kompetensi, sistem kerja dan teknologi, serta lingkungan kerja, K3, dan risiko smelter. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber, triangulasi metode, serta prinsip trustworthiness yang mencakup credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, dan reflexivity. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dokumen feasibility study telah memuat beberapa aspek teknis, organisasi, sumber daya manusia, dan K3, tetapi integrasinya belum sepenuhnya sistemik. Beberapa aspek masih cenderung dibahas secara parsial, terutama terkait kesiapan kompetensi operasi, integrasi human-machine interface, manajemen kelelahan, kesiapan organisasi operasi, contractor management, process safety management, serta pengendalian risiko khas smelter aluminium. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar dokumen feasibility study proyek smelter aluminium memperkuat integrasi aspek makroergonomi sejak tahap perencanaan melalui penguatan indikator SDM, organisasi kerja, teknologi, lingkungan kerja, K3, dan process safety. Dengan demikian, feasibility study tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai dokumen kelayakan teknis-ekonomi, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen awal untuk membangun sistem kerja yang aman, sehat, andal, dan berkelanjutan.
The development of an aluminium smelter is a high-risk industrial project involving complex interactions among humans, organization, technology, work environment, and process safety hazards. At the early stage of a project, the feasibility study document plays a crucial role as the basis for investment decision-making and implementation planning. However, occupational safety and health aspects in feasibility studies are often presented in a general manner and are not fully integrated into the overall work system design. This study aims to analyze the integration of macroergonomic aspects in the feasibility study document of the aluminium smelter construction project at PT XYZ. This research employed an evaluative qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through document review of the feasibility study, relevant references on feasibility studies, occupational safety and health, process safety, macroergonomics, and the non-ferrous metal industry, as well as semi-structured interviews with expert informants. The data were analyzed using deductive-inductive coding, thematic analysis, and gap synthesis based on four macroergonomic aspects: organization and work management, human resources and competence, work systems and technology, and work environment, occupational safety and health, and smelter-related risks. Data trustworthiness was maintained through source triangulation, method triangulation, and the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and reflexivity. The findings indicate that the feasibility study document has addressed several technical, organizational, human resource, and occupational safety and health aspects; however, their integration remains insufficiently systemic. Several aspects are still discussed partially, particularly operational competence readiness, human-machine interface integration, fatigue management, operational organization readiness, contractor management, process safety management, and the control of specific risks associated with aluminium smelters. This study recommends strengthening the integration of macroergonomic aspects in aluminium smelter feasibility studies from the planning stage by incorporating human resource, work organization, technology, work environment, occupational safety and health, and process safety indicators. Therefore, the feasibility study should not only function as a technical-economic feasibility document, but also as an initial instrument for developing a safe, healthy, reliable, and sustainable work system.
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The development of an aluminium smelter is a high-risk industrial project involving complex interactions among humans, organization, technology, work environment, and process safety hazards. At the early stage of a project, the feasibility study document plays a crucial role as the basis for investment decision-making and implementation planning. However, occupational safety and health aspects in feasibility studies are often presented in a general manner and are not fully integrated into the overall work system design. This study aims to analyze the integration of macroergonomic aspects in the feasibility study document of the aluminium smelter construction project at PT XYZ. This research employed an evaluative qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through document review of the feasibility study, relevant references on feasibility studies, occupational safety and health, process safety, macroergonomics, and the non-ferrous metal industry, as well as semi-structured interviews with expert informants. The data were analyzed using deductive-inductive coding, thematic analysis, and gap synthesis based on four macroergonomic aspects: organization and work management, human resources and competence, work systems and technology, and work environment, occupational safety and health, and smelter-related risks. Data trustworthiness was maintained through source triangulation, method triangulation, and the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and reflexivity. The findings indicate that the feasibility study document has addressed several technical, organizational, human resource, and occupational safety and health aspects; however, their integration remains insufficiently systemic. Several aspects are still discussed partially, particularly operational competence readiness, human-machine interface integration, fatigue management, operational organization readiness, contractor management, process safety management, and the control of specific risks associated with aluminium smelters. This study recommends strengthening the integration of macroergonomic aspects in aluminium smelter feasibility studies from the planning stage by incorporating human resource, work organization, technology, work environment, occupational safety and health, and process safety indicators. Therefore, the feasibility study should not only function as a technical-economic feasibility document, but also as an initial instrument for developing a safe, healthy, reliable, and sustainable work system.
