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Nur Afifah; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Trisari Anggondowati, Chandra Nurcahyo
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Penelitian ini membahas mengenai utilisasi fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama pelayanan kesehatan mental anxiety pada peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sampel BPJS tahun 2025 yang berisi data kunjungan tahun 2024 dan menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta melakukan kunjungan ke FKTP sebanyak 1-3 kali dalam satu tahun yang termasuk dalam kategori utilisasi rendah sebanyak 158.957 peserta. Proporsi utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan mental anxiety di Indonesia lebih besar pada jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 118.730 peserta, kelompok umur dewasa (19-59 tahun) sebanyak 144.533 peserta, status kawin 110.577, tinggal di Provinsi Jawa Barat sebanyak 34.186 peseta, jenis fasilitas kesehatan puskesmas sebanyak 107.875 peserta, fasilitas kesehatan milik pemerintah sebanyak 113.261 peserta, dan segmen peserta PPU sebanyak 56.900 peserta. Faktor yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan diantaranya, yaitu umur, status perkawinan, dan segmentasi peserta.
This study analyses about utilization of first-level health facilities for mental health services for anxiety among National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia. This study used cross-sectional design using BPJS sample data for 2025 which contained visit data for 2024 and used Chi-Square. The result shows that the majority of participants utilized at primary healthcare with range 1 – 3 visits per year in low category of utilization, totaling 158.957 participants. Proportion of mental health services utilization for anxiety at primary healthcare in Indonesia is greater in the female gender with 118.730 participants, adult group (19-59 years) with 144.533 participants, married status with 110.577 participants, livin in West Javawith 34.186 participants, visiting puskesmas with 107.875 participants, Government-owned healthcare facilities with 113.261 participants, and PPU participants segmentation with 56.900 participants. The factors significantly associated with anxiety related mental health service utilization were age, marital status, and participant segmentation.
S-12449
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Farhana Ameera Lubis; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Ede Surya Darmawan, Trisnasari
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Latar Belakang: Prevalensi kanker serviks di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga beban ekonomi yang ditanggung oleh BPJS Kesehatan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Skrining pap smear sebagai upaya deteksi kanker serviks menjadi esensial untuk mencegah keterlambatan penanganan yang berdampak pada pembengkakan biaya kesehatan. Namun, tidak lebih dari 5% perempuan di Indonesia pernah memanfaatkan layanan skrining pap smear. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan layanan skrining pap smear oleh peserta JKN pada tahun 2024. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan sumber data sekunder berupa Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2025. Hasil: Cakupan utilisasi skrining pap smear dalam program JKN pada tahun 2024 masih tergolong sangat rendah (0,24%). Seluruh variabel independen berupa karakteristik peserta dan fasilitas kesehatan ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan pemanfaatan layanan skrining pap smear. Peserta JKN perempuan yang berusia 30 – 65 tahun (OR = 4,14; 95% CI = 3,98 – 4,31), berstatus kawin (OR = 1,74; 95% CI = 1,71 – 1,78), tergolong PPU (OR = 4,83; 95% CI = 4,67 – 5,00), memiliki hak kelas rawat II (OR = 1,96; 95% CI = 1,90 – 2,01), terdaftar di klinik pratama (OR = 1,99; 95% CI = 1,97 – 2,02), dan terdaftar di FKTP yang berlokasi di Bali (OR = 4,88; 95% CI = 4,64 – 5,14) menjadi kelompok dengan probabilitas tertinggi untuk melakukan skrining pap smear. Kesimpulan: Upaya promosi kesehatan, pemasaran sosial, dan transformasi layanan skrining pap smear diperlukan guna meningkatkan tingkat utilisasinya dalam program JKN.
