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This thesis discusses on the financing aspect for implementing basicimmunization sourced by the government under BPJS for the period of 2014-2018using spending for 2012. This is a quantitative and qualitative research. Theresults showed that the sources of financing the organization of basic immunization services in Indonesia in 2012 that the state budget from government sources (34%) and regional (66%). Is a major component of the financing ofoperational costs such as supervision and program management meetings, being asource of financing the organization of basic immunization services in Indonesiafor the next 5 years will still be dominated by the budget, which in those yearsBPJS implemented.Keywords: Implementation of basic immunization, Costs, Government and BPJS
Based on Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 IMR inIndonesia known is 32 deaths per 1000 live births. This figure is still far from thetarget of the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan, 2010-2014 targeting 2014 IMR of24/1000 live births, and the millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that targets IMR 2015 at 23/1000 live births. The IMR showed an increase in the degree ofchild health in Indonesia is not as expected, and could threaten the survival ofchildren in Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the determinants ofinfant mortality in Indonesia to further analyze the data IDHS 2012. Determinantsof infant mortality in this study can be seen from maternal factors (maternal age,maternal education, maternal employment status, parity, bleeding duringchildbirth, smoking), environmental factors (home state, region of residence,economic status), infant factors (gender, birth weight, breast fed), and factors ofhealth efforts (tetanus immunization of pregnant women at the time, gotpills/syrup iron, place of delivery, birth attendents, health insurance ownership).The unit of analysis is the baby born in the span of a year prior to the surveyIDHS 2012. Study design was cross-sectional by using logistic regres sionanalysis. The results of the 2965 research showed the babies born in the span of ayear before the survey, 1,9% died, and 98,1% of babies are still alive. Knownfactors working mother status, birth weight, and get breast milk is a significant toinfant mortality, the dominant factor is the factor of getting breast milk.This study suggests that promote the importance of breastfeeding, the importanceof maternal nutrition, improve the quality of management of low birth weight(LBW), as wel as improving access, quantity and quality of maternal and childhealth services by taking into account the technical and managerial aspects.Key words : Determinants, Baby, Infant mortality, IMR, Survey, IDHS
Malpractice in healthcare, eventhough was widely used and spoken in daily life,formally no clear and pricise definition has been made. Even from the point of view oflaw and healthcare expert, the utilisation of malpractice in healthcare term is stilldebatted. This tesis condutcs literatures review and experts interview in order to findout and determine the definition of malpractice in healthcare. This tesis also tries tofind the criteria, kinds, causes, evidence to be used in malpractice suits, and forumselection in settling malpractice disputes in helathcare. This tesis provides input that inprinciple the legal relation in providing medical service shall be seen as contractualrelation. (xiv + 107)Bibliography: 124.Key words: malpractice, medical, healthcare, private law, law of obligation, conractlaw.
ABSTRAK
Malaria harus dideteksi melalui pemeriksaan sampel darah perifer. Implementasikebijakan pemerintah untuk malaria adalah penegakan diagnosa malaria.Tujuan. Mengevaluasi implementasi serta mengetahui faktor penghambatkebijakan penegakan diagnosa malaria di Provinsi NTB tahun 2011.Permasalahan implementasi kebijakan penegakan diagnose malaria di ProvinsiNTB adalah belum disusunnya Peraturan daerah Provinsi NTB sebagaitindaklanjut Kepmenkes RI Nomor 293 Tahun 2009. Faktor penghambatimplementasi kebijakan penegakan diagnosa malaria yaitu sumberdaya;karakteristik agen pelaksana; disposisi; komunikasi antar organisasi; lingkungan.Sehingga perlunya peningkatan komunikasi antar Kemenkes dan Pemerintahdaerah Provinsi NTB serta komitmen pelaksana dan pemangku kebijakan untukimplementasi kebijakan penegakan diagnosa malaria.
ABSTRACT
Malaria, health problem must detects by examination of peripheral bloodsamples, by implementing policy of establishing malaria diagnose.Aims. Evaluating policy implementation and exploring resistors of establishingmalaria diagnose in NTB Province.Problem of policy implementation for establishing malaria diagnose in NTBProvince is lack of regulator as determinant of Kepmenkes Nomor 293 Year 2009.Resistors are resources; characteristics; disposition; communication amongorganizations; environment.It needs communication and commitment among Ministry of Health and NTBgovernment to improve implementation policy of establishing malaria diagnose.