T-7686
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Ni Kadek Lilis Erismawati; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Mufti Wirawan, Bimo Prasetyo, Valyaty Frisa Aryadi
Abstrak:
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Industri konstruksi merupakan sektor dengan tingkat risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi sehingga
penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) menjadi aspek penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan
kerja yang aman. Iklim keselamatan (safety climate) berperan dalam membentuk perilaku kerja aman dan
dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik individu pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan
karakteristik individu dengan persepsi iklim keselamatan pada pekerja proyek konstruksi di PT XYZ.
Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif pada 155 pekerja
menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik
individu dan NOSACQ-50, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berada pada usia produktif 20–44 tahun,
berpendidikan SMA/sederajat, bekerja sebagai pekerja lapangan, dan memiliki masa kerja kurang dari lima
tahun. Persepsi iklim keselamatan secara umum berada pada kategori baik. Variabel jenis kelamin dan
posisi jabatan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap persepsi iklim keselamatan, sedangkan usia,
tingkat pendidikan, dan masa kerja tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Posisi jabatan merupakan
faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi persepsi iklim keselamatan pekerja. Hasil penelitian ini
diharapkan menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan strategi peningkatan K3 yang lebih efektif untuk
memperkuat budaya keselamatan kerja pada proyek konstruksi.
The construction industry is a sector with a high risk of occupational accidents; therefore, the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is an essential aspect of creating a safe working environment. Safety climate plays an important role in shaping safe work behavior and is influenced by workers’ individual characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and safety climate perceptions among construction project workers at PT XYZ. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 155 workers using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using an individual characteristics questionnaire and NOSACQ 50 and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The results showed that the majority of respondents were male, within the productive age group of 20–44 years, had a senior high school education or equivalent, worked as field workers, and had less than five years of work experience. Overall, safety climate perception was categorized as good. Gender and job position showed significant relationships with safety climate perception, whereas age, educational level, and work experience showed no significant relationships. Job position was identified as the most dominant factor influencing workers’ safety climate perceptions. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a basis for developing more effective OHS improvement strategies to strengthen safety culture in construction projects.
T-7607
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Anggi Nasution; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Mufti Wirawan, Hanafi Basuni, Muthia Ashifa
Abstrak:
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Pekerja menghadapi risiko tekanan panas (heat stress) dari faktor lingkungan fisik, faktor pekerjaan, pakaian kerja dan karakteristi individu yang berpotensi memicu gangguan kesehatan hingga kematian. Riset terdahulu membuktikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara beban kerja, durasi tugas, dan karakteristik individu dengan keluhan regangan panas (heat strain). Berdasarkan dari hal tersebut penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis korelasi pajanan panas dari peralatan dapur PT XYZ terhadap gangguan kesehatan subjektif pekerja penjamah makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pajanan tekanan panas (heat stress) terhadap gangguan kesehatan subjektif pada pekerja penjamah makanan di area dapur PT XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan responden sebanyak 24 pekerja dan pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi pengukuran ISBB, kelembapan, kecepatan perpindahan udara, indeks massa tubuh serta melakukan penyebaran keusioner untuk mengetahui tingkat gangguan kesehatan subjektif pada pekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai ISBB pada area main kitchen dan bakery melebihi NAB permenaker no 05/2018 pada waktu siang hari. Karakterisitik pekerja di PT.XYZ dengan seluruhnya berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan usia antara 17 – 53 tahun, sebagian pekerja mengalami kelebihan berat badan dan tidak semua pekerja mengalami aklimatisasi dan status hidrasi secara baik. Pola kerja kontinu antara 60% - 75%. Sebagian besar pekerja mengalami pajanan tekanan panas dan seluruh pekerja mengalami gangguan subjektif terhadap kesehatan mereka dengan didominasi gangguan kesehatan tingkat ringan sebanyak 13 pekerja dan tingkat sedang 11 pekerja. Kesimpulanya Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tekanan panas dengan gangguan kesehatan subjektif pekerja. Pekerja yang terpajan tekanan panas memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan secara subjektif sebesar 4,6 kali lebih besar dibandingkan pekerja yang tidak terpajan tekanan panas. Sedangkan antara karakteristik individu tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan subjektif pada pekerja penjamah makanan di PT. XYZ. Saran bagi perusahaan yakni menerapkan rekayasa teknik, rotasi kerja, dan penyediaan elektrolit untuk mencegah dehidrasi pekerja. Bagi pemerintah perlu meningkatkan pengawasan K3 khsusnya pada ruang lingkup penerapan permenaker no 05/2018 pada industri jasa boga.