Background: The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia continues to increase annually, leading to a significant rise in the economic burden borne by BPJS Kesehatan. Pap smear test, as an effort for early cervical cancer detection, is essential to prevent delayed treatment that results in an escalated costs for healthcare. However, no more than 5% of women in Indonesia have ever utilized pap smear test. Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of pap smear test services among the JKN participants in 2024. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2025 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. Results: The coverage of pap smear test utilization within the JKN program in 2024 was still classified as very low (0.24%). All independent variables, including the characteristics of participant and healthcare facility, were found to have a significant relationship with the utilization of pap smear test. Female JKN participants aged 30 – 65 years old (OR = 4.14; 95% CI = 3.98 – 4.31), married (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.71 – 1.78), classified as PPU (formal workers) (OR = 4.83; 95% CI = 4.67 – 5.00), entitled to Class II inpatient care (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.90 – 2.01), registered at a primary clinic (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.97–2.02), and registered at a primary healthcare facility located in Bali (OR = 4.88; 95% CI = 4.64 – 5.14) were found to be the group with the highest probability of undergoing a pap smear test. Conclusion: Efforts in health promotion, social marketing, and the transformation of pap smear test services are required to increase its utilization rate within the JKN program.
S-12292
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Imma Nadya Simarmata; Pembimbing: Kurnia Sari; Penguji: Puput Oktamianti, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Latar Belakang: Pemanfaatan pelayanan KB di Indonesia masih belum optimaal ditandai dengan unmet need yang stagnan di angka 11% dan rendahnya kesertaan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP). Meskipun pelayanan KB dijamin dalam skema JKN dan dapat diakses melalui 23.639 FKTP, gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan KB dalam konteks kepesertaan JKN secara nasional masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran pemanfaatan pelayanan KB dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan jenis pelayanan KB MKJP dan Non-MKJP. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder dari Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Reguler Edisi 2025 menggunakan sampel berjumlah 13.660 peserta. Analisis data meliputi univariat (distribusi frekuensi) dan bivariat menggunakan regresi logistik complex samples yang memperhitungkan desain sampel kompleks (strata, cluster, dan pembobotan). Hasil: Non-MKJP mendominasi sebesar 70,6% dengan jenis terbanyak adalah pemberian kontrasepsi suntik/pil dan pemantauan (36,6%). Dari 8 variabel yang diteliti, 4 variabel berhubungan bermakna dengan jenis pemanfaatan pelayanan KB, yaitu jenis kelamin (p=0,024), jenis FKTP (p=0,001), wilayah regional FKTP (p=0,001), dan wilayah tempat tinggal (p<0,001), sedangkan usia, status perkawinan, hubungan keluarga, dan segmentasi kepesertaan tidak berhubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Pemanfaatan MKJP di FKTP masih belum optimal dan terdapat disparitas signifikan berdasarkan karakteristik peserta dan wilayah.
Background: Family planning (FP) service utilization in Indonesia remains suboptimal, characterized by an unmet need that has stagnated at 11% and persistently low uptake of Long-Acting Contraceptive Methods (LACMs). Although FP services are covered under the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme and accessible through 23,639 primary health care facilities (FKTP), a comprehensive national picture of FP service utilization among JKN participants remains largely unavailable. Objective: To analyze the profile of FP service utilization and the factors associated with the type of FP service utilized, namely LACMs and Non-LACMs. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from the BPJS Kesehatan Regular Sample Data 2025 Edition, with a sample of 13,660 participants. Data analysis included univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate analyses using complex samples logistic regression. Results: Non-LACMs dominated at 70.7%, with contraceptive injection/pill provision being the most common service type (36.6%). Of the 8 variables examined, 4 were significantly associated with the type of FP service utilized, namely sex (p=0.024), type of FKTP (p=0.001), regional FKTP zone (p=0.001), and area of residence (p<0.001), whereas age, marital status, family relationship, and membership segmentation were not significantly associated. Conclusion: LACMs utilization at FKTP remains suboptimal, with significant disparities observed across participant characteristics and geographic regions.
