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Air pollution causes various health problems, namely acute respiratory infections (ARI), bronchitis, eye irritation, bronchial asthma, skin irritation, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Asthma in Asia is still a major chronic disease problem. The prevalence in adults is still low compared to Europe, but the trend of asthma cases is always increasing. Asthma in adulthood can be caused by air pollution. Housewives who live around the cement factory area and spend part of their time in the house with various household activities are at risk of exposure to particulate pollutants (PM2,5). This study aims to determine the effect of PM2.5 exposure to indoor air on the incidence of asthma in housewives around the cement factory area of Limau Manih Village. This study used a cross-sectional study which was conducted in November-December 2020. The total sample was 258 housewives. The average concentration of PM2.5 in homes with asthma was 38.514 µg / m3. The results showed the effect of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of asthma in housewives around the cement factory area with p = 0.005. In addition, this study confirms that there is a relationship between PM2.5 concentrations in the home and asthma in housewives after controlling for the variables of the presence of smokers in the house, the extent of ventilation and humidity. It is necessary to control risks by controlling ventilation for air exchange, not smoking in the house and maintaining humidity in the house by increasing lighting and air circulation by increasing the area of ventilation and opening the windows of the house
Dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2006 telah terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya pada kelompok umur 1 ? 15 tahun sebanyak 55 anak (15 kasus meninggal, AR = 0,45% dan CFR = 31,91%). Pada Januari 2007 juga telah terjadi KLB difteri di Kabupaten Garut pada kelompok umur kasus 2 ? 14 tahun sebanyak 17 anak (2 kasus meningal, CFR = 11,76%, AR = 1,5%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian difteri pada Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus berasal dari 15 desa lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak dan kontrol berasal dari 1 desa terpilih secara random yang bukan dari kecamatan lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan ibu anak pada kelompok kasus maupun kelompok kontrol menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data lingkungan rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian difteri adalah kepadatan hunian ruang tidur, kelembaban dalam rumah, jenis lantai rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan rumah, pengetahuan ibu dan sumber penularan bukanlah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi terjadinya difteri, sedangkan yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kejadian difteri adalah status imunisasi, yaitu risiko terjadinya difteri pada anak dengan status imunisasi DPT/DT yang tidak lengkap 46,403 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status imunisasi yang lengkap. Untuk itu cakupan program imunisasi hendaknya makin ditingkatkan sehingga semua anak terlindungi oleh imunisasi difteri.
Since 2005 up to 2006 diphtheria out break had occur in Tasimalaya District among 1 ? 15 year old children. Total cases are 55 children with cases died with the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 31.91%. Further on, January 2007 the same out break occur in Garut District, with 17 cases and 2 cases died (CFR 11.76%). Research objective is to identify the correlation of housing environmental condition with the diphtheria out break. Design study was case control study. The amount of 72 cases had taken from the 15 villages on the out break areas and the same amount (72) non cases taken from the village out of the out break areas. Data were collected through interviewed with structure questioner with the mother as the respondent. Data collected were housing environment, the source of infection, immunization status, and mother knowledge concerning the diphtheria. Research conclude that factors involved in diphtheria out break are housing member room density, housing humidity, quality of the floor, the source of the infection, immunization status of the children, and mother knowledge about the disease. The importance factors for the diphtheria out break are immunization status, with the OR of 46.403 greater of non immunization children compare with those had immunization. Therefore immunization program should be further intensified in order to give fully diphtheria protection for the hole children population in those areas.
This study used primary data and cross sectional study design with total sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires and checklists to get an overview of 39 handlers on characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, training and feasibility of food hygiene sanitation facilities. Data analysis used were univariate analysis, bivariate using chi square and multivariate with predictive method, the objective of this study is To know the dominant factor of food handler hygiene behaviour and physical overview of food hygiene facilities in Hospital Unit Nutrition Installation X, the year of 2018, and the result of this study is Variables related to hygiene behavior of food handler were attitude (p = 0,042; OR 5,029) and Training (p = 0,003; OR 13,5). Meanwhile, variables that have no relation with handler behavior are Characteristics (age, education, length of work) of respondents (p = 1.00, OR education = 1.17; OR age and length of work = 0.84) and knowledge (p = 0,565; OR = 1.929). Assessment of physical feasibility of food hygiene facilites, which refers to Permenkes RI No. 1906/2011, overall the result is Hospital Unit Nutrition Installation X has not reach the physical worth of hygiene with value 55 (max 69) (79,1%). Suggestion: It is necessary to test the bacteria on food samples, swabs and hands of food handler.