Workers face the risk of heat stress from environmental, occupational, clothing, and individual characteristics that can potentially trigger health disorders and even mortality. Prior research has demonstrated a significant relationship between physical workload, work duration, and individual characteristics with heat strain complaints. Based on this, this study was conducted to analyze the correlation between heat exposure from kitchen equipment at PT XYZ and the subjective health complaints of food handlers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between heat stress exposure and subjective health complaints among food handlers in the kitchen area of PT XYZ. This study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 24 worker respondents. Measurements conducted included WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature), humidity, and air velocity, alongside body mass index assessment and questionnaire distribution to determine the level of subjective health complaints among workers. The results indicated that the WBGT values in the main kitchen and bakery areas exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) stipulated by Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 05/2018 during the daytime. The characteristics of the workers at PT XYZ showed that all were male, aged between 17 and 53 years, with some workers being overweight, and not all workers had achieved good acclimatization and hydration status. Continuous work patterns ranged between 60% and 75%. Most workers experienced heat stress exposure, and all workers reported subjective health complaints regarding their health, which were dominated by mild health complaints among 13 workers and moderate complaints among 11 workers. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between heat stress and workers' subjective health complaints. Workers exposed to heat stress possess a 4.6 times higher risk of experiencing subjective health complaints compared to those unexposed to heat stress. Meanwhile, individual characteristics showed no significant relationship with the occurrence of subjective health complaints among food handlers at PT XYZ. Recommendations for the company include implementing engineering controls, work rotation, and providing electrolyte drinks to prevent worker dehydration. For the government, it is necessary to enhance occupational health and safety (OHS) supervision, particularly within the scope of enforcing Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 05/2018 in the catering industry.
T-7601
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Irna Anggun Fatiqa; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Hendra, Bimo Prasetyo; Aryo Wibowo
Abstrak:
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Industri konstruksi di Indonesia menyerap tenaga kerja sebanyak 8,7 juta orang pada tahun 2023, dimana konstruksi dikenal sebagai pekerjaan berisiko tinggi dan merupakan penyumbang kecelakaan terbesar kedua di Asia. Iklim keselamatan merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam mencegah kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini fokus menganalisis iklim keselamatan manajemen dan iklim keselamatan pekerja di sebuah proyek konstruksi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed methode dimana total partisipan berjumlah 235 responden dan 26 informan kunci. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) dan wawancara mendalam. Analisa intersection antara data kuantitatif dan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakkonsistenan pada tiap kategori iklim keselamatan. Pada iklim keselamatan manajemen, meskipun skor tertinggi diperoleh dimensi pemberdayaan keselamatan manajemen, namun dari hasil kualitatif diperoleh bahwa dimensi ini memiliki persepsi kurang paling tinggi. Pada iklim keselamatan pekerja, analisa intersection menunjukkan bahwa dimensi prioritas keselamatan pekerja dan dimensi kepercayaan terhadap keefektifan sistem keselamatan kerja memiliki persepsi kurang paling rendah. Perlu dilakukannya strategi peningkatan melalui evaluasi dan pengembangan sistem manajemen serta komunikasi keselamatan.
The construction industry in Indonesia absorbs a workforce of 8.7 million people in 2023, where construction is known as a high-risk job and is the second largest contributor to accidents in Asia. Safety climate is one of the key factors in preventing work accidents. This research focuses on analyzing the management safety climate and worker safety climate in a construction project. The research design used was a mixed method where the total participants were 235 respondents and 26 key informants. Data was collected using the Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and in-depth interviews. Intersection analysis between quantitative and qualitative data shows that there are inconsistencies in each safety climate category. In the management safety climate, although the highest score was obtained for the management safety empowerment dimension, from the qualitative results it was found that this dimension had the highest lack of perception. In the worker safety climate, the intersection analysis shows that the worker safety priority dimension and the dimension of trust in the effectiveness of the work safety system have the lowest perception. It is necessary to carry out improvement strategies through evaluation and development of safety management and communication systems.
