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Indonesia telah mengadopsi kebijakan akses obat ARV bagi semua penderita HIV/AIDS (universal access) sejak tahun 2006 dengan target waktu pencapaian pada akhir tahun 2009. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilujukan untuk mengetahui kesiapan pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang kesehatan dalam melaksanakan kebijakan tersebut di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2009, dengan pendekatan model sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggali informasi secara mendalam. Peningkatan validitas data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer maupun data sekunder sena triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang kesehatan belum dapat melaksanakan kebiiakan obal ARV bagi semua penderita HIV/AIDS (universal access) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta sesuai target waktu. Penelitian menyarankan implementasi kebijakan tersebut perlu memperhatikan komunikasi kebijakan yang intensif kepada Iintas sektor terkail, optimalitas penggunaaan sumber daya, ketersediaan insentif yang berdampak Iangsung bai pelaksana kebUakan, dan koordinasi yang kuat antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah serta tempat layanan obat ARV.
Since 2006, Indonesia has adopted universal access policy for antiretroviral drug which is targeted to be achieved by the end ot' 2009. Therefore, the thesis is focused on examining the readiness of government authority in health sector in implementing the policy in DKI Jakarta Province 2009 by using model system. The design of the research is a qualitative approach. It is intended to explore deeper information on the policy implementation process. To ensure data validity, the research was done by using primary data obtained from in depth interview and secondary data from document assessment. Furthermore, data triangulation was also conducted. The result of the research showed that govemment authority in health sector is not able to achieve universal access for antiretroviral drug by the target time yet. It is suggested that the iinplementation of universal access for antiretroviral drug should consider several factors, i.c. intensive policy communication among related stakeholders, optimality in utilizing the resources, the availability of appropriate incentive for policy implementer, and strong coordination between central and district government and with the health facilities that offer antiretroviral therapy as well.
Background: The tip of iceberg phenomenon in Indonesia, which is related to drug abuse, is already at an alarming stage. The effects of Tramadol drug abuse are not only on the health side but on the socio-economic aspects of society as well as security and order. The POM Agency has issued Head of POM Agency Regulation No.10 Year 2019 regarding Guidelines for the Management of Certain Drugs which are often misused with the aim of protecting the public from misuse and misuse of certain drugs. PBF is a distribution company for certain drugs which is suspected to still be a gap for the distribution of certain drugs such as Tramadol. This study aims to determine the implementation of the policy of managing certain drugs which are often abused in Jakarta specifically the distribution of tramadol drugs by PBF. Subjects and Methods: This study used a qualitative approach by means of interviews and document review, this research was conducted in March to June 2020. The main informants in this study were BPOM officials, BBPOM in Jakarta, Jakarta Provincial Health Office and 6 PBF. The variables studied were the size and objectives of the policy, resources, characteristics of the implementing agency, communication between organizations, disposition of implementers, and the social, economic, political environment. Data were collected by interview and document review. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result: the implementation of policies on the management of certain drugs which are often abused in Jakarta, especially the distribution of Tramadol drugs by PBF has not been optimal. The size and objectives of the implementation policy are optimal. Resources in the form of budgets have not been allocated specifically, facilities are good, HR is not optimal in terms of numbers, Characteristics of implementing agencies in the form of relationships between organizations are not optimal and fragmentation is good, Communication between organizations namely transmission, consistency and clarity is optimal, Implementing disposition in the form of understanding , the direction of acceptance and intensity is good, and social, economic and political environmental factors have supported the implementation of the policy. Conclusion: The performance of the implementation of policies on the management of certain drugs which are often abused in the Jakarta area, in particular the distribution of Tramadol Medicines in the Regulation of the Head of POM RI Number 10 of 2019 based on the theoretical variable Van meter and Van horn approach in general has not been optimally implemented.
Metode: Dalam menganalisis implementasi peraturan persyaratan keamanan dan mutu obat tradisional tahun 2019 melalui pelaksanaan pengujian sepuluh parameter uji, studi dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini menggunakan data dari berbagai sumber. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada seluruh UMKM di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Jawa Tengah dan Sulawesi Selatan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kinerja UMKM dalam hal keamanan dan mutu obat tradisional. Ketiga provinsi dipilih secara purposive dengan memperhatikan representasi tiap regional, temuan kasus TMS, serta jumlah UMKM terbanyak sehingga penelitian ini dapat menggambarkan implementasi kebijakan (Peraturan No.32 Tahun 2019 tentang Persyaratan Keamanan dan Mutu Obat Tradisional) di Indonesia, dengan kondisi yang beragam. Untuk analisa mendalam, data tersebut didukung dengan hasil wawancara terhadap UMKM, Balai POM, Badan POM serta Gabungan Pengusaha Jamu. Adapun kinerja implementasi kebijakan dianalisis menggunakan model variabel karakteristik badan pelaksana, komunikasi antar badan pelaksana, disposisi dan lingkungan social dan ekonomi.
Hasil: Dari sepuluh parameter uji keamanan dan mutu obat tradisional yaitu organoleptik; kadar air; cemaran mikroba; jumlah aflatoksin; cemaran logam berat; keseragaman bobot; waktu hancur; volume terpindahkan; kadar alkohol; dan pH., hanya tiga di antaranya yang diuji oleh sebagian besar UMKM di tiga provinsi yaitu organoleptis, kadar air dan keseragaman bobot. Sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas, terutama tidak adanya laboratorium, menjadi faktor internal yang menjadi penghambat UMKM untuk melakukan pengujian keamanan dan mutu OT sebelum diedarkan