Biaya pendidikan merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat penting dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Proses pendidikan tidak dapat berjalan tanpa dukungan biaya. Poltekkes Jakarta II adalah satker Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) berdasarkan Kep Menkeu RI No. 498/KMK.05/2009 tanggal 17 Desember 2009. Sebagai satker BLU, Poltekkes Jakarta II boleh memungut biaya dari masyarakat berdasarkan tarif layanan yang dibuat oleh Poltekkes sendiri atas persetujuan Menteri Keuangan. Masalahnya, belum diketahui berapa biaya satuan untuk penyelenggaraan Proses Belajar Mengajar (PBM), dimana perhitungan biaya satuan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dalam menetapkan kebijakan pembiayaan pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa biaya satuan pendidikan pada Jurusan Teknik Gigi Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta II Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2011. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian operasional untuk mengetahui biaya satuan pendidikan Jurusan Teknik Gigi Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta II tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian disajikan berdasarkan komponen biaya yang mempengaruhi biaya pendidikan. Informasi yang didapat ini sebagai dasar dalam melakukan analisis biaya pendidikan. Analisis biaya ini akan diuraikan mengenai komponenkomponen biaya pendidikan, biaya tetap, biaya variabel, biaya total, dan biaya satuan (aktual & normatif). Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut; biaya tetap sebesar Rp2.516.389.403,- biaya variabel Rp2.367.988.642,- biaya total Rp4.884.378.045,- biaya satuan aktual Rp25.048.093,- dan biaya satuan normatif Rp22.628.487,-. Disarankan untuk mengusulkan dan menyusun pola tarif Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II sebagai salah satu peningkatan pengelolaan keuangan yang diberikan oleh Kementerian Keuangan setelah Poltekkes Jakarta II dinyatakan resmi sebagai Badan Layanan Umum. Dimana berdasarkan PP No.23/2005 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum, disebutkan dalam Pasal 9 bahwa Satker BLU dapat memungut biaya kepada masyarakat Kata kunci: Biaya tetap, biaya variabel, biaya total, biaya satuan.
Education cost is one of the most important components in term of education implementation. The process of education can not work without the support costs. Department of Health Polytechnic (Poltekkes) Jakarta II is a work unit of Public Service Board (BLU) according to Kep. Menkeu RI No. 498/KMK.05/2009, date of December 17 th , 2009. As a work unit of BLU, Poltekkes Jakarta II may take cost from community based on cost of service, which is arranged by Poltekkes and approved by Finance Minister. The problem is, not yet known how much the unit costs for the implementation of Teaching and Learning (PBM), where the calculation of unit costs can be used as an ingredient in determining education funding policy. The purpose of this study was analyzing the unit cost of the education at the Department of Dental Polytechnic Jakarta II Ministry of Health in 2011. The research operation method was determining the unit cost of education Department of Dental Polytechnic Jakarta II in 2011. The results are presented based on the components that affect the cost of education. This obtained information is used as a basis for analyzing the cost of education. This cost analysis will be elaborated on the components of education costs, fixed costs, variable costs, total costs and unit costs (actual and normative). Based on the research that has been done, can be concluded as follows: fixed costs by Rp2.516.389.403,-; variable cost by Rp2.367.988.642,-; total cost by Rp4.884.378.045,-; the actual unit cost by Rp25.048.093,-; and normative unit cost by Rp22.628.487, - It is advisable to propose and develop cost patterns of Poltekkes Jakarta II as one of the improvement of financial management provided by the Ministry of Finance after Poltekkes Jakarta II officially declared as a Public Service Board (BLU). According to PP No.23/2005 about managing of Public Service Board (BLU) stated in Article 9 that the work unit of BLU may charge to community. Key words: Fixed cost, Variable cost, Total cost, Unit Cost.
Tantangan terbesar di sektor kesehatan yaitu menurunkan angka kematian ibu dengan target Millenium Development Goals/MDGs 102 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Saat ini angka kematian ibu di Indonesia 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tingginya angka kematian ibu terkait dengan rendahnya pemanfaatan layanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini menganalisis lebih lanjut mengenai determinan pemilihan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap ibu yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun (2005-2010) dengan menggunakan data riset kesehatan dasar 2010. Determinan pemilihan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan dapat dilihat dari faktor predisposing, enabling dan need. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah crosssectional dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 15.418 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memilih persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan sebesar 54,5% responden, ibu yang memilih persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan bertempat tinggal di daerah perkotaan sebanyak 73,8%, yang memeriksakan kehamilan pada tenaga kesehatan sebanyak 61,9%, dan yang frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan lebih dari atau sama dengan empat kali 62,6%. Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk mengevaluasi mengenai kebijakan biaya persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan dan peningkatan akses masyarakat ke fasilitas kesehatan, melakukan pelatihan untuk bidan mengenai bagaimana berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi sosial yang baik terhadap masyarakat sehingga masyarakat mempunyai persepsi yang baik dan kepercayaan yang tinggi terhadap bidan, melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi kinerja bidan desa secara kontinyu untuk meningkatkan kinerja bidan, mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat khususnya suami mengenai pentingnya persalinan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan melalui rapat desa atau kelompok tani.