T-7059
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Eka Fatimah; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: Stevan Deby Anbiya Muhamad Sunarno, Lusi Ismayenti, Elsye As Safira
Abstrak:
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Pemanasan global telah meningkatkan jumlah pekerja yang terpajan tekanan panas di lingkungan kerja, sehingga meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan akibat panas serta menurunkan produktivitas dan kinerja. Perubahan iklim juga meningkatkan kejadian suhu ekstrem di lingkungan kerja, sehingga pajanan panas menjadi isu penting dalam kesehatan kerja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi mengenai hubungan tekanan panas dan karakteristik individu dengan respons fisiologis pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hubungan tekanan panas dan karakteristik individu dengan respons fisiologis pekerja yang terpajan tekanan panas. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 30 pekerja fabrikasi di PT XYZ. Pengukuran suhu inti tubuh, denyut nadi, dan tekanan darah dilakukan sebelum bekerja (pre-test) dan setelah 3–4 jam bekerja (post-test). Karakteristik individu yang dinilai meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status hidrasi, kondisi kesehatan, status aklimatisasi, dan konsumsi alkohol. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test, uji Pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antarvariabel, sedangkan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan respons fisiologis berdasarkan karakteristik individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) lingkungan kerja berada pada rentang 29,55–31,30°C dengan kelembapan udara 41,47–55,90%. Berdasarkan Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB), seluruh responden dikategorikan mengalami tekanan panas. Sebagian besar responden berusia lebih dari 30 tahun, memiliki IMT berlebih, dan mengalami dehidrasi. Terdapat perubahan signifikan pada respons fisiologis setelah pajanan tekanan panas, yaitu peningkatan suhu inti tubuh hingga 0,6°C, peningkatan denyut nadi hingga 12%, dan peningkatan tekanan darah sekitar 3%. Namun, hubungan antara tekanan panas dan respons fisiologis tidak dapat dianalisis karena seluruh responden terpajan tekanan panas. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara karakteristik individu dan respons fisiologis. Kesimpulannya, pajanan tekanan panas di lingkungan kerja menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis pada pekerja, terutama peningkatan denyut nadi dan tekanan darah. Namun, pengaruh karakteristik individu terhadap respons fisiologis belum dapat dipastikan karena keterbatasan variasi data.
Global warming has increased the number of workers exposed to occupational heat stress, thereby increasing the risk of heat-related health disorders and reducing productivity and work performance. Climate change has also increased the occurrence of extreme temperatures in the workplace, making heat exposure an important issue in occupational health. Therefore, an evaluation of the relationship between heat stress, individual characteristics, and workers' physiological responses is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heat stress and individual characteristics with the physiological responses of workers exposed to heat stress. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 30 fabrication workers at PT XYZ. Core body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before work (pre-test) and after 3–4 hours of work (post-test). Individual characteristics assessed included age, body mass index (BMI), hydration status, health condition, acclimatization status, and alcohol consumption. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differences between pre-test and post-test values, Pearson's test was used to analyze relationships between variables, while the Mann-Whitney and KruskalWallis tests were used to analyze differences in physiological responses based on individual characteristics. The results showed that the workplace Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) ranged from 29.55°C to 31.30°C, with relative humidity ranging from 41.47% to 55.90%. Based on the Threshold Limit Value (TLV), all respondents were categorized as being exposed to heat stress. Most respondents were over 30 years old, had excess BMI, and were dehydrated. Significant changes in physiological responses were observed after heat exposure, including an increase in core body temperature of up to 0.6°C, an increase in heart rate of up to 12%, and an increase in blood pressure of approximately 3%. However, the relationship between heat stress and physiological responses could not be analyzed because all respondents were exposed to heat stress. In addition, no significant association was found between individual characteristics and physiological responses. In conclusion, occupational heat stress causes physiological changes in workers, particularly increases in heart rate and blood pressure. However, the influence of individual characteristics on physiological responses could not be determined due to limited data variability.