S-12429
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Chiesa Nazwa Camila; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Budi Hidayat, Trisnasari
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Kematian ibu tetap menjadi tantangan global dan nasional yang krusial. Dalam upaya akselerasi penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI), WHO merekomendasikan standar pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) minimal delapan kali kontak. Merespons hal tersebut, Indonesia melalui Permenkes No. 21 Tahun 2021 telah meningkatkan standar pelayanan minimal dari empat menjadi enam kali kontak (K6). Namun, implementasi kebijakan ini masih menghadapi tantangan pada keberlanjutan layanan. Meskipun pembiayaan telah terintegrasi dalam skema Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), peran JKN dalam pembiayaan ANC dinilai belum optimal dengan cakupan 64,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis utilisasi dan keberlanjutan pelayanan ANC K6 tahun 2023-2024 pada peserta JKN di FKTP menggunakan rancangan kohort retrospektif dan data sampel BPJS Kesehatan tahun 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total populasi tertimbang 1.077.168 ibu hamil, sebanyak 561.843 ibu (52,2%) tidak memanfaatkan JKN untuk ANC. Di antara 515.324 peserta yang memanfaatkan skema JKN, hanya 25.473 peserta (2,4%) yang berhasil menuntaskan standar minimal enam kali kontak (K6). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel usia, status pernikahan, wilayah geografis, segmentasi kepesertaan, hak kelas rawat, dan jenis FKTP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap utilisasi ANC K6. Tingginya kesenjangan antara data survei nasional dengan data klaim JKN mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran pembiayaan ke jalur mandiri (out-of-pocket). Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya penguatan tata kelola klaim dan deteksi kecurangan, perluasan jejaring mitra JKN, simplifikasi prosedur administratif, serta intervensi berbasis komunitas melalui kader kesehatan dan pelibatan pasangan guna mendorong keberlanjutan ANC dan menekan AKI nasional.
Maternal mortality remains a critical global and national challenge. In an effort to accelerate the reduction of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an Antenatal Care (ANC) standard of at least eight contacts. In response, Indonesia, through Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 21 of 2021, has increased the minimum service standard from four to six contacts (K6). However, the implementation of this policy still faces challenges regarding service continuity. Although financing is integrated into the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme, JKN's role in financing ANC is considered suboptimal, with a coverage of 64.6%. This study aimed to analyze the utilization and continuity of K6 ANC services from 2023-2024 among JKN participants at primary healthcare facilities (FKTP) using a retrospective cohort design based on the 2023-2024 BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data. The results showed that of a total weighted population of 1,077,168 pregnant women, 561,843 (52.2%) did not utilize JKN for ANC. Among the 515,324 participants who utilized the JKN scheme, only 25,473 (2.4%) successfully completed the minimum standard of six contacts (K6). Analysis revealed that age, marital status, geographical region, membership segmentation, ward class entitlement, and type of FKTP significantly influenced K6 ANC utilization. The significant gap between national survey data and JKN claim data indicates a shift in financing toward out-of-pocket payments. These results underscore the need for strengthening claim governance and fraud detection, expanding JKN partner networks, simplifying administrative procedures, and implementing community-based interventions through health cadres and spousal involvement to promote ANC continuity and reduce national MMR
S-12322
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aghata Fisca Fatya Prasasti; Pembimbing: Pujiyanto; Penguji: Kurnia Sari, Laksmi Damaryanti
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Penelitian ini membahas terkait analisis utilisasi dan biaya pelayanan kesehatan pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) pada peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta berdasarkan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui rancangan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dari sampel seluruh data peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan diagnosis penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM). Data sampel menunjukkan bahwa dari populasi 46.348 peserta, 3.598 di antaranya mengidap diabetes mellitus (DM). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rata-rata peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengakses layanan rawat jalan tingkat lanjut (RJTL) sebanyak 8,36 kali per tahun dan rawat inap tingkat lanjut (RITL) sebanyak 4,07 kali per tahun. Total biaya pelayanan kesehatan untuk peserta diabetes mellitus (DM) di RITL 86,67% dan di RJTL 13,33%. Karakteristik peserta yang paling banyak mengakses layanan kesehatan adalah lansia, perempuan, pilihan FKTP di Puskesmas, peserta segmen PBPU dan PBI APBD, serta hak rawat kelas III. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki tingkat utilisasi layanan kesehatan yang cukup tinggi, terutama untuk RJTL. Biaya pelayanan kesehatan untuk pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) di RITL tinggi, yang menunjukkan bahwa penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM) memberikan beban biaya yang signifikan bagi program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN).