Abstract The biggest challenge in the health sector is reducing maternal mortality ratio in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target of 102 per 100,000 live births. Presently, the maternal mortality ratio in Indonesia is 228 per 100,000 live births. The high rate of maternal mortality is related to underutilization of health facilities for deliveries. This research further analyzes the determinants of deliveries in health facilities. This research was performed on mothers who gave birth to their last child in the last 5 years (2005-2010) by using basic health research of 2010 data. The determinant use in selecting delivery process in health facilities can be seen from predisposing, enabling and need factors. The method used was a cross sectional study with logistic regression analysis. The number of samples included in this research was 15,418 samples. The results showed that mothers who choose to give birth in health facilities is 54.5% of respondents, 73.8% of these live in urban areas, and 61.9% of these chooses to do ante natal checkup with health care professional, 62.6% of these performed checkup at least four times during pregnancy. This study suggests to evaluate the cost of delivery at the health facilities and improved public access to health facilities, conduct training for midwives on how to communicate and socially interact well to the public so the public has the perception of good and high confidence of midwives, monitoring and evaluating the performance of village midwives to continuously improve the performance of midwives, socialize to people especially husbands about the importance of birth attended by skilled health care at health facilities through village or farmer group meetings.
Indonesia meratifikasi perjanjian pendirian WTO dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing the Wolrd Trade Organization, maka sejak saat itu aturan di Indonesia harus tunduk pada aturan-aturan WTO dimana salah satu perjanjiannya adalah Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights/TRIPs. Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan mendesak masyarakat, pemerintah dapat mengesampingkan aturan tersebut dengan menetapkan kebijakan Pelaksanaan Paten Oleh Pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah pada obat ARV dalam pemenuhan akses obat, dengan input berupa terbatasnya akses pada obat ARV yang disebabkan mahalnya harga obat ARV dan proses implemantasi berupa komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan Struktur Birokrasi. Berdasakan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kebijakan ini telah dilaksanakan dengan terbitnya 2 Keputusan Presiden tentang Pelaksanaan Paten Oleh Pemerintah Pada Obat ARV. Namun kebijakan tersebut akan berakhir masa berlakunya, yaitu tanggal 13 Mei 2013, untuk itu pemeritah diharapkan agar menetapkan kebijakan baru tentang pelaksanan paten pada obat ARV, untuk melanjutkan kebijakan yang akan segera berakhir masa berlakunya tersebut. Kata kunci : Implementasi kebijakan, pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah, obat ARV.
Indonesia has ratified the agreement on WTO establishment with Law Number 7 year 1994 on the Ratification of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. From that moment on, Indonesian law have to be in line with all WTO regulations, including the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights/TRIPs. However, Government may, in order to fulfil the peoples’ urgent need, disregard the regulation by establishing a Government Use. This research aims at describing policy implementation of Government Use of Patent on ARV drug in fulfilment of access to medicine. Input is limited access to ARV drug caused by its expensive price, while the implementation process includes communication, resources, disposition and Structure of Bureaucracy. The research found that the policy has been implemented with the establishment of two Presidential Decree on the Government Use on ARV drug. However, the policy would come to expiration on 13 May 2013, and the Government shall establish a new policy thereof. Key words : Policy implementation, government use, ARV drug
Claims management becomes very important in the business of insurance and re-established role in the company's image. As an administrator Insurance, PT TPA Xrequired to guarantee proper claim to all members. This research is quantitative andqualitative design, using the techniques of data collection includes in-depthinterviews, and a review of documents. The results showed that the resources thataffect the precision of the analysis process claims TPA X at PT Asuransi Y is achange of policy provisions, lack of some facilities and infrastructure informationsistems also support the accuracy of the analysis process claims.Keywords:claims managements, claims analysis accuracy.