T-7678
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Sabrina Putri Fatonah; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Laksita Ri Hastiti, Erik Riya Firmanto
Abstrak:
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Distres kerja merupakan kondisi ketegangan psikologis yang timbul akibat ketidaksesuaian antara tuntutan pekerjaan dengan kemampuan dan sumber daya yang dimiliki pekerja, yang apabila berlangsung kronis dapat berdampak pada kesehatan, kinerja, dan kesejahteraan psikologis. Meskipun isu distres kerja telah lama menjadi perhatian dalam kesehatan kerja, sektor perkantoran relatif kurang mendapat sorotan dibandingkan sektor dengan risiko fisik tinggi, padahal beban administratif, target kinerja, dan koordinasi lintas fungsi yang intensif berpotensi meningkatkan risiko psikososial pada pekerja kantor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan distres kerja pada pekerja kantor PT XYZ tahun 2026, meliputi faktor work arena (beban kerja, ketidakjelasan peran, konflik peran, ketidakamanan kerja, kontrol pekerjaan), home arena (home-work interface, status pernikahan), social arena (hubungan interpersonal, dukungan sosial), dan individual arena (usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja). Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kuesioner terhadap 119 pekerja kantor PT XYZ. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square, serta regresi logistik sederhana untuk variabel dengan lebih dari dua kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 68 responden (57,1%) mengalami distres kerja kategori tinggi. Hasil uji statistik menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara distres kerja dengan beban kerja tinggi (p=0,003; OR=3,16), ketidakjelasan peran tinggi (p=0,012; OR=2,67), konflik peran tinggi (p<0,001; OR=3,91), hubungan interpersonal buruk (p=0,000; OR=6,076), jenis kelamin perempuan (p=0,048; OR=2,12), dan masa kerja menengah (p=0,020; OR=4,80), sedangkan ketidakamanan kerja, kontrol pekerjaan, home-work interface, status pernikahan, dukungan sosial, dan usia tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lebih dari separuh pekerja kantor PT XYZ mengalami distres kerja tinggi, dengan konflik peran dan hubungan interpersonal sebagai faktor yang berhubungan paling kuat. Perusahaan disarankan melakukan asesmen distres kerja secara berkala, evaluasi dan redistribusi beban kerja, penyusunan deskripsi tugas yang jelas, serta penguatan budaya kerja yang suportif untuk menurunkan risiko distres kerja pada pekerja kantor.
Work distress is a condition of psychological strain arising from an imbalance between job demands and the resources or capacities available to workers, which, if chronic, can negatively affect health, performance, and psychological well-being. Although work distress has long been a concern in occupational health, the office sector has received relatively less attention compared to sectors with high physical risk, even though administrative workload, performance targets, and intensive cross-functional coordination may increase psychosocial risk among office workers. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with work distress among office workers at PT XYZ in 2026, covering the work arena (workload, role ambiguity, role conflict, job insecurity, job control), home arena (home–work interface, marital status), social arena (interpersonal relationships, social support), and individual arena (age, gender, length of employment). This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach through questionnaires administered to 119 office workers at PT XYZ. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test, along with simple logistic regression for variables with more than two categories. The statistical analysis found significant associations between work-related distress and high workload (p = 0.003; OR = 3.16), high role ambiguity (p = 0.012; OR = 2.67), high role conflict (p < 0.001; OR = 3.91), poor interpersonal relationships (p < 0.001; OR = 6.076), female gender (p = 0.048; OR = 2.12), and medium job tenure (p = 0.020; OR = 4.80). In contrast, job insecurity, job control, home–work interface, marital status, social support, and age were not significantly associated with work-related distress (p > 0.05). This study concludes that more than half of office workers at PT XYZ experience high levels of work distress, with role conflict and interpersonal relationships being the most strongly associated factors. The company is advised to conduct periodic work distress assessments, evaluate and redistribute workload, establish clear job descriptions, and strengthen a supportive work culture to reduce the risk of work distress among office workers.
S-12374
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Andi Nani Siti Mardiyanti; Pembimbing: Hendra; Penguji: Dadan Erwandi, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Iting Shofwati, Dimas J Zahid A
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Terdapat 3 faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas, 90% disebabkan oleh faktor manusia terkait perilakunya saat berkendara. Perilaku mengemudi berisiko mencakup pelanggaran (violations), kesalahan (errors), dan kelalaian (lapses). Pengemudi angkutan barang dipenuhi dengan berbagai bahaya yang berisiko, seperti kompleksitas armada, tingginya intensitas pengiriman barang, jarak tempuh panjang, serta kondisi jalan yang bervariasi. Kombinasi dari faktor-faktor tersebut dapat memengaruhi munculnya perilaku mengemudi berisiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku mengemudi berisiko dari faktor motivation, ability, role perception, situational factor pada pengemudi angkutan barang PT XYZ Cabang Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan responden kuesioner sebanyak 50 pengemudi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner standar Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) dan kuesioner yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square. Penelitian ini melibatkan pengemudi dengan mayoritas usia produktif 30 – 39 tahun (94,6%), memiliki pendidikan SMP (44,0%), dan 88,0% sudah menikah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku mengemudi berisiko seimbang antara tinggi dan rendah (50,0%). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tersebut dapat diketahui dari faktor motivasi; sistem reward & punishment (p=0,005), faktor ability; pengalaman mengemudi (p=0,024), situational factor; jenis muatan (p=0,046).