This study discusses the analysis of utilization and costs of health service for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients among National Health Insurance (JKN) participants in DKI Jakarta Province based on the 2023 BPJS Health Sample Data. This research is a quantitative study with data collection method through a cross-sectional design. This research’s sampling technique uses total sampling from a sample of all National Health Insurance (JKN) participants data in DKI Jakarta Province with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Sample data shows that out of a population of 46,348 participants, 3,598 have diabetes mellitus (DM). The research results show that on average, participants of the National Health Insurance (JKN) with diabetes mellitus (DM) in DKI Jakarta Province access outpatient advanced care (RJTL) 8.36 times per year and inpatient advanced care (RITL) 4.07 times per year. The total healthcare service costs for diabetes mellitus (DM) participants are 86.67% in RITL and 13.33% in RJTL. Characteristics of participants who access healthcare services the most include the elderly, females, choosing FKTP in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas), participants in the PBPU and PBI APBD segments, and entitled to class III care. The research concludes that National Health Insurance (JKN) participants with diabetes mellitus (DM) in DKI Jakarta Province have a relatively high healthcare service utilization rate, especially for RJTL. Healthcare service costs for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in RITL are high, indicating that diabetes mellitus (DM) imposes a significant cost burden on the National Health Insurance (JKN) program.
S-11770
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fajrin Birrulwalidain; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Penelitian ini menganalisis utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan mental depresi di fasilitas kesehatan pada peserta JKN tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan mental depresi dengan frekuensi kunjungan yang rendah atau 1-3 kali kunjungan dalam satu tahun, yaitu sebanyak 70.351 (88,3%) peserta. Faktor-faktor yang menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, segmentasi peserta, jenis fasilitas kesehatan, kepemilikan fasilitas kesehatan, dan wilayah fasilitas kesehatan. Determinan utama adalah umur, dengan peserta yang berumur 45-54 tahun memiliki peluang tertinggi untuk berada pada kategori frekuensi kunjungan yang tinggi (OR: 2,583; 95% CI: 2,042-3,268). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan edukasi, intervensi, peningkatan kualitas layanan dan tenaga kesehatan, serta pemerataan fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan.
This study analyzes the utilization of mental health services for depression at healthcare facilities among JKN participants in 2023. The research design is non-experimental with a cross-sectional approach. The results show that the majority of participants utilized mental health services for depression with a low frequency of visits, ranging from 1 to 3 visits per year, totaling 70,351 (88.3%) participants. Factors that showed significant associations include age, gender, marital status, participant segmentation, type of healthcare facility, ownership of healthcare facility, and facility location. The main determinant is age, with participants aged 45-54 having the highest likelihood of being in the high-frequency visit category (OR: 2.583; 95% CI: 2.042-3.268). These findings indicate the need for education, interventions, improvement in service quality and healthcare providers, as well as the equitable distribution of healthcare facilities and workforce.
This study analyzes the utilization of mental health services for depression at healthcare facilities among JKN participants in 2023. The research design is non-experimental with a cross-sectional approach. The results show that the majority of participants utilized mental health services for depression with a low frequency of visits, ranging from 1 to 3 visits per year, totaling 70,351 (88.3%) participants. Factors that showed significant associations include age, gender, marital status, participant segmentation, type of healthcare facility, ownership of healthcare facility, and facility location. The main determinant is age, with participants aged 45-54 having the highest likelihood of being in the high-frequency visit category (OR: 2.583; 95% CI: 2.042-3.268). These findings indicate the need for education, interventions, improvement in service quality and healthcare providers, as well as the equitable distribution of healthcare facilities and workforce.