There are three main factors contributing to road traffic accidents, with approximately 90% being caused by human factors related to driving behavior. Risky driving behavior includes violations, errors, and lapses. Truck drivers are exposed to various occupational hazards, such as fleet complexity, high delivery demands, long driving distances, and varying road conditions. The combination of these factors may influence the occurrence of risky driving behavior. This study aimed to determine the determinants of risky driving behavior based on motivation, ability, role perception, and situational factors among freight transport drivers at PT XYZ Makassar Branch. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 50 drivers as respondents. Data were collected using the standardized Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The study participants were predominantly within the productive age group of 30–39 years (94,6%), had a junior high school education level (44,0%), and were mostly married (88,0%). The results showed that the proportion of drivers with high and low risky driving behavior was equal (50,0%). Factors associated with risky driving behavior included motivation factors, namely the reward and punishment system (p = 0,005); ability factors, namely driving experience (p = 0,024); and situational factors, including type of cargo (p = 0,046).
T-7663
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sri Pratiwi Ranteallo; Pembimbing: Fatma Lestari; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Dwitya Dhanurendra
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Pendahuluan: Sektor konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor dengan risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi baik secara global maupun nasional. Tingginya angka kecelakaan kerja dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk perilaku tidak aman dan kondisi safety climate di tempat kerja. Safety climate mencerminkan persepsi pekerja terhadap komitmen organisasi dalam penerapan keselamatan yang membentuk perilaku keselamatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil safety climate pada proyek pembangunan apartemen PT X Tahun 2026 serta menganalisis perbedaan tingkat safety climate berdasarkan karakteristik demografi pekerja. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross – sectional, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner oleh Lestari et al. (2020). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 74 responden menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Analisis data responden dengan analisis univariat (deskriptif) dan bivariat (Uji Kruskal – Wallis). Hasil: Secara umum profil safety climate pada proyek pembangunan apartemen PT X tahun 2026 termasuk kategori baik (5,05 dari 6,00). Dimensi tertinggi adalah komunikasi keselamatan sedangkan dimensi terendah adalah aturan dan prosedur. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat safety climate berdasarkan karakteristik demografi pekerja. Kesimpulan: PT X telah menunjukkan komitmennya melalui pelaksanaan program keselamatan di area proyek Dibutuhkan upaya untuk meningkatkan persepsi pekerja terkait keselamatan kerja khususnya penerapan aturan dan prosedur kerja.
Introduction: The construction sector is one of the sectors with a high risk of workplace accidents, both globally and nationally. The high rate of workplace accidents is influenced by various factors, including unsafe behavior and the safety climate in the workplace. The safety climate reflects workers’ perceptions of the organization’s commitment to safety implementation, which shapes workers’ safety behavior. This study aims to analyze the safety climate profile in PT X’s 2026 apartment construction project and to analyze differences in safety climate levels based on workers’ demographic characteristics. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design; data collection utilized a questionnaire adapted from Lestari et al. (2020). The sample consisted of 74 respondents selected via stratified random sampling. Respondent data were analyzed using univariate (descriptive) and bivariate (Kruskal–Wallis test) analyses. Results: Overall, the safety climate profile for PT X’s 2026 apartment construction project falls into the “good” category (5.05 out of 6.00). The highest-scoring dimension was safety communication, while the lowest-scoring dimension was rules and procedures. There were significant differences in safety climate levels based on workers’ demographic characteristics. Conclusion: PT X has demonstrated its commitment through the implementation of safety programs at the project site. Efforts are needed to improve workers’ perceptions regarding workplace safety, particularly regarding the implementation of work rules and procedures.