S-12122
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fajrin Birrulwalidain; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Vetty Yulianty Permanasari, Erfan Chandra Nugraha
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Penelitian ini menganalisis utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan mental depresi di fasilitas kesehatan pada peserta JKN tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan mental depresi dengan frekuensi kunjungan yang rendah atau 1-3 kali kunjungan dalam satu tahun, yaitu sebanyak 70.351 (88,3%) peserta. Faktor-faktor yang menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, segmentasi peserta, jenis fasilitas kesehatan, kepemilikan fasilitas kesehatan, dan wilayah fasilitas kesehatan. Determinan utama adalah umur, dengan peserta yang berumur 45-54 tahun memiliki peluang tertinggi untuk berada pada kategori frekuensi kunjungan yang tinggi (OR: 2,583; 95% CI: 2,042-3,268). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan edukasi, intervensi, peningkatan kualitas layanan dan tenaga kesehatan, serta pemerataan fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan.
This study analyzes the utilization of mental health services for depression at healthcare facilities among JKN participants in 2023. The research design is non-experimental with a cross-sectional approach. The results show that the majority of participants utilized mental health services for depression with a low frequency of visits, ranging from 1 to 3 visits per year, totaling 70,351 (88.3%) participants. Factors that showed significant associations include age, gender, marital status, participant segmentation, type of healthcare facility, ownership of healthcare facility, and facility location. The main determinant is age, with participants aged 45-54 having the highest likelihood of being in the high-frequency visit category (OR: 2.583; 95% CI: 2.042-3.268). These findings indicate the need for education, interventions, improvement in service quality and healthcare providers, as well as the equitable distribution of healthcare facilities and workforce.
This study analyzes the utilization of mental health services for depression at healthcare facilities among JKN participants in 2023. The research design is non-experimental with a cross-sectional approach. The results show that the majority of participants utilized mental health services for depression with a low frequency of visits, ranging from 1 to 3 visits per year, totaling 70,351 (88.3%) participants. Factors that showed significant associations include age, gender, marital status, participant segmentation, type of healthcare facility, ownership of healthcare facility, and facility location. The main determinant is age, with participants aged 45-54 having the highest likelihood of being in the high-frequency visit category (OR: 2.583; 95% CI: 2.042-3.268). These findings indicate the need for education, interventions, improvement in service quality and healthcare providers, as well as the equitable distribution of healthcare facilities and workforce.
S-12077
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Amanda Solparka; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Putri Bungsu, Amila Megraini
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Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi beban pembiayaan signifikan dalam Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), dengan klaim biaya yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, sementara utilisasi rawat jalan yang seharusnya berperan dalam mencegah komplikasi belum diketahui secara pasti hubungannya dengan utilisasi rawat inap tingkat lanjut (RITL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara utilisasi rawat jalan dengan utilisasi rawat inap tingkat lanjut (RITL) pada peserta JKN penderita DM di Indonesia tahun 2023−2024, beserta karakteristik peserta yang berhubungan dengan RITL. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional) terhadap Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Kontekstual Diabetes Melitus, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 792.874 peserta (bobot). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik tunggal, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 13,4% peserta memanfaatkan layanan RITL, sedangkan hanya 17,3% peserta yang tergolong rutin memanfaatkan rawat jalan (≥12 kali per tahun). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa utilisasi rawat jalan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan RITL (p=0,000), di mana peserta yang tidak rutin justru memiliki peluang RITL 0,911 kali (AOR=0,911; 95% CI: 0,895-0,927) dibandingkan peserta yang rutin. Temuan ini dapat dijelaskan melalui konsep kebutuhan pelayanan rawat kesehatan (need-based utilization) dalam Model Andersen. Selain itu, delapan dari sembilan variabel karakteristik peserta terbukti berhubungan secara bermakna dengan RITL, yaitu umur (AOR kelompok anak-anak tertinggi), jenis kelamin (AOR kelompok perempuan tertinggi), penyakit penyerta sebagai indikator terkuat (AOR=4,258), segmentasi kepesertaan (AOR PBI yang memiliki peluang tertinggi), hak kelas rawat (kelas II dan III lebih berisiko), wilayah tempat tinggal berdasarkan kepulauan (Maluku dan Papua tertinggi), dan kabupaten/kota (Kabupaten AOR=1,431), serta jenis fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP) terdaftar (Puskesmas tertinggi); sementara status perkawinan tidak terbukti berhubungan secara bermakna setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Nilai R-Square model sebesar 0,112 menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat faktor lain di luar penelitian ini yang turut memengaruhi utilisasi RITL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa frekuensi kunjungan rawat jalan semata tidak cukup digunakan sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam pengelolaan DM, sehingga diperlukan penguatan kualitas pelayanan di FKTP, optimalisasi Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis), serta perhatian khusus pada kelompok rentan seperti peserta PBI dan wilayah dengan akses pelayanan kesehatan terbatas, guna menurunkan kejadian RITL dan mengendalikan pembiayaan JKN bagi penderita DM.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the non-communicable diseases that imposes a significant financial burden on Indonesia's National Health Insurance (JKN) program, with claim costs continuously increasing each year, while the role of outpatient care utilization in preventing complications has not been clearly established in relation to advanced inpatient care utilization (RITL). This study aims to analyze the association between outpatient care utilization and RITL among JKN participants with DM in Indonesia in 2023−2024, along with participant characteristics associated with RITL. This study employed an observational design with a cross-sectional approach using the BPJS Kesehatan Diabetes Mellitus Contextual Sample Data, with a total sample of 792,874 participants (weighted). Data were analyzed univariately, bivariately using simple logistic regression, and multivariately using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 13,4% of participants utilized RITL services, while only 17,3% of participants were classified as routine outpatient visitors (≥12 visits per year). Multivariate analysis showed that outpatient care utilization was significantly associated with RITL (p=0,000), where non-routine participants had a 0,911 times lower odds of RITL (AOR=0,911; 95% CI: 0,895−0,927) compared to routine participants. This finding can be explained through the concept of need-based utilization within Andersen's Model. Furthermore, eight of nine participant characteristic variables were significantly associated with AICU, namely age (children group had the highest AOR), gender (women group had the highest AOR), comorbidities as the strongest indicator (AOR=4,258), membership segmentation (PBI had the highest odds), inpatient class rights (classes II and III were at higher risk), region of residence based on island groups (Maluku and Papua had the highest odds) and regency/city status (regency, AOR=1,431), as well as the type of registered primary healthcare facility (Puskesmas had the highest odds); meanwhile, marital status was not significantly associated after controlling for other variables. The model's R-Square value of 0,112 indicates that other factors beyond this study still contribute to AICU utilization. This study concludes that outpatient visit frequency alone is insufficient as an indicator of successful DM management; therefore, strengthening service quality at primary healthcare facilities, optimizing the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis), and giving special attention to vulnerable groups such as PBI participants and regions with limited healthcare access are needed to reduce RITL occurrence and control JKN financing for DM patients
S-12364
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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A. A. Istri Jayantri Kusuma Wardhani; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Kurnia Sari, Khaterina Kristina Manurung