S-12450
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Cynthia Kurnia Sari; Pembimbing : Sjahrul Meizar Nasri; Penguji: Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Hendra, Mushanif Mukti, Farida Tusarifah
Abstrak:
Pekerjaan di bidang konstruksi merupakan pekerjaan yang menuntut aktivitas fisik, pekerjaan yang terus berubah, dan memiliki aktivitas manual handling yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran faktor risiko ergonomi serta mengitung tingkat risiko ergonomi pada task pembesian pekerjaan konstruksi pembangunan jembatan di Proyek N PT XYZ. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi observasional, deskriptif, evaluatif. Tingkat risiko ergonomi dinilai menggunakan 2 metode penilaian yaitu menggunakan Ovako Working Posture Analysis Sistem (OWAS) dengan cara merekam postur dan menggunakan penilaian Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dengan acara analisis postur di setiap fase kerja task pembesian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor pekerjaan berupa postur, beban, frekuensi, dan durasi merupakan faktor risiko ergonomi pada task pembesian pekerjaan konstruksi jambatan. Penilaian tingkat risiko berdasarkan OWAS diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 kategori risiko yaitu; 55% postur termasuk kategori 1, 37% postur masuk ke dalam kategori 2, 6% postur masuk ke dalam kategori 3, dan 2% dari postur tubuh yang terekam merupakan postur tubuh berisiko paling tinggi. Rekomendasi aksi penilaian OWAS mengidentifikasi postur tubuh punggung membungkuk serta postur kaki berjongkok merupakan postur tubuh yang paling berisiko. Penilaian tingkat risiko ergonomi berdasarkan skor akhir penilaian REBA memperlihatkan fase kerja pindah besi merupakan aktivitas pekerjaan berisiko menengah dengan skor akhir REBA 7. Sedangkan fase kerja lainnya yaitu; fase kerja bongkar besi, perakitan besi, dan pengikatan besi merupakan fase kerja dengan aktivitas berisiko tinggi dengan skor akhir REBA adalah 10 sehingga harus diinvestigasi, serta perlu implementasi perbaikan. Kata Kunci : Konstruksi, Ergonomi, Postur, OWAS, REBA
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T-4825
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Muhammad Fathir Aksa Majda; Pembimbing: Robiana Modjo; Penguji: Stevan Deby Anbiya Muhamad Sunarno, Ovvyasa Wayka Putri
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelelahan dan faktor risiko kelelahan (fatigue)
pada pekerja konstruksi di Proyek A PT XYZ tahun 2025. Faktor terkait pekerjaan yang
diteliti mencakup waktu kerja, beban kerja, shift kerja dan lingkungan kerja. Sedangkan,
faktor tidak terkait pekerjaan yang diteliti mencakup usia, status gizi, kualitas tidur,
kuantitas tidur, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi kafein, dan commuting time (waktu
perjalanan). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross
sectional dan dilaksanakan pada Februari – Juni 2025 di Proyek A PT XYZ.
Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang mencakup identitas responden,
Fatigue Assessment Scale for Construction Workers (FASCW), NASA Task Load Index
(NASA TLX) dan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Jumlah responden dalam
penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 78 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 36
responden (46,2%) mengalami kelelahan, sedangkan 42 responden (53,8%) tidak
mengalami kelelahan. Berdasarkan analisis inferensial menggunakan uji Chi-Square,
diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara shift kerja (p-value = 0,024;
OR = 0,227) dan usia (p-value = 0,024; OR = 3,000) dengan kelelahan pada pekerja
konstruksi di Proyek A PT XYZ.
This study aims to analyze fatigue and the risk factors associated with fatigue among construction workers at Project A, PT XYZ, in 2025. Work-related factors examined include working hours, workload, work shifts, and work environment. Meanwhile, non work-related factors analyzed include age, nutritional status, sleep quality, sleep quantity, smoking habits, caffeine consumption, and commuting time. This research employs a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design, conducted from February to June 2025 at Project A, PT XYZ. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire covering respondent identity, the Fatigue Assessment Scale for Construction Workers (FASCW), NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The total number of respondents in this study was 78. The results showed that 36 respondents (46.2%) experienced fatigue, while 42 respondents (53.8%) did not. Based on inferential analysis using the Chi-Square test, a significant relationship was found between work shifts (p-value = 0.024; OR = 0.227) and age (p-value = 0.024; OR = 3.000) and fatigue among construction workers at Project A of PT XYZ.
S-12047
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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