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Latar Belakang: PPOK merupakan penyakit kronis saluran napas dengan beban kesehatan dan ekonomi yang terus meningkat di Indonesia, dengan total belanja BPJS Kesehatan untuk PPOK mencapai Rp1,8 triliun pada periode 2018–2022. Namun, data Cost of Illness (COI) PPOK yang komprehensif dan berskala nasional berbasis klaim BPJS Kesehatan hingga saat ini belum tersedia. Tujuan: Menganalisis besaran rata-rata COI PPOK pada peserta JKN serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya berdasarkan Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2025. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari Data Sampel BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2025, mencakup 4.400 peserta JKN dengan diagnosis PPOK (J44) pada periode pelayanan Januari–Desember 2024. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (Chi-Square dan regresi logistik sederhana), dan multivariat, dengan seluruh estimasi biaya menggunakan data terbobot (weighted) untuk merepresentasikan populasi peserta JKN dengan PPOK secara nasional. Kategorisasi COI ditentukan berdasarkan nilai median (Rp1.173.448). Hasil: Berdasarkan estimasi terbobot, total COI peserta JKN dengan PPOK secara nasional diperkirakan sebesar Rp919.452.637.279 untuk 405.246 peserta, terdiri dari biaya medis langsung sebesar Rp756.652.637.279 (82,3%) dan biaya tidak langsung sebesar Rp162.800.000.000 (17,7%), dengan rata-rata COI per peserta sebesar Rp2.253.992 per tahun. Sebanyak 53,3% peserta termasuk kategori COI rendah dan 46,7% kategori COI tinggi. Seluruh 11 variabel independen (jenis kelamin, usia, segmentasi peserta, hak kelas rawat, tipe FKRTL, kepemilikan FKRTL, status eksaserbasi, komorbiditas, kunjungan RJTL, kunjungan RITL, dan lama hari rawat) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan COI (p-value = 0,001). Kesimpulan: Setelah dikontrol seluruh variabel, frekuensi kunjungan RJTL lebih dari tiga kali merupakan determinan COI terkuat, diikuti status eksaserbasi akut, komorbiditas, usia ≥60 tahun, tipe FKRTL, kepemilikan FKRTL, hak kelas rawat, segmentasi peserta, dan jenis kelamin. Variabel kunjungan RITL dan lama hari rawat tidak dapat diikutsertakan dalam model multivariat akibat kondisi complete separation, meskipun keduanya menunjukkan hubungan signifikan pada analisis bivariat.
Background: COPD is a chronic respiratory disease with an escalating health and economic burden in Indonesia, with BPJS Kesehatan expenditure reaching IDR 1.8 trillion during 2018–2022. However, comprehensive national-level COI data for COPD based on BPJS Kesehatan claims remains unavailable. Objective: To analyze the average COI of COPD among JKN participants and its associated factors using BPJS Kesehatan Sample Data 2025. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study using secondary data from the BPJS Kesehatan 2025 Sample Data, covering 4,400 JKN participants diagnosed with COPD (J44) during January–December 2024. Univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square and simple logistic regression), and multivariate analyses were conducted, with all cost estimates weighted to represent the national population of JKN participants with COPD. COI categorization was based on the median value (IDR 1,173,448). Results: Based on the weighted estimate, total national COI reached IDR 919,452,637,279 for 405,246 participants, comprising direct medical costs of IDR 756,652,637,279 (82.3%) and indirect costs of IDR 162,800,000,000 (17.7%), with a mean COI per participant of IDR 2,253,992 per year. A total of 53.3% of participants were categorized as low COI and 46.7% as high COI. All 11 independent variables (sex, age, participant segmentation, inpatient class entitlement, FKRTL type, FKRTL ownership, exacerbation status, comorbidities, outpatient visit frequency, inpatient visit frequency, and length of stay) showed significant associations with COI (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: After controlling for all variables, outpatient visit frequency exceeding three times was the strongest determinant of COI, followed by acute exacerbation status, comorbidities, age ≥60 years, FKRTL type, FKRTL ownership, inpatient class entitlement, participant segmentation, and sex. Inpatient visit frequency and length of stay could not be included in the multivariate model due to complete separation, despite showing significant associations in the bivariate analysis.
S-12418
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
A. A. Istri Jayantri Kusuma Wardhani; Pembimbing: Atik Nurwahyuni; Penguji: Kurnia Sari, Khaterina Kristina Manurung
S-12418
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
